寧波歷史悠久,是中國(guó)古代“海上絲綢之路”的始發(fā)港之一。寧波、泉州、亞歷山大等地的古港,被譽(yù)為記載“一帶一路”歷史的“活化石”。早在七千年前,先民們就在寧波一帶繁衍生息,創(chuàng)造了燦爛的河姆渡文化。
身為古代絲綢之路的“活化石”,這里潛移默化地孕育出商品觀念,地處江海相通的三江地區(qū),不僅匯聚出商業(yè)的興盛,還孕育出城市的繁華。寧波舟山港位于中國(guó)海岸線的中段,地處長(zhǎng)三角經(jīng)濟(jì)帶,坐擁得天獨(dú)厚的地理優(yōu)勢(shì)。
1985年,北侖港被列為對(duì)外開(kāi)放的港口。1989年,寧波港作為中國(guó)對(duì)外開(kāi)放合作的重要深水港之一。2005年,寧波—舟山港管委會(huì)設(shè)立,浙江港口整合大幕初啟。2015年9月29日,寧波港集團(tuán)、舟山港集團(tuán)實(shí)質(zhì)性重組成功,整合組建為寧波舟山港集團(tuán)。
從“寧波—舟山港”到“寧波舟山港”,輕輕抹去的是短杠,卻蘊(yùn)含著一個(gè)國(guó)際大港的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)戰(zhàn)略,也是浙江海洋港口一體化、協(xié)同化、集群化發(fā)展的縮影。面朝繁忙的太平洋主航道、背靠中國(guó)內(nèi)地最具活力的長(zhǎng)三角經(jīng)濟(jì)圈,重組以來(lái),寧波舟山港順勢(shì)而動(dòng),正逐漸打造為服務(wù)“一帶一路”的戰(zhàn)略支點(diǎn)。
站在寧波舟山港鼠浪湖礦石中轉(zhuǎn)碼頭遠(yuǎn)望,巨輪穿梭,一片繁忙,輪船卸貨的轟鳴聲此起彼伏。在碼頭上,一艘艘外國(guó)貨船上的鐵礦石,被巨大的抓斗抓住,緩緩地卸下船舶。
如今,這里是中國(guó)大陸重要的集裝箱遠(yuǎn)洋干線港,國(guó)內(nèi)最大的鐵礦石中轉(zhuǎn)基地和原油轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)基地,國(guó)內(nèi)重要的液體化工儲(chǔ)運(yùn)基地和華東地區(qū)重要的煤炭、糧食儲(chǔ)運(yùn)基地,是國(guó)家的主樞紐港之一。
鼠浪湖碼頭是舟山衢山港區(qū)的重要組成部分。作為全國(guó)最大的礦石中轉(zhuǎn)碼頭,這里成為全國(guó)僅有的能靠泊40萬(wàn)噸級(jí)散貨輪的7個(gè)碼頭之一。2020年一季度,該碼頭共卸載各類鐵礦石353.3萬(wàn)噸。
從2014年到2016年,寧波舟山港“一帶一路”航線從74條升至82條,全年航班從3780升至4412班,全年箱量從838萬(wàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箱升至908萬(wàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箱。其中,東南亞航線從20條增至28條,覆蓋了越南、泰國(guó)、緬甸、馬來(lái)西亞等東南亞主要國(guó)家,成為東南亞國(guó)家輸往日韓、北美等地國(guó)際貿(mào)易貨源的重要中轉(zhuǎn)站。
“一帶一路”倡議提出以來(lái),寧波舟山港實(shí)現(xiàn)了“三年三大步”:2014年,集裝箱吞吐量超越韓國(guó)釜山港躍居全球第五位:2015年,集裝箱吞吐量首破“2000萬(wàn)”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箱,超越香港港躍居全球第四位。2016年,完成貨物吞吐量9.22億噸,連續(xù)8年位居世界第一;集裝箱吞吐量完成2156萬(wàn)噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箱,穩(wěn)居全球四強(qiáng),增幅列全球前五大集裝箱港口之首。235條航線遍布?xì)W美、中東、東南亞地區(qū),其中對(duì)“一帶一路”沿線的覆蓋面積達(dá)到70%以上。
2016年,寧波舟山港成為全球首個(gè)年貨物吞吐量突破“9億噸”的大港。
如同波浪永不停歇地拍打海岸,在寧波舟山港,改革創(chuàng)新的探索也從未止步。2018年5月9日,浙江省召開(kāi)對(duì)外開(kāi)放大會(huì)提出括包對(duì)標(biāo)世界一流水平打造寧波舟山國(guó)際樞紐港在內(nèi)的10大舉措,進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)寧波舟山港集團(tuán)發(fā)揮浙江參與實(shí)施國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略、建設(shè)“海洋強(qiáng)省”的主抓手和全省港口投資、建設(shè)、運(yùn)營(yíng)的主平臺(tái)、主力軍作用,推動(dòng)寧波舟山港海陸雙驅(qū)融入“一帶一路”建設(shè)。
全省合力、區(qū)位地理、深水良港、服務(wù)品牌這四大優(yōu)勢(shì),為寧波舟山港全力打造“一帶一路”最佳結(jié)合點(diǎn)創(chuàng)造了良好條件。
隨著“一帶一路”倡議的提出,中國(guó)對(duì)“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家和地區(qū)的投資額持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),貿(mào)易量持續(xù)提升,為占全球物流90%比重的海上運(yùn)輸、海港發(fā)展帶來(lái)了新機(jī)遇。
