張阿琴 谷巍 李琳 劉夢雪 邱蓉麗
摘要:茅蒼術(shù)為(Atractylodes lancea (Thunb. ) DC.)為菊科多年生草本植物,其根莖為著名道地藥材。茅蒼術(shù)的化學(xué)成分按結(jié)構(gòu)主要包括倍半萜類、聚炔類、苯丙素類等多種類型。本文對近 30 年來國內(nèi)外茅蒼術(shù)化學(xué)成分的研究進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并對從茅蒼術(shù)中報(bào)道的每個(gè)化合物,都利用 SciFinder 進(jìn)行了確認(rèn)和校正,列出了每個(gè)化合物的英文名和 CAS 號,以便于為今后茅蒼術(shù)的研究和開發(fā)利用提供參考。
關(guān)鍵詞:茅蒼術(shù);化學(xué)成分;倍半萜;聚炔
Advance in research on chemical constituents from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.
Abstract: Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. is a perennial herb of the Compositae family, and its rhizome is a famous authentic medicinal herb. The chemical components of A. lance mainly include sesquiterpenes, polyacetylenes, and phenylpropanoids. This article summarizes the research on the chemical composition of A. lancea in the past 30 years, and uses SciFinder to confirm and correct each compound reported from A. lancea. The English nameand the CAS number of each compound are listed in order to provide reference for the future research and development of A. lancea.
Keywords: Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.; chemical constituents; sesquiterpenes; polyacetylenes
【中圖分類號】R97 ? ? ? ? ? ? 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼】A ? ? ? ? ? ? 【文章編號】2107-2306(2021)09--07
茅蒼術(shù)(Atractylodes lancea (Thunb. ) DC.)為菊科多年生草本植物,始載于我國古代著名醫(yī)學(xué)專著《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》[1]。2020年版《中國藥典》記載茅蒼術(shù)的根莖與北蒼術(shù)(Atractylodes chinesis (DC.) Koidz.)的根莖共同作為蒼術(shù)Atractylodis rhizoma入藥,前者習(xí)稱“茅蒼術(shù)”,后者習(xí)稱“北蒼術(shù)”[2]。其中,茅蒼術(shù)為公認(rèn)的道地藥材,具有燥濕健脾、祛風(fēng)散寒等功效,常用于濕阻中焦,脘腹脹滿,泄瀉,水腫,腳氣痿蹵,風(fēng)濕痹痛,風(fēng)寒感冒,夜盲,眼目昏澀[3]?,F(xiàn)代藥理學(xué)研究表明茅蒼術(shù)不僅具有促進(jìn)腸道運(yùn)動(dòng)的功效,而且在抗菌、消炎、保肝和抗腫瘤等方面顯示出較好的活性[4-10]。茅蒼術(shù)化學(xué)成分類型主要為倍半萜類、聚炔類和苯丙素類等。近年來,隨著分離技術(shù)手段的發(fā)展,從茅蒼術(shù)中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些新的化學(xué)成分,因而有必要對其化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行分類總結(jié)。因此,本文對近30年來文獻(xiàn)中報(bào)道的茅蒼術(shù)化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行綜述,以期為茅蒼術(shù)化學(xué)成分研究和資源開發(fā)利用提供參考。
1 倍半萜類成分
目前,從茅蒼術(shù)中分離得到約200種化合物,包括倍半萜類、聚炔類、苯丙素類等。其中,倍半萜類有72種,為主要化合物類別, 占比為31.2 %。已報(bào)道的72個(gè)蒼術(shù)倍半萜類成分(表1)包括20個(gè)愈創(chuàng)木烷型(guaiane-type)倍半萜及其苷類(1-20)、37個(gè)桉烷型(eudesmane-type)倍半萜及其苷類(21-57)、13個(gè)香根螺烷型(spirovetivane-type)倍半萜及其苷類(58-70)、2個(gè)艾里莫芬型(eremophilane-type)倍半萜苷類(71和72),這四種類型倍半萜的母核結(jié)構(gòu)見圖1。
2 聚炔類成分
目前,從茅蒼術(shù)分離得到聚炔類化學(xué)成分共76個(gè)(表2),主要為4,6-二炔烯類。此外,還有7,9-二炔烯類、3,5-二炔烯類、2,8-二炔烯類以及8,10-二炔烯類。根據(jù)聚炔鏈所含碳數(shù)的多少,又分為C10-炔烯類、C13-炔烯類和C14-炔烯類等。
3其他類成分
從茅蒼術(shù)中還分離得到了一些其他類型的化合物,共計(jì)82個(gè)(表3),包括個(gè)35簡單苯丙素類(148-182)以及47個(gè)其他類化合物(183-229)。
4結(jié)語
茅蒼術(shù)化學(xué)成分復(fù)雜,藥理作用廣泛,是一種常用的傳統(tǒng)中藥,也是江蘇省著名道地藥材。近年來,茅蒼術(shù)被用于治療新冠肺炎(COVID-19),是目前中醫(yī)藥治療新冠肺炎時(shí)使用頻率最高的中藥之一,在國家疫情防控重點(diǎn)保障物資的中藥飲片中排名第一[39-40]。本文對近30年來茅蒼術(shù)中分離得到的200多種化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行總結(jié)和歸納,其中包括聚炔類 76個(gè),倍半萜類 72個(gè),其他成分 82 個(gè)。隨著近年來新的分離分析技術(shù)的發(fā)展,許多微量成分也逐漸被發(fā)現(xiàn),從而為進(jìn)一步合理開發(fā)利用該植物資源提供了新的化學(xué)物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),為其臨床研究提供有效的參考價(jià)值
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課題:本文由 2019年醫(yī)療服務(wù)與保障能力提升補(bǔ)助資金“全國中藥資源普查項(xiàng)目”(財(cái)社[2019]39號)、江蘇省高等學(xué)校自然科學(xué)研究面上項(xiàng)目(18KJB360012)和江蘇省林業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新與推廣項(xiàng)目(LYKJ-常州[2020]04)