江寧東龍村建筑改造更新，南京，中國

東龍村位于南京市江寧區(qū)淳化街道，地處淳化現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)示范園內(nèi)，與北側(cè)青龍山遙遙相望。村莊交通便利，生態(tài)和農(nóng)業(yè)條件較好，現(xiàn)有較多茶園、蔬菜和瓜果園，同時擁有歷史遺址等文化資源。整個村莊沿東大路呈南北帶狀分布，總體上呈現(xiàn)“田林環(huán)繞，星水伴居，悠然見山”的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)特征。2018年，東龍村入選江蘇“特色田園鄉(xiāng)村”試點，啟動村莊建設(shè)工作。

該項目基于對自然和人文條件的充分研究，結(jié)合城鄉(xiāng)聯(lián)動發(fā)展、農(nóng)業(yè)——電商產(chǎn)業(yè)整合發(fā)展的宏觀需求，對村莊結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)業(yè)功能組織進行了統(tǒng)一的規(guī)劃，并選擇位于村口的油坊——電商街地塊和位于中部的沼氣站地塊兩個重要空間節(jié)點進行進一步的建筑改造與更新設(shè)計。

油坊——電商街地塊位于村口，內(nèi)部原有青龍廣場、老油坊、村民浴室、衛(wèi)生站和一系列沿街房屋。設(shè)計通過小體量分散布局和微介入改造的方式，在不破壞村莊風貌的基礎(chǔ)上將村口建筑群打造為產(chǎn)業(yè)引導和存量資源整合并舉的“鄉(xiāng)村綜合體”，一方面將村域中現(xiàn)有分散的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品電商進行統(tǒng)籌組合和空間優(yōu)化，另一方面保留了原有廣場的青龍雕塑和老油坊的生產(chǎn)廠房，打造為“老油坊博物館”延續(xù)場所記憶，通過結(jié)構(gòu)置換和空間優(yōu)化使其與新建筑、青龍廣場形成宜人的公共空間。建筑形態(tài)上采用折屋頂延續(xù)村莊肌理，同時，新舊建筑群之間通過豐富的連廊、檐下敞廳、露臺等空間連接，形成一系列公共活動和觀景空間，滿足不同年齡段的游客和當?shù)卮迕裨诓煌竟?jié)、不同時段的復合使用。

原有的沼氣站地塊位于村莊中部，作為閑置的產(chǎn)業(yè)建筑，設(shè)計核心在于平衡場地遺存與新空間、新結(jié)構(gòu)和新材料的關(guān)系，在延續(xù)場所集體記憶的同時有力支撐新產(chǎn)業(yè)、新功能的發(fā)展。設(shè)計以“農(nóng)產(chǎn)體驗館”為核心，整合西側(cè)白芨種植田，形成種植、大灶體驗、果園采摘、生態(tài)農(nóng)產(chǎn)展銷以及線上電商服務的聯(lián)動發(fā)展。具體策略上，通過植入鋼結(jié)構(gòu)將原有廠房局部加高為二層，滿足復合功能使用的要求；保留原有廠房的沼氣罐，延續(xù)了當?shù)鼐用竦募w記憶，并將封閉的界面打開與院落產(chǎn)生空間互動；同時局部抬高地形為臺地，滿足不同人群活動的空間需求。在結(jié)構(gòu)、立面和構(gòu)造節(jié)點的推敲中，組合使用磚石和竹木等鄉(xiāng)土材質(zhì)配合輕質(zhì)鋼材、鋁材等現(xiàn)代材質(zhì)，建構(gòu)出既具在地性又滿足當代生活需求的空間特征。□

1 整體鳥瞰/Overall aerial view

2 青龍廣場/Qinglong square

Donglong Village is located in the modern agriculture demonstration park of Chunhua Subdistrict in Jiangning, Nanjing, facing the Qinglong Mountain on the north side. The village has convenient transportation and good agricultural conditions, and has many tea, vegetable and fruit gardens, as well as cultural resources such as historical relics and legends. Distributed in northsouth direction along the Dongda Road, the village presents the characteristics of "surrounded by fields and forests, accompanied with water ponds and mountains". In 2018, Donglong village was selected as one of the characteristic demonstration rural villages in Jiangsu to launch the renovation agenda.

