[摘要] 目的
探討乳癌病人血清可溶性人B7同源體3(sB7-H3)表達(dá)及其臨床意義。
方法 采用ELISA法,檢測(cè)106例乳癌病人(乳癌組)和43例健康體檢者(健康組)血清中sB7-H3表達(dá),并分析乳癌病人血清sB7-H3表達(dá)與病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系。
結(jié)果 乳癌組血清sB7-H3表達(dá)明顯高于健康組,差異有顯著意義(t=8.530,Plt;0.01);血清sB7-H3最佳診斷截?cái)嘀禐?1.73 μg/L。單因素分析顯示,血清中sB7-H3表達(dá)與乳癌病人術(shù)后的病理分期(pTNM)、是否有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移以及腫瘤浸潤(rùn)淋巴細(xì)胞表達(dá)高低有關(guān)(t=-2.219~2.067,Plt;0.05),而與腫瘤大小、組織學(xué)分級(jí)、分子分型等無(wú)關(guān)(Pgt;0.05)。
結(jié)論 血清sB7-H3可能成為篩選乳癌的重要腫瘤標(biāo)志物,高表達(dá)的血清sB7-H3可能與乳癌預(yù)后不良有關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 乳房腫瘤;sB7-H3;血清;診斷;病理學(xué),臨床
[中圖分類號(hào)] R737.9
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A
[文章編號(hào)] 2096-5532(2021)03-0361-04
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2021.57.087
[開(kāi)放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID)]
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20210426.1111.003.html;2021-04-26 16:17:22
EXPRESSION OF SERUM SOLUBLE HUMAN B7 HOMOLOG 3 AND ITS CLINICAL VALUE IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
YU Chao, ZHOU Xiaofeng, L Zhidong, MAO Yan, HAN Qingxin, WU Li
(Breast Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China)
[ABSTRACT]Objective To investigate the expression of serum soluble human B7 homolog 3 (sB7-H3) and its clinical va-
lue in breast cancer patients.
Methods ELISA was used to measure the expression of sB7-H3 in the serum of 106 breast cancer patients (breast cancer group) and 43 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination (healthy group), and the association between serum sB7-H3 expression and pathological parameters was analyzed for breast cancer patients.
Results The breast can-
cer group had significantly higher expression of serum sB7-H3 than the healthy group (t=8.530,Plt;0.01), and the optimal cut-off value for diagnosis was 21.73 μg/L. The univariate analysis showed that the expression of sB7-H3 in serum was associated with postoperative pathological staging, presence or absence of lymph node metastasis, and expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (t=-2.219 to 2.067,Plt;0.05), while it was not associated with tumor size, histological grade, and molecular typing (Pgt;0.05).
Conclusion Serum sB7-H3 is expected to become an important tumor marker for breast cancer screening, and highly expressed serum sB7-H3 may be associated with the poor prognosis of breast cancer.
[KEY WORDS]breast neoplasms; sB7-H3; serum; diagnosis; pathology, clinical
