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      有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)陣發(fā)性房顫射頻消融術(shù)后患者左心結(jié)構(gòu)、功能及運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力的影響

      2021-04-29 09:15:34曹培紅孫春梅葛衛(wèi)力
      中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2021年7期
      關(guān)鍵詞:射頻消融術(shù)有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)復(fù)發(fā)

      曹培紅 孫春梅 葛衛(wèi)力

      [摘要] 目的 探討有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)陣發(fā)性房顫(AF)射頻消融術(shù)后患者左心結(jié)構(gòu)、功能及運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力的影響。 方法 選取2018年1月至2019年2月我院心內(nèi)科住院治療的行射頻消融術(shù)的陣發(fā)性AF患者110例,隨機(jī)分為干預(yù)組與對(duì)照組,每組各55例。兩組患者術(shù)后均行常規(guī)華法林鈉片或低分子肝素等抗凝治療。對(duì)照組患者術(shù)后給予常規(guī)干預(yù)措施,干預(yù)組患者術(shù)后3 d在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上加用有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù),兩組均干預(yù)1年。觀察兩組術(shù)后3 d和干預(yù)1年后左心結(jié)構(gòu)、功能和運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力指標(biāo)的變化,并比較AF的復(fù)發(fā)率。 結(jié)果 干預(yù)1年后,兩組LAD水平均較術(shù)后3 d明顯下降,LVEF水平較術(shù)后3 d明顯上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)1年后干預(yù)組下降或上升幅度較對(duì)照組更顯著(P<0.05);兩組患者6 min步行試驗(yàn)較術(shù)后3 d明顯上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)1年后干預(yù)組上升幅度高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。干預(yù)1年內(nèi),干預(yù)組患者復(fù)發(fā)4例(7.27%),對(duì)照組患者復(fù)發(fā)12例(21.82%),干預(yù)組患者的復(fù)發(fā)率明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.680,P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)用于陣發(fā)性AF射頻消融術(shù)后患者不僅可改善左心結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,還可提高運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力,且其遠(yuǎn)期效果亦較確切,能降低其復(fù)發(fā)率。

      [關(guān)鍵詞] 房顫;射頻消融術(shù);有氧運(yùn)動(dòng);左心結(jié)構(gòu);運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力;復(fù)發(fā)

      [中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R541.7? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2021)07-0010-03

      Impacts of the aerobic exercise on left ventricular structure, function and exercise tolerance of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation

      CAO Peihong? ?SUN Chunmei? ?GE Weili

      Department of Cardiology,Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou? ?317000,China

      [Abstract] Objective To explore the impacts of the aerobic exercise on left ventricular structure, function and exercise tolerance of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) after radiofrequency ablation. Methods From January 2018 to February 2019, a total of 110 patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing radiofrequency ablation were randomly divided into the intervention group(n=55) and the control group(n=55). Two groups of patients were routinely anticoagulated with warfarin or low molecular weight heparin. Patients in the control group were given routine intervention measures after operation, while patients in the intervention group were given aerobic exercise intervention on the basis of the control group 3 days after operation, and both groups were intervened for 1 year. The changes of left ventricular structure, function and exercise tolerance indexes were observed three days after operation and 1 year after intervention, and the relapse rate of AF was compared between the two groups. Results After 1 year of intervention, the LAD levels of the two groups decreased significantly compared with those of 3 days after operation,and the LVEF level was significantly increased compared with that of 3 days after operation(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the decrease or increase range of the intervention group was more significant than that of the control group after 1 year of intervention(P<0.05). The 6 minutes walking tests of the two groups were significantly higher than those of 3 days after operation(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the increase of the intervention group was more significant than that of the control group after 1 year of intervention(P<0.05). Within 1 year of intervention, 4 patients(7.27%) in the intervention group and 12 patients (21.82%) in the control group relapsed, and the relapse rate of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of control group, with statistically significant difference(χ2=4.680, P<0.05). Conclusion Aerobic exercise not only improves the structure and function of left heart, but also increases exercise tolerance, and its long-term efficacy is also accurate, which reduces its relapse rate.

