古南街歷史街區(qū)保護(hù)改造之張家老宅改造更新，宜興，中國(guó)

古南街東依蜀山，西臨蠡河，曾是丁蜀鎮(zhèn)水上通道的進(jìn)出端口，也是紫砂文化的發(fā)源地。根據(jù)旅游策劃和城市設(shè)計(jì)，南入口節(jié)點(diǎn)是古南街的“街口”。

張家老宅位于古南街口三面闊房屋的最南一間，呈小面寬大進(jìn)深的狹長(zhǎng)狀，東側(cè)是上蜀山的小道，具有開(kāi)闊的景觀視野和良好的建筑展示面。建筑新的功能定位為以紫砂文化交流和展示為主、兼具茶室的公共建筑。改造設(shè)計(jì)保留古南街的入口供展廳使用，增加了東院墻上的新入口，避免了不同功能流線的干擾。建筑沿街界面的處理考慮到與相鄰開(kāi)間的相似性和連續(xù)性，僅對(duì)門窗洞口的尺寸及開(kāi)窗樣式進(jìn)行推敲。山墻南端結(jié)合展示功能拆除局部磚墻，展露內(nèi)部木屋架，與玻璃、鋼框形成和諧對(duì)比。

改造設(shè)計(jì)始終關(guān)注既有建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)安全性與保溫隔熱、自然通風(fēng)等性能化提升，這也始終貫穿于整個(gè)古南街建筑的改造更新過(guò)程?！?/p>

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 王建國(guó)，李家翔，穆保崗，吳雁等/WANG Jianguo, LI Jiaxiang, MU Baogang, WU Yan, et al.

建筑面積/Floor Area: 85.5 m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time: 2015

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2017

攝影/Photos: 許昊皓/XU Haohao

1 古南街整體鳥(niǎo)瞰/Overall aerial view

2 南入口/South entrance

With the Shushan Hill to the east and the Lihe River to the west, Gunanjie Street used to be the main port of the waterway in Dingshu, and also the birthplace of Zisha culture. According to the tourism planning and urban design, the south entrance node is the street opening of Gunanjie Street.

The old Zhang family house is the southernmost of the three-bay houses at the entrance to Gunanjie Street, and is a long and narrow space with small width and large depth, connected to a trail to Shushan Hill on the east side. The house has a grand view and a dominant architectural fa?ade, and its new function is a public building for Zisha cultural exchanges and exhibitions, as well as a tea room.The renovation design retains the entrance along Gunanjie Street, adds a new entrance to the east wall of the courtyard, avoiding interference with different functional flows. The design considered the continuity with the adjacent houses, the building's fa?ade facing the street only adopted deliberate changes in the size of the door and window.Combined with the display function, the brick gable wall was partly removed at the south end, and the internal timber roof truss was exposed, forming a harmonious contrast with the glass and steel frames.

The renovation design always pays attention to the existing buildings' structural safety and performance improvement such as heat preservation and natural ventilation throughout the renewal process of the entire Gunanjie Street. □