目前,乳癌已成為全球女性癌癥死亡的第二大原因[1],并占全球女性癌癥病例總數(shù)的1/4[2]。在中國(guó),乳癌的致死人數(shù)逐年增加,已成為導(dǎo)致45歲以下女性死亡的主要原因和發(fā)病率較高的女性疾病[3-5]。乳癌早期診斷不理想[6]。近幾年研究發(fā)現(xiàn),血清中可溶性人B7同源體3(sB7-H3)在多種癌癥病人中異常高表達(dá)[7-9],并與腫瘤惡性進(jìn)展和預(yù)后密切相關(guān)[10-11]。sB7-H3對(duì)于癌癥診斷和預(yù)后評(píng)價(jià)可能有重要價(jià)值。本研究探討乳癌病人血清中sB7-H3表達(dá)及其臨床意義,為乳癌早期診斷提供依據(jù)。
1 資料和方法
1.1 對(duì)象與分組
2018年8月—2019年4月,選取我院收治乳癌病人106例作為研究對(duì)象(乳癌組),均為女性。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①自愿參加本次研究;②病歷及術(shù)后病理資料完整;③穿刺及術(shù)后病理診斷為浸潤(rùn)性乳癌。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①伴有其他惡性腫瘤、自身免疫系統(tǒng)疾病和炎癥性疾病;②術(shù)前有新輔助治療史;③近3個(gè)月有藥物應(yīng)用史。以同期來(lái)我院體檢中心體檢的健康者43例作為對(duì)照組,所有對(duì)象均為女性。乳癌組病人年齡25~76歲,平均(53.42±10.26)歲;對(duì)照組年齡為19~62歲,平均(44.53±11.28)歲。本文研究取得醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)和病人知情同意,并簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2 檢測(cè)指標(biāo)及方法
采集受檢者清晨空腹靜脈血5 mL,靜置0.5 h后,以3 000 r/min離心5 min,取血清并將其保存于-80 ℃冰箱內(nèi)備用。應(yīng)用ELISA法測(cè)定標(biāo)本中sB7-H3表達(dá),試劑盒購(gòu)自江蘇寶萊生物科技有限公司,操作參照說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
使用SPSS 21.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料數(shù)據(jù)以±s表示,兩組數(shù)據(jù)間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多組數(shù)據(jù)間比較采用單因素方差分析。采用Med Calc 19.0.2軟件繪制ROC曲線。以Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)" 果
2.1 兩組血清sB7-H3表達(dá)比較
乳癌組、對(duì)照組血清sB7-H3表達(dá)量分別為(26.27±4.21)、(19.44±4.91) μg/L,兩組比較差異有顯著性(t=8.530,Plt;0.01)。
2.2 血清中sB7-H3表達(dá)篩選乳癌的最佳截?cái)嘀?/p>
ROC曲線分析顯示,曲線下面積為0.854(95%CI=0.787~0.907,Plt;0.01); 最佳診斷截?cái)嘀禐?1.73 μg/L,靈敏度為84.0%,特異度為76.7%,約登指數(shù)0.607。即以血清sB7-H3水平21.73 μg/L作為區(qū)分乳癌和健康人的篩選界值時(shí),診斷價(jià)值最高。見(jiàn)圖1。
2.3 乳癌病人sB7-H3表達(dá)與臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系
pTNM分期較高(Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期)的乳癌病人血清中sB7-H3表達(dá)高于分期較低乳癌病人(Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-2.219,Plt;0.05)。淋巴結(jié)有轉(zhuǎn)移的病人血清sB7-H3明顯高于無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移病人,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-2.205,Plt;0.05)。腫瘤浸潤(rùn)淋巴細(xì)胞(TILS)≤5%的病人sB7-H3表達(dá)高于TILSgt;5%的病人,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=2.067,Plt;0.05)。而腫瘤大小、組織學(xué)分級(jí)、分子分型等病理特征與sB7-H3表達(dá)無(wú)關(guān)(Pgt;0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
3 討" 論
近年來(lái),人們致力于與腫瘤的診斷和預(yù)后評(píng)價(jià)具有較高臨床相關(guān)性的血液生物標(biāo)志物研究[12]。B7-H3為一種表達(dá)于人體各類免疫細(xì)胞膜上的Ⅰ型跨膜蛋白,愈來(lái)愈多研究證實(shí)其具有免疫相關(guān)作用[13]。對(duì)B7-H3生物學(xué)功能的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),B7-H3在調(diào)節(jié)T細(xì)胞活化過(guò)程同時(shí)具有共刺激和共抑制作用[14-16];同時(shí)有研究顯示,B7-H3在特異性和非特異性免疫調(diào)節(jié)中均具有重要意義[17]。但B7-H3的作用機(jī)制仍不明確。有研究顯示,B7-H3與T細(xì)胞上的髓樣細(xì)胞(TREM-)樣轉(zhuǎn)錄物(TLT-2)分子上表達(dá)的受體結(jié)合可增強(qiáng)T細(xì)胞增殖、細(xì)胞因子產(chǎn)生和細(xì)胞毒性[18]。但這一觀點(diǎn)并沒(méi)有被普遍接受。一些研究人員認(rèn)為,T細(xì)胞上可能有其他潛在受體[19-20]。B7-H3抑制T細(xì)胞活化的相關(guān)機(jī)制尚需進(jìn)一步研究。
