李說
萊陽地處山東半島中部,這里氣候宜人,四季分明,獨特的沃土流水,使盛產(chǎn)的萊陽梨聞名于世。不僅如此,這里還占山田河海之利,居膠東腹地要沖,為歷代兵家重鎮(zhèn),民有尚武習(xí)武之風(fēng)。凝聚著萊陽人民智慧和精神的螳螂拳,歷經(jīng)300多年近10代傳人的承傳、篩選、提煉、創(chuàng)新,已成為最能體現(xiàn)萊陽傳統(tǒng)體育競技風(fēng)貌和特點的文化結(jié)晶。2006年,螳螂拳列入第二批國家級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄;2011年,棲霞市擴(kuò)展為螳螂拳的重要傳承地。此外,海陽、牟平、芝罘等地的螳螂拳亦源遠(yuǎn)流長,久盛不衰。
螳螂拳是中國著名的傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)流派,象形拳的一種,也是首批被國家體育總局武術(shù)運動管理中心列入系統(tǒng)研究整理的傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)九大流派之一。螳螂拳的形成凝聚著明末清初眾多武術(shù)流派之長,是膠東大地孕育培養(yǎng)的武術(shù)奇葩。
螳螂拳是一套形意拳法,長短兼?zhèn)?、攻防結(jié)合,以實戰(zhàn)性和兇猛性而著稱,在武術(shù)各種拳類中具有顯著的獨特風(fēng)格。螳螂拳發(fā)展至今,已經(jīng)形成太極螳螂拳、梅花螳螂拳、七星螳螂拳、六合螳螂拳、八步螳螂拳等多種流派,各有不同的技擊特點、形法要求、理論系統(tǒng)、演練套路以及師承體系,儼然成為膠東第一大拳種。
螳螂拳在中國武術(shù)界具有重要地位,被國家體委命名為中國十大拳種之一,規(guī)定比賽套路之一。螳螂拳是膠東歷史文化沉淀的結(jié)晶,是中華民族尚武精神的載體。挖掘、整理、研究螳螂拳,從中汲取營養(yǎng),對發(fā)展民族武術(shù)和弘揚(yáng)中華傳統(tǒng)文化都有極為重要的意義。
螳螂拳在各個歷史時期,特別是在抗戰(zhàn)時期發(fā)揮了重要作用。萊陽國術(shù)館館長李昆山在全國國術(shù)國考中名列長兵器第一名,獲銀盾獎之后,在任西北軍武術(shù)教官期間,其訓(xùn)練的大刀隊在西北抗日戰(zhàn)場上,英勇驍戰(zhàn),戰(zhàn)功赫赫。
作為傳統(tǒng)文化的載體,螳螂拳在延續(xù)傳統(tǒng)文化血脈,豐富人們精神文化生活,提升強(qiáng)身健體、護(hù)己制敵、保家衛(wèi)國本領(lǐng),發(fā)揮聯(lián)絡(luò)情感、慶賀節(jié)日、尚禮重義的教化作用等方面,都具有不可替代的作用。
螳螂拳不愧是膠東傳統(tǒng)文化的奇葩,中華民族傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)的瑰寶。
Situated in the center of Shandong Peninsula, Laiyang enjoys a favorable climate and four distinct seasons. The unique fertile soil and running water make Laiyang pears famous in the world. In addition, it has advantageous mountains, farmlands, rivers and seas and constitutes the hub of the hinterland of Jiaodong with military importance in different dynasties and people in love of martial arts. As an epitome of the wisdom and spirit of Laiyang people, the mantis boxing has been inherited, selected, refined and innovated by nearly ten generations for over 300 years and become a cultural consummation that can best reflect the mien and characteristic of the traditional sports in Laiyang. In 2006, the mantis boxing was selected among the second group of national-level intangible cultural heritages. In 2011, Qixia City was extended to be an important place of inheritance for the mantis boxing. On top of it, the mantis boxing is also well-established and thriving in Haiyang, Muping and Zhifu.