      [Key words] Atrial fibrillation; Radiofrequency ablation; Aerobic exercise; Left ventricular structure; Exercise tolerance; Relapse

      房顫(Atrial fibrillation,AF)是一種常見(jiàn)的室上性心律失常疾病,如不及時(shí)處理,其病情常反復(fù)發(fā)作會(huì)引起左心結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,影響患者的運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力及心功能異常[1-2]。射頻消融術(shù)是目前治療陣發(fā)性AF常用的治療方法,具有創(chuàng)傷輕微、術(shù)后恢復(fù)速度快和術(shù)后并發(fā)癥低等多種優(yōu)點(diǎn),已成為治療AF的首選方案[3-4]。但射頻消融術(shù)術(shù)后仍需進(jìn)行積極康復(fù)鍛煉逆轉(zhuǎn)左心結(jié)構(gòu)和功能異常,提高其運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力,改善其心功能。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)提高增強(qiáng)心血管系統(tǒng)功能具有積極的促進(jìn)作用,但其用于陣發(fā)性AF射頻消融術(shù)后國(guó)內(nèi)外報(bào)道較少[5-6]。本研究探討有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)陣發(fā)性AF射頻消融術(shù)后左心結(jié)構(gòu)、功能及運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力的影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

      1 資料與方法

      1.1 一般資料

      選取2018年1月至2019年2月我院心內(nèi)科住院治療的行射頻消融術(shù)的陣發(fā)性AF患者110例。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將110例患者分為干預(yù)組和對(duì)照組,每組各55例。兩組患者的性別、年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)和病程比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見(jiàn)表1。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7]:①符合歐洲心臟協(xié)會(huì)制定的陣發(fā)性AF診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8],均經(jīng)心電圖和(或)Holter證實(shí)為陣發(fā)性AF;②年齡35~70歲。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9]:①持續(xù)性房顫;左心房舒張末期內(nèi)徑>60 mm;②合并有瓣膜性心臟病、擴(kuò)張型心肌病和左心功能?chē)?yán)重障礙者;③甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)或酒精引起繼發(fā)性AF者。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),納入患者均簽署知情同意書(shū)。

      1.2 方法

      兩組患者術(shù)后均常規(guī)給予華法林鈉片(齊魯制藥有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H37021314,規(guī)格:2.5 mg/片)或低分子肝素(河北常山生化藥業(yè)股份有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20063910,規(guī)格:4100 IU)等抗凝治療。對(duì)照組患者術(shù)后給予心理安慰、認(rèn)知教育、適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉和心電圖檢測(cè)等常規(guī)干預(yù)措施。干預(yù)組患者術(shù)后3 d在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上加用有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù),以步行運(yùn)動(dòng)為主,選擇餐后1 h進(jìn)行,先緩慢步行5 min熱身,后進(jìn)行快步走0.5 h左右,結(jié)束后再緩慢步行5 min左右,3次/周,步行運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)注意監(jiān)測(cè)心率和呼吸困難指數(shù),如心率>160次/min或呼吸困難指數(shù)>4分,立即減緩步行速度或停止運(yùn)動(dòng)。兩組均干預(yù)1年。

      1.3 觀察指標(biāo)

      觀察兩組患者術(shù)后3 d和術(shù)后1年左心結(jié)構(gòu)、功能和運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力指標(biāo)的變化,并比較AF的復(fù)發(fā)率。

      1.3.1 左心結(jié)構(gòu)和功能指標(biāo)評(píng)估[10]? 采用西門(mén)子SC2000心臟彩超測(cè)量左心房?jī)?nèi)徑(Left atrial diameter,LAD)和左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(Left ventri cular ejection fraction,LVEF)。

      1.3.2 運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力指標(biāo)評(píng)估[5]? 采用6 min步行試驗(yàn)評(píng)估其運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力。6 min步行試驗(yàn)是要求患者在平直走廊里盡可能快地行走,測(cè)定6 min的步行距離,其正常值>550 m。

      1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

      采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件處理數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料用[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1 兩組術(shù)后3 d和干預(yù)1年后左心結(jié)構(gòu)和功能指標(biāo)比較

      術(shù)后3 d兩組患者LAD和LVEF水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。干預(yù)1年后,兩組LAD水平均較術(shù)后3 d明顯下降,LVEF水平較術(shù)后3 d明顯上升,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)1年后干預(yù)組下降或上升幅度較對(duì)照組更顯著,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。

      2.2 兩組術(shù)后3 d和干預(yù)1年后運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力指標(biāo)比較

      術(shù)后3 d兩組患者6 min步行試驗(yàn)比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。干預(yù)1年后,兩組患者6 min步行試驗(yàn)較術(shù)后3 d明顯上升,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)1年后干預(yù)組上升幅度高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。

      2.3 兩組干預(yù)1年內(nèi)AF的復(fù)發(fā)率比較

      干預(yù)1年內(nèi),干預(yù)組患者復(fù)發(fā)4例(7.27%),對(duì)照組患者復(fù)發(fā)12例(21.82%),干預(yù)組患者的復(fù)發(fā)率明顯低于對(duì)照組(χ2=4.680,P<0.05)。

