廣濟(jì)鎮(zhèn)文化中心，綿竹，中國

綿竹市廣濟(jì)鎮(zhèn)位于綿竹市西部，北依龍門山脈，在5·12特大地震中人員傷亡、房屋損毀慘重。由東南大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院和建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的災(zāi)后重建公共建筑群集中位于鎮(zhèn)區(qū)中心的4個(gè)地塊內(nèi)，包括文化中心、便民服務(wù)中心、衛(wèi)生院、小學(xué)校、幼兒園、福利院等公共民生設(shè)施。

文化中心是第二批援建項(xiàng)目之一。建筑布局充分考慮當(dāng)?shù)貧夂驐l件，采用規(guī)整平面形式，利用地形和植被加以限定，形成尺度適宜、層次豐富的建筑空間。建筑造型一方面保證功能空間表達(dá)的真實(shí)性，另一方面，在立面柱廊、開窗形式和材料劃分等細(xì)節(jié)的藝術(shù)處理上考慮了與文化中心功能相關(guān)聯(lián)的節(jié)律性視感。庭院設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合地震中幸存的大樹，表達(dá)特有的場所價(jià)值。以功能實(shí)用和經(jīng)濟(jì)性為前提，設(shè)計(jì)采用通用建材和構(gòu)造節(jié)點(diǎn)，方便施工和工程進(jìn)度把握，同時(shí)保證建筑良好的自然通風(fēng)采光性能。

建筑用色主要有3種，墻柱形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)性構(gòu)件采用白色涂料，水刷石墻面采用灰色，填充墻體的面磚則選用了土紅色面磚，色彩搭配協(xié)調(diào)中而有對比變化，試圖營造震后重建家園的幾許溫馨，緩解災(zāi)難之后民眾的傷感?！?/p>

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 王建國，徐小東，王鵬，孫海霆等/WANG Jianguo, XU Xiaodong, WANG Peng, SUN Haiting, et al.

建筑面積/Floor Area: 936 m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time: 2009

竣工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2010

攝影/Photos: 王建國，盛雪東，孫海霆/WANG Jianguo,SHENG Xuedong, SUN Haiting

1 東南外景/Southeast exterior view（攝影/Photo: 盛雪東/SHENG Xuedong）

2 鳥瞰/Aerial view（攝影/Photo: 王建國/WANG Jianguo）

3 草圖/Sketch

Guangji Town is located in the western part of Mianzhu City, with the Longmen Mountains to the north. In the major earthquake on 12th May,2018, the town suffered heavily from numerous causality and damages to buildings. The public building complex reconstructed after the earthquake is located within four sections of the central town area, including public facilities as cultural centre,convenience centre, health centre, primary school and secondary school, kindergarten, welfare homes, etc.

The cultural centre is among the second batch of reconstructed projects. Local climatic conditions were carefully considered in the building layout.The regular plan was applied, defined with terrain and vegetation, shaping the architectural spaces with appropriate scale and diversified hierarchy. In terms of architectural forms, on the one hand, the authenticity of functional spaces was expressed; on the other hand, the visual rhythm that related to the functions of cultural centre was considered in the artistic articulation of the portico on fa?ades, forms of openings and subdivision of materials. Trees that survived the earthquake were integrated in the design of courtyards, presenting the particular value of locality. On the premise of practicability and economy of functions, general building materials and construction details were applied in the design,facilitating the construction and the control of project progress and meanwhile assuring adequate natural ventilation and lighting performance of the building.

There are three colours applied on the building.White paint was applied on the structural elements of walls and columns. Grey was applied on the granitic plaster walls. Earth-red bricks were chosen for the block walls. This colour palette was designed to add contrast to the overall harmony, as an attempt to create a warm atmosphere for the rebuilt homeland , relieving the pains that the general public suffered after the disaster.□

評論

張彤：廣濟(jì)鎮(zhèn)文化中心是汶川地震廣濟(jì)鎮(zhèn)災(zāi)后重建的援建工程之一。這項(xiàng)工作的特殊性不僅在于災(zāi)后重建的緊迫性和對建設(shè)質(zhì)量的高要求，一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的重建，從總體規(guī)劃到建筑設(shè)計(jì)，以至市鎮(zhèn)空間和室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)基本上由一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)完成，這在汶川地震的災(zāi)后重建中并不多見。

