西湖東岸城市景觀規(guī)劃
————西湖申遺之城市景觀提升工程

1 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view

西湖是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)山水園林中，歷史悠久、文化內(nèi)涵極為豐富的案例。本項(xiàng)目即是在西湖申報(bào)世界文化遺產(chǎn)的背景下，針對(duì)其景觀提升展開(kāi)的研究。

規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)首先對(duì)西湖形成的自然歷史和人文歷史進(jìn)行了梳理，進(jìn)而廓清了西湖景觀的價(jià)值和國(guó)內(nèi)外具有廣泛影響力的原因。規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)成功創(chuàng)制并實(shí)踐了基于GPS和GIS技術(shù)研究西湖隨機(jī)視點(diǎn)分布規(guī)律的方法，同時(shí)還引入了“空氣能見(jiàn)度”與景觀觀賞關(guān)系的研究，為西湖景觀環(huán)境的提升和整治提供了關(guān)鍵科學(xué)依據(jù)。

規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)以“疏解老城、城湖交融、山水入城”為理念，綜合運(yùn)用基于城市設(shè)計(jì)的大尺度空間形態(tài)控制理論、景觀視覺(jué)評(píng)價(jià)理論和城市中心體系發(fā)展理論，分析了城市未來(lái)的高度形態(tài)分布，尋求西湖東岸城市景觀控制的不同途徑，提出“二核四輔”的高層分布、“山水綠脈”的景觀軸線(xiàn)、“賞游合一”的觀景游線(xiàn)和“秀隱諧巧”的建筑風(fēng)貌四方面的綜合景觀提升策略?！?/p>

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 王建國(guó)，楊俊宴，陳宇，徐寧等/WANG Jianguo, YANG Junyan, CHEN Yu, XU Ning, et al.

項(xiàng)目規(guī)模/Scale: 45 km2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2008-2009

West Lake is a perfect example of traditional Chinese landscape gardens boasting a long history and abundant culture. This project aimed at upgrading the landscape of West Lake against the background of applying for the World Cultural Heritage Site.

The planning and design began with an overview of the natural and human history of the formation of the West Lake, to develop a clear idea of its scenic value and the reasons behind its extensive influence both at home and abroad. The project succeeded in creating and practicing the GPS- and GIS-based approaches in researching the distribution pattern of random vantage points and embarked on the study of relationships between"atmospheric visibility" and view admiring, thus providing key scientific data for the landscape renovating and upgrading of the West Lake.

The planning and design process, guided by the philosophy of "alleviating the old part of the city, integrating the city and the lake and creating a city with natural landscape", applies the theories of morphological control for large-scale spaces,visual landscape evaluation and urban centre system development that based on urban design in a comprehensive way. It conducts an analysis of the morphological distribution of heights of a city in the future in order to come up with different approaches of urban landscape control over the east bank of the West Lake. A height distribution of "two cores with four auxiliaries", a landscape axis of "landscaped green vein", tourist routes featuring an "integration of sightseeing and travelling", and an architectural style accentuating the "beautiful, obscure,harmonious and intricate" features of buildings are proposed as comprehensive strategies of upgrading the landscape.□

2.3 觀景點(diǎn)的選取和等視線(xiàn)的確定/Selection of scenic spots and determination of equal sight line

4 現(xiàn)狀西湖游船路線(xiàn)與景觀等視線(xiàn)疊合/Current superimposition of cruise line and equal sight line

5 規(guī)劃西湖游船路線(xiàn)與景觀等視線(xiàn)疊合/Planned superimposition of cruise line and equal sight line

6 環(huán)湖景觀立面/Elevation around West Lake

7.8 西湖景觀與湖面游線(xiàn)的觀景關(guān)系/Relationship between landscape and tour line

12 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view

9 高層分布體系/High buildings distribution

10 景觀地標(biāo)分布體系/Landmark distribution

11 開(kāi)放空間體系/Open space

專(zhuān)家評(píng)審會(huì)意見(jiàn)

該方案分為“研究篇、規(guī)劃篇”兩部分，通過(guò)“湖、城、人”要素及對(duì)三者關(guān)系的分析，探討西湖景觀特征、西湖與城市關(guān)系以及與游人觀賞行為的關(guān)系，提出9個(gè)問(wèn)題，并在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建數(shù)字化平臺(tái)，分析城市未來(lái)最優(yōu)高度形態(tài)，尋求東岸城市景觀控制的途徑，最終提出4個(gè)方面的景觀提升科學(xué)對(duì)策。

該方案屬方法論研究，提出“湖、城、人”理念，通過(guò)西湖“9問(wèn)”透析歷史與現(xiàn)狀，提出應(yīng)對(duì)措施，規(guī)劃理論創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)方法創(chuàng)新、景觀控制手段創(chuàng)新；提出了對(duì)近、中、遠(yuǎn)景觀的改造理論，而且分別制定了前期、中期、遠(yuǎn)期景觀控制模式，有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性，目標(biāo)較明確。

Jury's Comments

The planning consists of two parts, "Research Section" and "Planning Section". According to the analysis on the three elements of "Lake, City, and Human" and the relationship between the three, it explored and investigated the landscape characteristics of the West Lake, the relationship between the West Lake and the city, as well as the relationship to the viewing behaviour of visitors, and raised nine major issues. On that basis, it built a digital platform, analysed the optimal height of the city in the future, sought a way to control the urban area landscape on the east bank, and finally put forward scientific measures for the improvement of the landscape from four major levels.

As a methodological research, the planning put forward the concept of integrating "Lake, City, and Human", analysed the history and current situation through the "Nine Issues" of West Lake, proposed measures, and planned theoretical innovation, technological method innovation, and landscape control method innovation. By proposing the theory of transformation of the short-distance, middle-distance,and long-distance landscapes, it formulated the pre-, mid-, and long-term landscape control modes respectively, showing strong pertinence and clear goals.

13 總平面/General layout

14 城區(qū)建筑高度空間景觀安全格局管控/Security control of building height

15 輪廓線(xiàn)顯現(xiàn)度分布/Contour line

16 近景中景遠(yuǎn)景分布/Vision range

17 規(guī)劃天際線(xiàn)與天氣能見(jiàn)度統(tǒng)計(jì)/Skyline planning and weather visibility statistics