“發(fā)明類”閱讀的相同考點

羅麗雯

高考改革后，閱讀題所占的份量更大，努力提升閱讀能力成為高考備考的重難點。從近幾年的高考閱讀題來看，發(fā)明類文章在題目設(shè)置上有一些類似的地方，下面我們一起來看看具體內(nèi)容。

首先，請同學們認真做以下兩篇高考閱讀題，然后，分析兩篇閱讀題的考點有什么共同點。

2019年全國Ⅰ卷閱讀C篇

As?data?and?identity?theft?becomes?more?and?more?common，?the?market?is?growing?for?biometric（生物測量）technologies—like?fingerprint?scans—to?keep?others?out?of?private?e-spaces.?At?present，?these?technologies?are?still?expensive，?though.

Researchers?from?Georgia?Tech?say?that?they?have?come?up?with?a?low-cost?device（裝置）that?gets?around?this?problem：?a?smart?keyboard.?This?smart?keyboard?precisely?measures?the?cadence（節(jié)奏）with?which?one?types?and?the?pressure?fingers?apply?to?each?key.?The?keyboard?could?offer?a?strong?layer?of?security?by?analyzing?things?like?the?force?of?a?users?typing?and?the?time?between?key?presses.?These?patterns?are?unique?to?each?person.?Thus，?the?keyboard?can?determine?peoples?identities，?and?by?extension，?whether?they?should?be?given?access?to?the?computer?its?connected?to—regardless?of?whether?someone?gets?the?password?right.

It?also?doesnt?require?a?new?type?of?technology?that?people?arent?already?familiar?with.?Everybody?uses?a?keyboard?and?everybody?types?differently.

In?a?study?describing?the?technology，?the?researchers?had?100?volunteers?type?the?word“touch”four?times?using?the?smart?keyboard.?Data?collected?from?the?device?could?be?used?to?recognize?different?participants?based?on?how?they?typed，?with?very?low?error?rates.?The?researchers?say?that?the?keyboard?should?be?pretty?straightforward?to?commercialize?and?is?mostly?made?of?inexpensive，?plastic-like?parts.?The?team?hopes?to?make?it?to?market?in?the?near?future.

28.?Why?do?the?researchers?develop?the?smart?keyboard？

A.?To?reduce?pressure?on?keys.

B.?To?improve?accuracy?in?typing

C.?To?replace?the?password?system.

D.?To?cut?the?cost?of?e-space?protection.

29.?What?makes?the?invention?of?the?smart?keyboard?possible？

A.?Computers?are?much?easier?to?operate.

B.?Fingerprint?scanning?techniques?develop?fast.

C.?Typing?patterns?vary?from?person?to?person.

D.?Data?security?measures?are?guaranteed.

30.?What?do?the?researchers?expect?of?the?smart?keyboard？

A.?Itll?be?environment-friendly.

B.?Itll?reach?consumers?soon.

C.?Itll?be?made?of?plastics.

D.?Itll?help?speed?up?typing.

31.?Where?is?this?text?most?likely?from？

A.?A?diary. B.?A?guidebook C.?A?novel. D.?A?magazine.

2017年全國Ⅲ卷閱讀D篇

The?Intelligent?Transport?team?at?Newcastle?University?have?turned?an?electric?car?into?a?mobile?laboratory?named“DriveLAB”in?order?to?understand?the?challenges?faced?by?older?drivers.?Research?shows?that?giving?up?driving?is?one?of?the?key?reasons?for?a?fall?in?health?and?well-being?among?older?people，?leading?to?them?becoming?more?isolated（隔絕）and?inactive.

Led?by?Professor?Phil?Blythe，?the?Newcastle?team?are?developing?in-vehicle?technologies?for?older?drivers?which?they?hope?could?help?them?to?continue?driving?into?later?life.

These?include?custom-made?navigation（導航）tools，?night?vision?systems?and?intelligent?speed?adaptations.?Phil?Blythe?explains：“For?many?older?people，?particularly?those?living?alone?or?in?the?country，?driving?is?important?for?preserving?their?independence，?giving?them?the?freedom?to?get?out?and?about?without?having?to?rely?on?others.”