通過(guò)海絲港口論壇,寧波舟山港加深了與“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家和地區(qū)港口之間的合作關(guān)系,先后與馬來(lái)西亞巴生港、德國(guó)漢堡港務(wù)局、德國(guó)威廉港集裝箱碼頭亞德港營(yíng)銷有限公司等簽訂了友好合作協(xié)議。截至目前,寧波舟山港已與英國(guó)菲利克斯托港、法國(guó)馬賽港、意大利利沃爾諾港、西班牙希洪港、埃及塞得港、斯里蘭卡科倫坡港等20多個(gè)“一帶一路”沿線港口建立了友好港關(guān)系。
近年來(lái),寧波舟山港與總部位于“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家和地區(qū)的全球航運(yùn)巨頭加強(qiáng)溝通合作,通過(guò)共同出資運(yùn)營(yíng)穿山港區(qū)集裝箱碼頭等方式,實(shí)現(xiàn)了“大港”與“大船”的強(qiáng)強(qiáng)聯(lián)手。2017年4月初,浙江省代表團(tuán)對(duì)阿聯(lián)酋進(jìn)行友好訪問(wèn),其間考察了迪拜杰貝阿里自貿(mào)港區(qū),完成了浙江省海港集團(tuán)、寧波舟山港集團(tuán)與迪拜環(huán)球港務(wù)集團(tuán)合作諒解備忘錄簽約儀式。還分別與印尼第一港務(wù)公司、印尼第二港務(wù)公司簽署諒解備忘錄,其中,與印尼第一港務(wù)公司達(dá)成了合作開(kāi)發(fā)瓜拉丹戎國(guó)際樞紐港和產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)的意向,與印尼第二港務(wù)公司建立了長(zhǎng)期姐妹港友好合作關(guān)系。
寧波舟山港與中遠(yuǎn)海運(yùn)、地中海、東方海外、長(zhǎng)榮等合作的穿山港區(qū)集裝箱碼頭,目前已成為該港云集超大型集裝箱巨輪最多、全球少有的每年可吞吐“千萬(wàn)箱”的碼頭,這為合作伙伴帶來(lái)了持續(xù)豐厚的發(fā)展紅利。在海外,沙特利雅得無(wú)水港項(xiàng)目上,寧波舟山港在實(shí)現(xiàn)更佳收益的同時(shí),推動(dòng)該無(wú)水港業(yè)務(wù)量持續(xù)增長(zhǎng):2014年完成61萬(wàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箱,同比增長(zhǎng)13%;2017年完成約65萬(wàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)箱,取得了新發(fā)展,進(jìn)一步彰顯了寧波舟山港探索打造“最佳拍檔合作點(diǎn)”的眼力、實(shí)力、魅力。
未來(lái),寧波舟山港集團(tuán)將根據(jù)《浙江省海洋港口發(fā)展“十三五”規(guī)劃》,發(fā)揮寧波舟山港的“大龍頭”作用,積極落實(shí)國(guó)家“一帶一路”、長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)、長(zhǎng)三角一體化發(fā)展和浙江省十四次黨代會(huì)提出的打造“全球一流強(qiáng)港”“世界級(jí)港口集群”的要求,并以大宗商品和集裝箱運(yùn)輸發(fā)展為核心,充分發(fā)揮港口對(duì)大宗商品交易、保稅加工、自由貿(mào)易、海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚等方面的帶動(dòng)優(yōu)勢(shì),推進(jìn)港口由傳統(tǒng)運(yùn)輸平臺(tái)向物流平臺(tái)、信息平臺(tái)、貿(mào)易平臺(tái)、產(chǎn)業(yè)平臺(tái)、金融平臺(tái)拓展,加快建成全球一流的現(xiàn)代化樞紐港、全球一流的航運(yùn)服務(wù)基地和全球一流的大宗商品儲(chǔ)運(yùn)交易加工基地。
With a long history and one of the ports of departure for China's ancient Maritime Silk Road, Ningbo is considered a “l(fā)iving fossil” of the Belt and Road, along with Quanzhou, Alexandria and other ancient ports. As early as 7,000 years ago, humans already settled here and created the splendid Hemudu Culture.
Situated in the middle of China's coastline, where the three rivers of Yao, Fenghua and Yong meet the sea, and adjacent to the Yangtze River Delta Economic Belt, Ningbo Zhoushan Port has a unique geographical advantage. In 1985, Beilun Port was opened up to the world. In 1 ?989, Ningbo Port was listed as an important deep-water port in Chinas opening-up and cooperation with the world. In 2005, Ningbo-Zhoushan Port Management Committee was established, marking the beginning of the integration of Zhejiang ports. On September 29, 2015, Ningbo Port Group and Zhoushan Port Group were substantially restructured and integrated into the Ningbo Zhoushan Port Group.