項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)用城市設(shè)計(jì)的方法，對鎮(zhèn)區(qū)中心的4個(gè)街區(qū)進(jìn)行了市鎮(zhèn)設(shè)計(jì)，包括細(xì)化地塊劃分、明確體量和空間關(guān)系、確定機(jī)動(dòng)車出入口、控制連續(xù)街墻和協(xié)調(diào)建筑風(fēng)格和材料做法。街區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)明確劃定了溪流兩側(cè)的公共綠地，在鎮(zhèn)中心十字路口周圍設(shè)置廣場，營造市鎮(zhèn)公共空間。這個(gè)附加的環(huán)節(jié)讓我們認(rèn)識(shí)到，城市設(shè)計(jì)不只是針對城市的設(shè)計(jì)，而是一種兼顧整體性、關(guān)聯(lián)性和空間性的工作方法。這使得重建后的廣濟(jì)鎮(zhèn)保留了鄉(xiāng)土氣息顯著的市鎮(zhèn)空間特征，成為綿竹市各重建鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中最具整體質(zhì)量的范例。

廣濟(jì)鎮(zhèn)文化中心位于四街區(qū)中心的東南象限，建筑的形體和空間組織是在市鎮(zhèn)設(shè)計(jì)框架下由外及內(nèi)的過程。觀演廳的主體量與北側(cè)便民服務(wù)中心相對應(yīng)，兩者之間是市鎮(zhèn)中心的公共廣場。在面向廣場的一面，文化中心設(shè)置了通高柱廊，顯現(xiàn)出鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)環(huán)境中少有的公共性。東側(cè)的3個(gè)小體塊由連續(xù)街墻統(tǒng)領(lǐng)，圍合中心廣場。體塊布置小心地保留了鎮(zhèn)區(qū)中心最大的一棵樹，它在地震中屹立不倒，成為生命和希望的象征。

4 首層平面/Ground floor plan

5 庭園局部/Partial view of the garden（攝影/Photo: 孫海霆/SUN Haiting）

6 庭園局部/Partial view of the garden

7 柱廊與倒影池/Portico and pool（6.7 攝影/Photos: 盛雪東/SHENG Xuedong）

8 外景/Exterior view（攝影/Photo: 孫海霆/SUN Haiting）

9.10 剖面/Sections

Comments

ZHANG Tong: This Cultural Centre is one of the aid projects for the reconstruction of Guangji Town after the Wenchuan Earthquake. The particularity of this work lies not only in the urgency of postdisaster reconstruction and the high requirements for construction quality. Moreover, the reconstruction of a town, from the master plan and the architectural design to the town's space and interior design, is basically completed by one team. This is not common in the postdisaster reconstruction of the Wenchuan Earthquake.

The project team used urban design methods to design the four blocks in the centre of the town,including detailed plot division, clarification of volume and spatial relationship, determination of vehicle entrances and exits, and control of continuous street walls as well as the practice of coordinating architectural styles and materials. The block design clearly delineates the public green space on both sides of the stream, and a square is set around the crossroads in the town centre to create a public space. This active participation has made us realise that urban design is not just a city design, but a holistic, connected and spatial working method. This makes the rebuilt Guangji Town possess the distinctive characteristics of the town space that retains rustic flavour, and it has become an example of the highest overall quality among the rebuilt villages in Mianzhu City.

The Cultural Centre is located in the southeast quadrant of the four-block centre. The physical and spatial organisation of the building is an outside-toinside process under the framework of the town design.The main volume of the auditorium corresponds to the convenience service centre on the north side, and the public square in the centre of the town lays between the above two. On the side facing the square, the Cultural Centre has typologically set up high colonnades,showing the rare publicity in the village and town environment. The three small volumes on the east side are dominated by continuous street walls, enclosing the central square. They carefully preserve the largest tree in the town centre, which survived the earthquake and became a symbol of life and hope.