營(yíng)地與類(lèi)營(yíng)地環(huán)境的新冠肺炎自我隔離設(shè)施，尼日利亞

設(shè)計(jì)：醫(yī)療技術(shù)科學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

項(xiàng)目意在體現(xiàn)新冠肺炎自我隔離設(shè)施的核心目標(biāo)，以及它作為營(yíng)地和類(lèi)營(yíng)地環(huán)境中防護(hù)系統(tǒng)的功能，從而支持政府收納在疫情爆發(fā)的應(yīng)對(duì)策略下面臨人道主義危機(jī)的人群的工作。

在北半球，無(wú)癥狀和中微癥患者的隔離通常是居家進(jìn)行的。而南半球的大部分國(guó)家，尤其是在國(guó)內(nèi)無(wú)家者營(yíng)地、非正式的聚集地和難民營(yíng)等脆弱的環(huán)境中，實(shí)行隔離的困難會(huì)更多。因?yàn)槟抢锏尼t(yī)療設(shè)施和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施條件明顯不足，但這對(duì)于預(yù)防疾病傳播是不可或缺的，否則在過(guò)度擁擠和密集的建成環(huán)境中控制疫情會(huì)更加困難。由醫(yī)療技術(shù)科學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)提出的這個(gè)設(shè)施方案將設(shè)在主營(yíng)地附近，為新來(lái)的病患提供安全、有防控措施、給人尊嚴(yán)和舒適的自我隔離條件。其目的是：

（1）限制人與人之間的傳播，減少密切接觸者與醫(yī)護(hù)工作者之間的二次感染，避免疫情傳播范圍的擴(kuò)大，加強(qiáng)醫(yī)療設(shè)施建設(shè)；

（2）確認(rèn)早期感染者，并進(jìn)行優(yōu)化護(hù)理；

（3）將關(guān)鍵風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和信息傳達(dá)給所有群體，打擊不實(shí)信息。

隔離區(qū)的大型居住區(qū)包含若干由5 個(gè)單元（最多可住兩人）和兩個(gè)雙聯(lián)單元（最多可住4 人）組成的獨(dú)立建筑群。每個(gè)單元都有一個(gè)廚房角、盥洗室和淋浴設(shè)施、床鋪，以及面向中央庭院的戶(hù)外小平臺(tái)。單元之間由矮柵欄隔開(kāi)，既保持視覺(jué)上的聯(lián)系又保證必要的社交距離。

這個(gè)特殊的項(xiàng)目支持要求是國(guó)際移民組織提出的，并最終促成了尼日利亞?wèn)|北部自我隔離設(shè)施的建設(shè)。（尚晉 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credit and Data

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: T?chne

建筑面積/Floor Area: 4200 m2

攝影/Photos: IOM

1 營(yíng)地圖示/Camp diagram

2 外景/Exterior view

This project is intended to describe the core objective of a COVID-19 Self-quarantine facility and its functioning as protective and preventive system for camps and camp-like setting. supporting governments in including people affected by humanitarian crises within the outbreak readiness and response strategies.

In the Global nor th, quarantine for asymptomatic individuals and mild, moderate cases is generally carried out at home. In most Global South countries, and especially in fragile contexts such as IDP Camps, informal settlements and refugee camps, quarantine is more difficult to carry out because of an obvious lack of facilities and infrastructures, but necessary in order to avoid the spread of the disease which would then prove even more difficult to be contained in an overcrowded and dense built environment. The facility proposed by T?chne was meant to be placed next to the main camps in order to allows a safe, controlled, dignified and comfortable self-quarantine for new arrivals in order to:

(a) limit human to human transmission, including reducing secondary infections among close contacts and healthcare workers, preventing transmission amplification events, strengthening health facilities;

(b) identify and provide optimised care for infected patients early;

(c) communicate critical risk and information to all communities, and counter misinformation.

The large residential sector of the quarantine area consists in a series of clusters of independent structures containing five single units (hosting up to two people) and two double units (hosting up to four people). Each unit includes a cooking corner, latrine and shower facilities, bed, and small outside terrace that opens up towards the central courtyard, and is separated from other units by a low fence allowing visual communication while providing required distancing.

This specific support request was submitted by the International Organisation for Migration which finally launched the construction of the selfquarantine facility in the Northeast of Nigeria.

3 醫(yī)療分解軸測(cè)/Exploded axonometric (medical)

4 住宅分解軸測(cè)/Exploded axonometric (residential)

5 施工過(guò)程/Construction process

6 施工過(guò)程/Construction process

7 小屋首層平面及剖面/Small house ground floor plan and sections

8 首層平面/Ground floor plan