From “Ningbo-Zhoushan Port” to “Ningbo Zhoushan Port”, the subtle change nevertheless reflects its long-term strategy, namely integration, coordination and cluster development. As one of the main hub ports in China, at present, Ningbo Zhoushan Port is the largest iron ore and crude oil transfer base, one of the biggest liquid chemical storage and transportation bases across the country and an important coal and grain storage and transportation base in East China.
Since Ningbo Zhoushan Port and the countries and regions along the Belt and Road have a strong economic complementarity, economic interactions between them provide new opportunities for Ningbo Zhoushan Port to expand new sources of goods and carry out new cooperation.
From 2014 to 2016, Belt and Road flight routes to and from Ningbo Zhoushan Port increased from 74 to 82, and annual flights increased from 3,780 to 4,412, annual container volume up from 8.38 million TEU to 9.08 million TEU. Of these, the number of routes in Southeast Asia grew from 20 to 28, covering major Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and Malaysia, and becoming an important transit point for Southeast Asian countries to export international trade goods to Japan, R. O. Korea and North America.
After the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward in 2013, Ningbo Zhoushan Port achieved “three big goals in three years”. In 2014, its container throughput exceeded that of Busan Port in R.O. Korea and ranked fifth in the world. In 2015, its container throughput exceeded 20 million TEUs for the first time, surpassing Hong Kong and ranking fourth in the world. In 2016, its cargo throughput reached 922 million tons, the worlds largest for eight consecutive years and the worlds first port accomplishing such a feat; its container throughput reached 21.56 million TEUs, ranking among the world's top four and the first among the worlds top five in terms of growth rate. Of the 235 flight routes to and from Europe, the Middle East and Southeast Asia, 70% cover the Belt and Road countries and regions.
But Ningbo Zhoushan Port and Zhejiang never rest on their laurels. A major provincial conference in 2018 stipulated that Ningbo Zhoushan Port be built into an international hub port and fully integrated into the development of Belt and Road. Currently, Ningbo Zhoushan Port has established friendly relations with more than 20 ports along the Belt and Road, including Felixstowe Port in the United Kingdom, Marseille Port in France, Livorno Port in Italy, Gihon Port in Spain, Said Port in Egypt and Colombo Port in Sri Lanka, among others.