3 首層平面/Ground floor plan4 二層平面/First floor plan

5 剖面/Section

評(píng)論

黃居正：江南的名鎮(zhèn)、古鎮(zhèn)不少，雖同處吳地水鄉(xiāng)，卻因漫長(zhǎng)的歷史積淀，形成了各具特色的聚落形態(tài)和文化特征，所謂“出門三五里，各地一鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)”。然而，幾十年中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，使古鎮(zhèn)之間原本微妙的文化差異被迅速抹平，并為崇尚“速食”的消費(fèi)主義所蕩滌，消逝在急功近利的旅游開(kāi)發(fā)大潮之中。2020年8月，當(dāng)我第一次來(lái)宜興丁蜀鎮(zhèn)時(shí)，感受到古老的陶都依然流淌著鮮活的傳統(tǒng)，反倒是有些詫為意外。王建國(guó)院士主持的古南街城市設(shè)計(jì)與保護(hù)更新，從改善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和原住民生活品質(zhì)著手，采用漸進(jìn)式、適應(yīng)性改造的策略，活態(tài)保存了古南街的物質(zhì)空間和原住民的生活樣態(tài)，突破了以犧牲原住民利益的破壞式觀光開(kāi)發(fā)與凍結(jié)式保存導(dǎo)致歷史斷裂所帶來(lái)的兩難困境，堪稱當(dāng)今小城鎮(zhèn)建筑遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)與再利用的典范之作。在長(zhǎng)達(dá)20年的古南街保護(hù)實(shí)踐中，王建國(guó)院士團(tuán)隊(duì)恪守科學(xué)的保護(hù)理念，不僅為原住民的自發(fā)營(yíng)建制定出可操作的風(fēng)貌評(píng)價(jià)和實(shí)施導(dǎo)則，而且開(kāi)發(fā)出了“聯(lián)體–共生”等修復(fù)性保護(hù)技術(shù)，有效地應(yīng)對(duì)木結(jié)構(gòu)體系因朽壞而導(dǎo)致連片倒塌的難題。在 1號(hào)地塊張家老宅的改造中，該項(xiàng)技術(shù)得到了切實(shí)的應(yīng)用和驗(yàn)證。此外，由于張家老宅地處古南街南端，背倚蜀山，南臨入口廣場(chǎng)，為古南街一處關(guān)鍵的節(jié)點(diǎn)空間，因此，在維持沿街南立面舊有風(fēng)貌的前提下，通過(guò)改善屋頂、墻體保溫隔熱的物理性能，打開(kāi)東向的實(shí)墻面，為功能重置后的室內(nèi)空間提供了良好的景觀視野和生活舒適性；同時(shí)，消減南北兩進(jìn)的建筑體量，獲得了一個(gè)尺度適宜的院落空間，從而大大提升了室內(nèi)外空間的品質(zhì)。張家老宅的改建，為漸進(jìn)實(shí)施中的古南街整體保護(hù)策略和方法提供了一個(gè)頗具示范意義的樣板。

7 張家老宅南立面/South fa?ade of Zhang's House

Comments

HUANG Juzheng: There are many famous and ancient towns in Jiangnan area. Although they all encompassing rich water systems, they have formed their own unique settlement patterns and cultural characteristics due to long historical accumulation. As the old saying goes, different customs exist between closed regions. However, with the rapid development of the Chinese economy in recent decades, the subtle cultural differences between ancient towns have been quickly wiped out, and under the influence of the"fast food" consumerism, they have disappeared in the tide of tourism development in pursuit of rapid profits. Therefore, when I came to Dingshu, Yixing for the first time in August last year, and felt that this ancient "pottery city" still had a lively tradition, I was very surprised. The urban design, protection and renewal of Gunan Street led by Mr. WANG, starting from improving infrastructure and the quality of life of the aborigines, using a gradual and adaptive strategy,the physical space of Gunan Street and the life style of the aborigines are preserved alive, and changed the dilemma between the destructive tourism development at the expense of the interests of the indigenous people and the historical rupture caused by frozen preservation. It can be called a model of the protection and reuse of the architectural heritage of small towns in present. In the protection practice of Gunan Street for two decades, WANG's team has strictly adhered to the scientific protection concept. The working group has not only formulated operational style evaluation and implementation guidelines for indigenous people's spontaneous construction, in addition, repairing protection technologies such as "conjoined-symbiosis"have been developed, effectively deal with the problem of continuous collapse of wood structure system due to decay. In the renovation of Zhang's old house in Plot1,this technology has been practically applied and verified.Besides, Zhang's old house is located at the southern end of Gunan Street, backed by Shu Mountain, and adjacent to the entrance square to the south. It is a key space in Gunan Street. Therefore, under the premise of maintaining the old style of the south fa?ade along the street, by improving the physical properties of roof and wall thermal insulation, the east wall was opened,providing a good view of the landscape and living comfort for the indoor space after the function has been reset. At the same time, the volume of the north-south building was reduced, and a courtyard space of suitable scale was obtained, which greatly improved the quality of indoor and outdoor spaces. The reconstruction of Zhang's old house provides a model of strategy and method for the implementation of the overall protection of Gunan Street.

8 張家老宅東側(cè)上山通道/Access to the hill on the east side of Zhang's House

9 張家老宅內(nèi)院/Courtyard of Zhang's House

10 張家老宅二層視景/View from the first floor of Zhang's House

11 張家老宅二層內(nèi)景/Interior view on the first floor of Zhang's House