Based on a full study of natural and cultural conditions, this project firstly plans an overall spatial structure and industrial functions of Donglong village considering the current needs of urban-rural coordinated development and the integration of e-commerce industries. On this basis,two important sites located next to an old oil mill at the entrance of the village and a biogas station in the middle of this village, are selected for further architectural renovation and renewal design.

At the village entrance, the oil mill and e-commerce plot include the Qinglong square, old oil mill, public bathhouse, health station, and a series of buildings along the street. By means of a small-volume decentralised layout and microintervention renewal, the entrance of the village is transformed into a "rural complex" integrating industry guide and stock resources without destroying the texture features of Donglong village.Aiming to continue the memory of the place, the original Qinglong sculpture and old production workshops are carefully preserved and have become a pleasant public space called "Old Oil Mill Museum"by structural replacement and space optimisation.Folding roofs are used to continue the texture feature of the village, creating a series of public activities and viewing spaces between the new and old buildings through corridors, terraces, and open halls under eaves, which meets the compound use of tourists of different ages and local villagers in different seasons and different times.

The original biogas station plot, located in the middle of the village, contains a deserted industrial building and biogas tank. Considering the contradictory relationship between the relics of the site and new functions, a comprehensive"Agricultural Experience Exhibition Hall" is designed to integrate the Bletilla fields on the west side,forming a joint development of planting, cooking experience, fruit picking, agricultural products exhibition and online e-commerce services.Specifically, the original factory building is raised to two storeys using steel structures, and the originally closed biogas tank is preserved and opened to form a courtyard to continue the collective memory of the site. At the same time, the topography is partially elevated to form a terrace to meet the composite space requirements of different activities. Local materials such as stone, bricks, bamboo and wood are used together with modern materials such as light steel and aluminium to construct local and contemporary space characteristics.□

項目信息/Credits and Data

設(shè)計團隊/Design Team: 王建國，朱淵，羅文博等/WANG Jianguo, ZHU Yuan, LUO Wenbo, et al.

建筑面積/Floor Area: 3000 m2

設(shè)計時間/Design Period: 2017-2018

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2020

攝影/Photos: 許昊皓/XU Haohao

3 老油坊博物館/Old Oil Mill Museum

評論

李竹：鄉(xiāng)村振興離不開空間與技術(shù)的關(guān)懷

東龍村作為一個典型的城市近郊鄉(xiāng)村，村里年輕人口被城市所吸附，流失嚴重，而農(nóng)業(yè)觀光又吸引著城市游客，鄉(xiāng)村的發(fā)展需要一個平臺去重新激活。在這樣的背景下，王建國院士將鄉(xiāng)建的著眼點放在鄉(xiāng)村公共建筑空間的營造上，建筑化整為零，圍合出了一個小廣場，這里不但有展示村史的“老油坊博物館”，也有招待外來客人的游客中心、茶舍，“鄉(xiāng)村綜合體”強化了村民的身份認同感。這些與村落尺度相當?shù)男〗ㄖ?，通過連廊、檐下敞廳、露臺等空間，與精心保留的大樹一起形成了有機的整體————一個能夠重新凝聚村民的新村口。

