洛杉磯會(huì)展中心過(guò)載管理案例，加利福尼亞，美國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：美國(guó)SmithGroup建筑設(shè)計(jì)公司

美國(guó)SmithGroup 建筑設(shè)計(jì)公司受洛杉磯市長(zhǎng)之邀參與改造計(jì)劃——將洛杉磯會(huì)展中心改造成擁有2600 張病床的“醫(yī)院減壓場(chǎng)”以供新冠患者使用。該中心是該市抗疫戰(zhàn)略的一部分：隨著新冠病毒病例的增加，對(duì)醫(yī)院床位的需求將會(huì)激增。

美國(guó)SmithGroup 建筑設(shè)計(jì)公司所召集了一支由十多名醫(yī)療規(guī)劃人員、建筑師和工程師組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)，為這個(gè)偌大的空間制定推測(cè)性平面圖。隨后，該團(tuán)隊(duì)迅速制定計(jì)劃，打造最大容量的輕度患者護(hù)理機(jī)構(gòu)，可容納新冠肺炎呈陽(yáng)性和陰性的輕度患者，并建立門(mén)診檢測(cè)中心，為重度患者騰出醫(yī)院床位。在不到24 小時(shí)內(nèi)，事務(wù)所便為1246 張床位、分診區(qū)、清潔區(qū)/入口區(qū)、急救護(hù)理區(qū)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)供給區(qū)、家庭空間、員工休息室和運(yùn)輸入口區(qū)提供了場(chǎng)地及空間規(guī)劃研究與平面圖，并對(duì)電氣和暖通空調(diào)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行考量以控制建筑內(nèi)部的病毒傳播。

最終的方案是在兩個(gè)主要的展廳內(nèi)放置1086張床，每張床間隔約1.8m（6ft），以床頭對(duì)床頭的方式布置，中間隔有約1.5m（5ft）的走道，加上周長(zhǎng)為約3m（10ft）寬的對(duì)外通道。位于加州海峽群島的美國(guó)空軍國(guó)民警衛(wèi)隊(duì)第146 空運(yùn)聯(lián)隊(duì)用了短短48 小時(shí)為該中心配置了床位和設(shè)備，并交由美國(guó)衛(wèi)生與公共服務(wù)部運(yùn)營(yíng)。這座野戰(zhàn)醫(yī)院旨在為癥狀較輕的新冠病患提供服務(wù)，也承擔(dān)了隔離中心的角色以安置急診出院后的新冠康復(fù)患者，同時(shí)為出院后無(wú)處可去但仍需隔離的人們提供基礎(chǔ)護(hù)理服務(wù)。（王單單 譯）

1 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view

2 平面/Plan

3 概況/Summary

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: City of Los Angeles

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Francisco Owens

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Vince Avallone, Wayne Barger, Cindy Beckham, Heather Chung, Brenna Costello, Shant Der-Torossian, Keith Garratt, Chai Jayachandran, Ann Kenyon, Bonnie Khang-Keating, Joon Kim, Mike Medici, Jamie Newton, Francisco Owens, Don Posson, Matt Richter, Pema Wanqzome, Andrew Brown, Lana Chan, Russell Garratt, Kevin Kresser, James Newton

項(xiàng)目面積/Project Area: 92,903 m2(1,000,000 ft2)

建筑面積/Floor Area: 74,322 m2(800,000 ft2)

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2020.03.26

建設(shè)周期/Construction Period: 2020.03-04

完工時(shí)間/Completion Time: 2020.04

繪圖/Drawings: Francisco Owens

SmithGroup was engaged by the Mayor of Los Angeles to help plan the conversion of the Los Angeles Convention Centre into a 2600-bed "hospital decompression site" for COVID-19 patients. The facility is part of a strategy to prepare the city for an expected surge in demand for hospital beds as the number of new coronavirus cases swelled.

SmithGroup pulled together a team of more than a dozen medical planners, architects and engineers to develop speculative test-fit plans for the massive space. The team then worked quickly to develop plans for a maximum capacity, low-acuity care facility that could be used to care for both lowacuity COVID-19 positive and negative patients, as well as a walk-up testing site, freeing up needed hospital beds for high acuity patients. In less than 24 hours, SmithGroup provided a site and spatial planning study and test-fit for a 1246-bed layout, triage, decon/intake, critical care, nourishment, family space, staff respite, and transport intake, as well as electrical and HVAC considerations, to control the spread of the virus within the building.

4 床位布局/Bed layout

5 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)48床單元布局/Typical 48-bed unit layout

6 流線圖示A/Flow diagram A

7 流線圖示B/Flow diagram B

The final plan places 1086 beds in the two major exhibit halls, with beds separated by 6ft (1.8m) in a head-to-head configuration with and 5ft (1.5m) aisles between and a 10-foot (3m) wide circulation corridor around the perimetre. Over the course of 48 hours, the facility was outfitted with beds and equipment by Airmen from the National Guard's 146th Airlift Wing out of the Channel Islands Air National Guard Station, and will be operated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The field hospital is intended to be used for COVID-19 patients with less symptoms or lower symptoms, as well as a possible quarantine centre for recovering coronavirus patients after they are released from acute-care, and non-licensed care to patients, who may not have a place to go after they are released from the hospital, but still need to remain in isolation.

8 交流大廳模型A床位布局（160床）/Concourse Hall Module A bed layout (160 beds)

9 交流大廳模型B床位布局（261床）/Concourse Hall Module B Bed layout (261 beds)

10 佩特里大廳（88隔間）/Petree Hall (88 cubicles)