雞血石雕：大自然的鬼斧神工 手藝人的巧奪天工

劉凡力 盧倩倩

“昌化縣產(chǎn)圖章石，紅點(diǎn)若朱砂，亦有青紫如玳瑁，良可愛玩，近則罕得矣?！鼻宕墩憬ㄖ尽分械倪@段話，說的就是昌化雞血石。雞血石素來享有“印石皇后”的美稱，與田黃石、燈光石一齊被譽(yù)為“印石三寶”。昌化雞血石產(chǎn)自“浙西大峽谷”源頭的玉巖山，形成于7500萬年前的火山活動。在它的身上，透著億萬年時(shí)間雕琢的痕跡，承載著中華民族對本源精神的追求與探索。

雞血石色澤殷紅瑰麗，石質(zhì)晶瑩剔透，造型渾然天成，整體來看既有冠絕的艷麗，又不失高雅的美感。而雞血石雕在國內(nèi)外享有盛譽(yù)的原因， 一是雞血石本身的特色鮮明，二是雞血石雕的獨(dú)特技藝。由于雞血石雕受到稀有血色、表現(xiàn)手法和空間的局限， 故而對手工師傅的技藝要求較高。石雕藝人運(yùn)用巧雕、不完全雕、夸張雕、反常規(guī)雕等技藝，致力于呈現(xiàn)雞血石獨(dú)一無二的價(jià)值。

邵城鑫在2009年被浙江省文化廳授予浙江省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)“雞血石雕”代表性傳承人的身份認(rèn)證。他自幼接受來自祖輩的石雕藝術(shù)審美熏陶，1978年跟隨溫州著名石雕工藝美術(shù)師林巖福學(xué)藝，隨后多次去福建、石雕之鄉(xiāng)青田拜訪名師名家取其眾長，以福建、麗水青田雕法為先導(dǎo)，結(jié)合昌化石雕雕法，三雕合一，因色取巧、按材施藝，突出石雕神韻，形成了匠心獨(dú)運(yùn)的石雕藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。從事石雕行業(yè)30余年，邵城鑫始終認(rèn)為作品的構(gòu)思往往要比嫻熟的雕刻技法更重要。他的得意之作——《鐘馗醉酒》，誕生之初就是因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)滿臉胡子的老者，給了他雕刻的靈感和構(gòu)思。邵城鑫的其他代表作品還有《松下品茗》、《后羿射日》和《十八羅漢》系列等。

（感謝浙江省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)中心為本欄目提供支持。）

As one of the most valued ornamental stones in China， chicken-blood stones have been used for centuries to create seals and carvings. Found on Yuyan Mountain， near Zhejiangs Changhua town， the stones were products of volcanic activity some 75 million years ago and are traditionally known as “Changhua chicken-blood stones”.

One of the reasons why chicken-blood stones are highly prized at home and abroad is its unique appearances and rarity. Another is the sophisticated skills needed to make chicken-blood stone carvings.

Shao Chengxin， a master of the chicken-blood stone carving craft， was influenced at a very young age by his family on stone carving. Plying his trade and honing his skills with masters of previous generations， over the past few decades， Shao has developed several carving techniques of his own and was recognized in 2009 as an inheritor of the chicken-blood stone carving craft， an intangible cultural heritage of Zhejiang province. His carving works include Drunken Zhong Zhui， Hou Yi Shot Down Nine Suns， The Eighteen Arhats and many others.