      3 討論

      AF是心內(nèi)科中最常見(jiàn)的心律失常疾病,是指心肌喪失正常有規(guī)律的舒縮活動(dòng),代之以快速而不協(xié)調(diào)的微弱蠕動(dòng),致使心房失去正常的有效收縮,較快的心率可達(dá)350~600次/min,這種快速的心率會(huì)使患者產(chǎn)生不同程度的心悸、胸悶和氣短等臨床癥狀,其中陣發(fā)性較多見(jiàn)。隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)其發(fā)生率也逐漸增加,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)75歲以上人群的發(fā)病率高達(dá)10%[11]。由于AF患者常伴隨出現(xiàn)血管栓塞、心臟功能衰竭等多種并發(fā)癥,對(duì)患者的身體健康造成較大的威脅,臨床死亡率和致殘率均較高,早期轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)成為竇性心律并予以長(zhǎng)期維持是治療AF的最終目的[12]。射頻消融術(shù)是目前治療陣發(fā)性AF常用的微創(chuàng)手段,術(shù)中將電極導(dǎo)管經(jīng)靜脈或動(dòng)脈血管送入心腔的特定部位,釋放射頻電流導(dǎo)致局部心內(nèi)膜及心內(nèi)膜下心肌凝固性壞死,達(dá)到阻斷快速心律失常異常傳導(dǎo)束和起源點(diǎn)的介入性技術(shù),近年來(lái)已廣泛用于臨床,并取得了較好的效果[13-14]。但由于陣發(fā)性AF患者予以射頻消融術(shù)治療后仍有一定的復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),且陣發(fā)性AF患者行射頻消融術(shù)前常存在心臟結(jié)構(gòu)和功能異常,運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力和心功能等問(wèn)題[15-16]。因此,對(duì)陣發(fā)性AF射頻消融術(shù)后患者仍需予以積極干預(yù)改善其心臟結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,提高其運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力,降低其復(fù)發(fā)率。

      有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)是指人體在氧氣充分供應(yīng)的情況下進(jìn)行的強(qiáng)度低且富韻律性的運(yùn)動(dòng),具有強(qiáng)度低、有節(jié)奏和持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的特點(diǎn)。有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)心率保持在150次/min左右,此時(shí)血液可以供給心肌足夠的氧氣。這種有氧鍛煉氧氣能充分燃燒(即氧化)體內(nèi)的糖分,還不僅可消耗體內(nèi)脂肪,而且對(duì)患者的呼吸、循環(huán)和心理狀態(tài)功能的改善有一定的幫助作用,有助于改善患者的機(jī)體體能,尤其對(duì)增強(qiáng)心血管系統(tǒng)功能具有積極的促進(jìn)作用,其特點(diǎn)為低強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)合穩(wěn)定快速心率可有效提高運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力、心肺功能,加快血液循環(huán),是增強(qiáng)心肌功能有助于患者康復(fù)的重要手段[17-19]。Everett等[20]研究顯示,堅(jiān)持長(zhǎng)期低強(qiáng)度的有氧鍛煉可以降低房顫的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,干預(yù)1年后,干預(yù)組LAD水平較術(shù)后3 d下降幅度,LVEF水平較術(shù)后3 d上升幅度較對(duì)照組更顯著;同時(shí)干預(yù)組患者6 min步行試驗(yàn)較術(shù)后3 d上升幅度較對(duì)照組更顯著。提示有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)用于陣發(fā)性AF射頻消融術(shù)后患者不僅可改善左心結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,而且可提高運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力。同時(shí)研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)干預(yù)1年內(nèi),干預(yù)組患者復(fù)發(fā)率明顯低于對(duì)照組。提示有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)用于陣發(fā)性AF射頻消融術(shù)后患者遠(yuǎn)期效果亦較確切,能降低其復(fù)發(fā)率。本研究有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)方式選擇步行運(yùn)動(dòng),相對(duì)于其他有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)方式有適用人群廣、安全系數(shù)較高、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低,治療依從性較高等優(yōu)勢(shì)。

      綜上所述,有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)用于陣發(fā)性AF射頻消融術(shù)后患者不僅可改善左心結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,而且可提高運(yùn)動(dòng)耐力,其遠(yuǎn)期效果亦較確切,能降低其復(fù)發(fā)率。但本研究納入的病例數(shù)偏少且觀察時(shí)間偏短,必要時(shí)需增加病例數(shù)及延長(zhǎng)觀察時(shí)間進(jìn)行深入研究探討。

      [參考文獻(xiàn)]

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      (收稿日期:2020-08-25)

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