“But?we?all?have?to?accept?that?as?we?get?older?our?reactions?slow?down?and?this?often?results?in?people?avoiding?any?potentially?challenging?driving?conditions?and?losing?confidence?in?their?driving?skills.?The?result?is?that?people?stop?driving?before?they?really?need?to.”

Dr?Amy?Guo，?the?leading?researcher?on?the?older?driver?study，?explains，“The?DriveLAB?is?helping?us?to?understand?what?the?key?points?and?difficulties?are?for?older?drivers?and?how?we?might?use?technology?to?address?these?problems.”

“For?example，?most?of?us?would?expect?older?drivers?always?go?slower?than?everyone?else?but?surprisingly，?we?found?that?in?30mph?zones?they?struggled?to?keep?at?a?constant?speed?and?so?were?more?likely?to?break?the?speed?limit?and?be?at?risk?of?getting?fined.?Were?looking?at?the?benefits?of?systems?which?control?their?speed?as?a?way?of?preventing?that.”

“We?hope?that?our?work?will?help?with?technological?solutions（解決方案）?to?ensure?that?older?drivers?stay?safer?behind?the?wheel.”

32.?What?is?the?purpose?of?the?DriveLAB？

A.?To?explore?new?means?of?transport.

B.?To?design?new?types?of?cars.

C.?To?find?out?older?drivers?problems.

D.?To?teach?people?traffic?rules.

33.?Why?is?driving?important?for?older?people?according?to?Phil?Blythe？

A.?It?keeps?them?independent.

B.?It?helps?them?save?time.

C.?It?builds?up?their?strength.

D.?It?cures?their?mental?illnesses.

34.?What?do?researchers?hope?to?do?for?older?drivers？

A.?Improve?their?driving?skills.

B.?Develop?driver-assist?technologies.

C.?Provide?tips?on?repairing?their?cars.

D.?Organize?regular?physical?checkups.

35.?What?is?the?best?title?for?the?text？

A.?A?New?Model?Electric?Car

B.?A?Solution?to?Traffic?Problem

C.?Driving?Service?for?Elders

D.?Keeping?Older?Drivers?on?the?Road

（參考答案：2019年全國Ⅰ卷閱讀C篇28.?D?29.?C?30.?B?31.?D;2017年全國Ⅲ卷閱讀D篇32.?C?33.?A?34.?B?35.?D）

這兩篇文章都是關(guān)于產(chǎn)品研發(fā)的。考點也有兩個相同：

1.?問研發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的目的。

答案一般是在文首尋找。如：

第一篇的第28題“為什么研究者要開發(fā)智能鍵盤？”由第一段末句和第二段首句，可知研發(fā)智能鍵盤的目的是，降低網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全保護的成本。故選D項。

第二篇的第32題“移動實驗室的目的是什么？”由第一段的第一句中的不定式短語“...?in?order?to?understand?the?challenges?faced?by?older?drivers...”可知答案為C項。

研發(fā)的目的或緣由，往往是為了解決現(xiàn)存的問題，往這個方向考查合乎情理。而且有助于培養(yǎng)我們的問題意識。

2.?問研發(fā)者對新產(chǎn)品的期待。

答案一般是在文末尋找。如：

如第一篇第30題，利用全文最后一句“The?team?hopes?to?make?it?to?market?in?the?near?future.”可知答案為B項。

第二篇同樣是利用最后一段“We?hope?that?our?work?will?help?with?technological?solutions（解決方案）?to?ensure?that?older?drivers?stay?safer?behind?the?wheel.”可知答案為B項。而且兩題都有hope作為線索字眼，第一篇還有in?the?future作為提示字眼。

從選材來看，第一篇是關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的，與我們的生活息息相關(guān)，這屬于社會熱點問題。第二篇，研發(fā)人員是為了讓老年人保持獨立出行的能力，能有正常的社交活動，保持好的生活質(zhì)量。其出發(fā)點帶有人文關(guān)懷，有助于培養(yǎng)學生的社會責任感。

責任編輯 蔣小青