另外值得一提的是項目中采用的建造技術(shù)。建筑的在地性不應只局限在符號的重復上，當?shù)氐慕ㄔ旃に囁?、材料的獲取難易程度，也同樣是當代語境下的在地要素。我們看到王建國院士在作品中使用了鋼結(jié)構(gòu)作為建筑的主要結(jié)構(gòu)體系，它利用小尺寸結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件創(chuàng)造出的室內(nèi)大空間，被用作“農(nóng)產(chǎn)體驗館”。同時，圍護結(jié)構(gòu)又采用了在鄉(xiāng)村常見的磚木材料，作為鄉(xiāng)土建造的現(xiàn)代傳承，它探索了一種既能滿足現(xiàn)代化的功能需求又不抹殺鄉(xiāng)村文化特征的方式，體現(xiàn)出的是對鄉(xiāng)村建造的當代性思考。

建筑師在鄉(xiāng)村蓋房子不是簡單迎合游客的獵奇觀光，而是要將重點放在留住鄉(xiāng)村風土、加強鄉(xiāng)村與外部世界的溝通、提升本地村民的生活品質(zhì)上，讓鄉(xiāng)村留得住鄉(xiāng)愁、留得住人。

4 老油坊博物館首層平面/Ground floor plan of Old Oil Mill Museum

5 老油坊博物館內(nèi)院/Courtyard of Old Oil Mill Museum

6 老油坊博物館多功能活動室內(nèi)景/Interior view ofmultifunctional activity room in Old Oil Mill Museum

Comments

LI Zhu: Inseparable Relationship Between Rural Revitalisation and the Concern of Space Design and Technology

As a typical suburban village, Donglong Village has lost a lot of its young population to the city, at the same time, agricultural tourism is attracting more and more urban tourists. So this village needs a platform to reactivate its development. Under such a background, Academician WANG focused on the construction of rural public space,dividing the building into parts and enclosing a small square. This group of public spaces includes not only the Old Oil Mill Museum that displays the history of this village, but also a visitor centre and tea house to entertain guests from outside, which combine into a "rural complex"to strengthen the villagers' sense of identity. These buildings maintain the same scale as the original buildings of this village and form an organic whole together with the big trees which are carefully preserved through corridors,terraces, and open halls under eaves, forming a new village entrance that can reconnect the villagers.

Another thing worth mentioning is the construction techniques used in the project. The "locality" of architecture should not be limited to the repetition of cultural symbols,the level of local construction technology and the difficulty of obtaining materials are also local factors in the current rural revitalisation. As we can see, Academician WANG selected steel structure as the main structural system in his works, using small structural components to create a large indoor space, which later became the Agricultural Experience Exhibition Hall . At the same time, bricks and wood which are common in this village are used in the enclosed structure.As a modern inheritance of traditional rural construction,it explores a comprehensive design-construction strategy that can effectively support the functional needs of modern life without obliterating the cultural characteristics of the village, reflecting the designer's profound contemporary thinking on rural construction.

Architect's rural design practice should not simply satisfy the tourists' curiosity for sightseeing, but focus on preserving the rural customs, strengthening the communication between the village and the outside world,and improving the quality of life of local villagers, so that villages can retain its nostalgia and keep its people.

7 老油坊博物館屋頂走廊/Roof corridor of Old Oil Mill Museum

8 檐下敞廊/Corridor under the eaves

9 老油坊博物館展廊/Gallery of Old Oil Mill Museum

10 農(nóng)產(chǎn)體驗館入口/Entrance of Agricultural Product Experience Exhibition Hall

11 農(nóng)產(chǎn)體驗館首層平面/Ground folor plan of Agricultural Product Experience Exhibition Hall

12 餐廳二層內(nèi)景/Interior view of first floor of the restaurant

13 大灶體驗區(qū)/Cooking experience area

14 農(nóng)產(chǎn)體驗館鳥瞰/Aerial view of Agricultural Product Experience Exhibition Hall

15 農(nóng)產(chǎn)體驗館連廊/Corridor of Agricultural Product Experience Exhibition Hall

16 餐廳和室外燒烤區(qū)/Restaurant and barbecue area

17 農(nóng)產(chǎn)體驗館邊院/Side yard of Agricultural Product Experience Exhibition Hall

18 沼氣站改造/Biogas Station reconstruction