鄒林華 鄒順發(fā)
摘 要:該研究對(duì)比分析了不同林分、坡位對(duì)陽(yáng)春砂生長(zhǎng)量、生物量分配及干濕比的影響。結(jié)果表明:不同林分對(duì)陽(yáng)春砂地徑和株高生長(zhǎng)具有顯著影響,其中香樟林下坡和中坡分別最有利于陽(yáng)春砂的地徑和株高生長(zhǎng);不同林分對(duì)不同生長(zhǎng)期陽(yáng)春砂生物量生長(zhǎng)的影響不同,杉木林分最有利于幼齡和壯齡陽(yáng)春砂濕生物量和干生物量的生長(zhǎng),而香樟最有利于老齡陽(yáng)春砂生物量的生長(zhǎng)。林分環(huán)境對(duì)幼齡根干濕比和莖干濕比具有一定影響,而對(duì)壯齡陽(yáng)春砂干濕比的影響不大。
關(guān)鍵詞:陽(yáng)春砂;不同林分;不同坡位;生長(zhǎng)情況
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào) S79文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A文章編號(hào) 1007-7731(2021)03-0043-03
Analysis on Growth of Amomum villosum from Different Stands and Slope Positions
ZOU Linhua
(Fujian Hua′ an Jinshan National Forest Farm, Hua′ an 363803, China)
Abstract: Comparative analysis on increment, biomass and ratio of wet and dry biomass of Amomum villosum interplanted in different stands and slope positions was conducted. The results showed that different stands had significant effect on the growth of ground diameter and plant height of A. villosum under different types of stands, among which the lower slope and middle slope of Cinnamomum camphora stand were the best for the growth of ground diameter and plant height of A. villosum, respectively. Different stands had different effects on biomass growth of A. villosum, and Cunninghamia lanceolata stand was most conducive to the growth of wet biomass and dry biomass of A. villosum in juvenile and vigorous ages, while C. camphora stand was most conducive to the biomass growth of A. villosum in old age. Stand environment had a certain impact on ratio of wet and dry biomass of young root and stem and had little impact on ratio of wet and dry biomass of strong-age Amomum villosum.
Key words: Amomum villosum; Different stand; Different slope position; Growth situation
陽(yáng)春砂仁又名春砂仁,是草本植物陽(yáng)春砂(Amomum villosum Lour.)的成熟果實(shí)[1]。陽(yáng)春砂仁作為我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)中藥和食物佐料,已有1000多年的利用歷史,目前國(guó)內(nèi)陽(yáng)春砂仁的年銷(xiāo)售量達(dá)2300t以上[2-4]。其種植是典型的林藥套種模式[5],作為林下藥材的陽(yáng)春砂對(duì)林分環(huán)境有著重要的依賴(lài)性,林分環(huán)境往往會(huì)對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生了直接影響,但有關(guān)不同林分環(huán)境對(duì)陽(yáng)春砂生長(zhǎng)影響的研究還鮮見(jiàn)報(bào)道。為此,本試驗(yàn)以不同林分、不同坡位種植的陽(yáng)春砂為研究對(duì)象,調(diào)查分析不同生境下陽(yáng)春砂的生長(zhǎng)表現(xiàn)、生物量分配及干濕比情況,旨在為陽(yáng)春砂栽培提供理論依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)地概況 試驗(yàn)在漳州市金山國(guó)有林場(chǎng)金山工區(qū),坐標(biāo)為北緯24°46′、東經(jīng)117°31′。屬南亞熱帶海洋性氣候,年平均氣溫20.8℃,年均降水量1448~2023mm,年平均相對(duì)濕度約78%。
1.2 供試材料 試驗(yàn)地為巨尾桉(Eucalyptus grandis×E. urophylla)純林、香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)純林、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)純林和杉木-紅錐(Castanopsis hystrix)混交林,土壤以紅壤為主,土層較厚,凋落物層中厚,生態(tài)環(huán)境相近。
1.3 試驗(yàn)方法 2018年,分別在上述林分的不同坡位有代表性地段打標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地(20m×20m)用以采集林分環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)(見(jiàn)表1)。每個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地內(nèi)設(shè)置3個(gè)1m×1m小樣方,調(diào)查樣方內(nèi)砂仁株數(shù)、地徑及株高。分幼株、成熟株、老株記錄,各挖取3株測(cè)量葉、莖、根各部位濕重及干重,測(cè)定生物生長(zhǎng)量。
1.4 生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)測(cè)定 (1)生長(zhǎng)量:用游標(biāo)卡尺在貼近地面處測(cè)量地徑,用卷尺測(cè)量陽(yáng)春砂株高。(2)干濕重:測(cè)定不同林分下幼齡、壯齡和老齡的陽(yáng)春砂的根、莖、葉、果等各部位的鮮重重,以及烘干后各部位的干重。幼苗長(zhǎng)出至高生長(zhǎng)停止定義為幼齡(1~2年),高生長(zhǎng)停止至葉片開(kāi)始枯黃定義為壯齡(3~5年),葉片枯黃、結(jié)果急速下降定義為老齡(6年以上)。
1.5 數(shù)據(jù)分析 采用Excel 2007進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析及圖表制作,其中多重比較采用鄧肯氏。