有研究顯示,B7-H3在人體體液中的可溶性形式sB7-H3能夠與B7-H3受體結(jié)合。正常人血清,甚至人的成骨細(xì)胞和骨髓基質(zhì)細(xì)胞的上清液和前列腺分泌物中均可檢測(cè)到sB7-H3的表達(dá)[21-22],多種疾病病人體內(nèi)檢測(cè)到sB7-H3表達(dá)水平與健康人群不同[23]。對(duì)于sB7-H3的來(lái)源,絕大多數(shù)研究認(rèn)為,其是通過(guò)基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(MMP)切割單核細(xì)胞、樹(shù)突細(xì)胞、活化的T細(xì)胞和腫瘤細(xì)胞細(xì)胞膜上的B7-H3而釋放出來(lái),其支持證據(jù)是MMP抑制劑能夠增強(qiáng)B7-H3在細(xì)胞膜上的表達(dá)[21]。
關(guān)于sB7-H3的生物學(xué)功能,有研究認(rèn)為在腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中,外周血中的游離sB7-H3可以競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性地與T細(xì)胞表面上的B7-H3受體結(jié)合,阻斷B7-H3的T細(xì)胞活化作用,從而具有與B7-H3相反的免疫調(diào)節(jié)功能[24-25]。CHEN等[9]研究結(jié)果顯示,剪切型sB7-H3能夠抑制T細(xì)胞增殖,減少細(xì)胞因子的分泌。
而XIE等[12]研究結(jié)果證明,sB7-H3通過(guò)TLR4/NF-κB途徑促進(jìn)胰腺癌細(xì)胞的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移。提示sB7-H3可能與人體免疫調(diào)節(jié)有關(guān),并可能在腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,乳癌組血清sB7-H3表達(dá)明顯高于健康組,提示血清sB7-H3檢測(cè)可作為乳癌篩選和輔助診斷的潛在標(biāo)志物;同時(shí)對(duì)血清sB7-H3與臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系分析顯示,血清中sB7-H3表達(dá)與乳癌病人pTNM分期、是否有淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移以及TILS表達(dá)高低等有關(guān),而與年齡、腫瘤大小及組織學(xué)分級(jí)等無(wú)關(guān),sB7-H3高表達(dá)可能提示乳癌分期更高,預(yù)后更差。
大量研究認(rèn)為,TILS是人體對(duì)腫瘤抗原進(jìn)行免疫反應(yīng)的標(biāo)志,其具有潛在預(yù)測(cè)乳癌病人預(yù)后的價(jià)值[26-27]。尤其在三陰性與Her-2陽(yáng)性乳癌病灶中TILS浸潤(rùn)程度較高,可能與這兩種類型腫瘤的免疫原性相對(duì)較高有關(guān)[28]。值得注意的是,本研究結(jié)果顯示,血清sB7-H3表達(dá)與乳癌組織中TILS水平有關(guān),提示sB7-H3可能參與調(diào)節(jié)T細(xì)胞對(duì)乳癌腫瘤細(xì)胞的免疫反應(yīng),并有可能抑制T細(xì)胞活化,這與SUN等[25]研究結(jié)果類似。此外有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),MMP除可能參與切割mB7-H3產(chǎn)生sB7-H3,還介導(dǎo)組成腫瘤微環(huán)境的細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的降解,使乳癌組織間質(zhì)中T細(xì)胞穿透細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)形成的屏障,促進(jìn)其免疫活性[29],提示血清sB7-H3可能與腫瘤浸潤(rùn)微環(huán)境形成存在某種聯(lián)系。其具體作用機(jī)制需要進(jìn)一步研究。
綜上所述,sB7-H3在乳癌病人中高表達(dá),具有成為篩查乳癌血清標(biāo)志物的良好前景;sB7-H3與乳癌病人術(shù)后病理參數(shù)存在密切相關(guān)性,提示其具有預(yù)測(cè)乳癌病人臨床預(yù)后的潛力。sB7-H3可能通過(guò)抑制B7-H3對(duì)T細(xì)胞的活化功能,促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的免疫逃逸,其具體機(jī)制尚需進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)。
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(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))