應(yīng)對(duì)新冠疫情的德爾馬醫(yī)院改造，巴塞羅那，西班牙

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：Pinearq建筑設(shè)計(jì)集團(tuán)

德爾馬醫(yī)院所在的城市地塊，還容納著龐培法布拉大學(xué)德爾馬校區(qū)、巴塞羅那生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究園區(qū)（PRBB）和一個(gè)市政體育中心。這個(gè)大型街區(qū)被設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)健康科學(xué)集群，旨在將醫(yī)院與教學(xué)科研機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)系在一起，聚集所有塑造著醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生發(fā)展的要素。

這家醫(yī)院作為巴塞羅那認(rèn)證醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的一員，需要應(yīng)對(duì)因突發(fā)的新冠肺炎疫情而激增的住院與重癥監(jiān)護(hù)（ICU）床位需求。在2020 年4 月，新冠疫情的高峰期，醫(yī)院將全部資源投入至新冠肺炎的治療當(dāng)中。這家擁有532 個(gè)床位與約40 個(gè)ICU 床位的醫(yī)院，被要求在兩周時(shí)間內(nèi)為半危重癥患者提供190 張床位。

德爾馬醫(yī)院制定了一項(xiàng)應(yīng)急計(jì)劃，通過靈活的建筑設(shè)計(jì)和具有凝聚力的城市組織，對(duì)內(nèi)部進(jìn)行重組并擴(kuò)展至鄰近的建筑，這與易地?cái)U(kuò)建的策略相反。B 棟是該建筑群中最晚建成的建筑，其清晰的空間關(guān)系和模塊化的設(shè)計(jì)使其能在門診部的一個(gè)病區(qū)迅速布置50 張床位，另外還有70 張床位布置在了首層一個(gè)為辦公預(yù)留的開放空間。建筑內(nèi)治療、交通、醫(yī)技與后勤的空間都有著清晰的平面布局，燃?xì)馀c電路的連接也處在便于改造的位置，該建筑因此具有適應(yīng)新功能的彈性。建筑的模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)有利于開放空間與房間自然采光，可以讓新收病患與轉(zhuǎn)院病患更放松。此外，該建筑還包含與Pinearq 建筑設(shè)計(jì)集團(tuán)合作開發(fā)的空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，作為一個(gè)解決方案的雛形，它可以提供環(huán)境健康的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)，并能洞察未來流行病的苗頭。

由于新冠肺炎病毒在巴塞羅那市廣泛傳播，醫(yī)院的應(yīng)急方案也表現(xiàn)為擴(kuò)展其外邊界，為新冠肺炎患者增加臨時(shí)住院病房。這一健康科學(xué)集群各組成部分的整體設(shè)計(jì)使配套設(shè)施與項(xiàng)目的連接變得簡單，德爾馬醫(yī)院因此可以將其床位擴(kuò)展至鄰近的PRBB大樓地下三層市政體育中心籃球場(chǎng)，醫(yī)院布置了72張床位，分為兩個(gè)單元，由各自的護(hù)士管理。

由德爾馬醫(yī)院、巴塞羅那市政府、當(dāng)?shù)叵谰趾蜔o國界醫(yī)生組織組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)，在Pinearq 建筑設(shè)計(jì)集團(tuán)的支持下協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)了擴(kuò)建工程。所有布置與技術(shù)性連接這些臨時(shí)設(shè)施的工作都在一周內(nèi)完成了。這一工程的速度證明了模塊化和彈性建筑的優(yōu)勢(shì)，以及推進(jìn)機(jī)構(gòu)與臨時(shí)設(shè)施連接的城市邏輯。在德爾馬醫(yī)院的例子中，這些設(shè)計(jì)策略極大地促進(jìn)了其應(yīng)對(duì)全球疫情的臨床服務(wù)重組，為如何設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施以應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)今和未來的醫(yī)療挑戰(zhàn)提供了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。（所有項(xiàng)目材料都是在非常艱難與非常緊迫的時(shí)間內(nèi)準(zhǔn)備的。平面圖于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)繪制，照片由手機(jī)拍攝。）（潘奕 譯）

1 總平面/Site plan

2 市政體育中心籃球場(chǎng)改造前/The basketball court of the Municipal sport centre before conversion

3 市政體育中心籃球場(chǎng)改造后/The basketball court of the Municipal sport centre after conversion

4 B棟首層改造中/Plan of Building B Level 1 during conversion

5 B棟首層改造前/Plan of Building B Level 1 after conversion

Hospital del Mar is located within an urban parcel that also includes the Universitat Pompeu Fabra Campus del Mar, the Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB) and a Municipal sports centre. This superblock was designed as a health sciences cluster that links the hospital to teaching and research institutions, bringing together all the elements that define the evolution of healthcare.

The hospital, one of the health institutions of reference in Barcelona, had to adapt to the surge in demand of beds in hospitalisation and ICU beds due to the COVID-19 emergency. At the high point of the pandemic, in April 2020, the hospital dedicated itself 100% to the treatment of COVID-19. A hospital with 532 beds and around 40 ICUs, demanded to have more than 190 beds for semicritical patients in less than two weeks.

Contrary to the strategy of expanding to facilities in other locations, Hospital del Mar built a contingency plan to reorganise internally and grow to neighbouring buildings enhanced by a flexible architectural design and a cohesive urban organisation. The clear spatial relations and modular design of Building B, the latest addition to the complex, allowed a fast deployment of 50 beds in one of treatment areas of the Day Hospital and other 70 beds set up on the first floor, in a large open area reserved for future offices. The buildings' flexibility to adapt to the new programme was possible by a clear plan layout of areas for treatment, circulations and technical and service spaces, as well as the gas and electrical connections already in place to support this shift. The buildings' modular structure favours open spaces and naturally lighted rooms, making the experience of the new and transferred patient less stressful. Moreover, the building incorporates an air quality monitoring system developed in collaboration with Pinearq, a prototype solution that can provide real-time data of environmental health and insight for potentials in future pandemics.

6 改造區(qū)域/Conversion situation

7 市政體育中心籃球場(chǎng)改造后平面/Plan of the basketball court of the Municipal sport centre after conversion

8 B棟首層改造后平面/Plan of Building B Level 1 after conversion

Because of the wide spread of COVID-19 in the city of Barcelona, the Hospitals' contingency plan displayed also an expansion outside its walls to add temporary hospitalisation wards for coronavirus patients. The integrated design of the different components of the cluster facilitated the connection of complementary facilities and programmes, enabling Hospital del Mar to extend its bed capacity to the neighbouring basketball court of the Municipal sport centre, located in basement-3 of the PRBB building, where the Hospital set up 72 beds divided in two units with their respective nurse controls.

The plan to build this expansion was coordinated by a team formed by Hospital del Mar, the municipal government, the local fire department and Doctors Without Borders (MSF), with the support of Pinearq. All the work to deploy and technically connect these provisional facilities was carried out in one week. This quick display proves the advantages of modular and flexible architecture, and an urban logic that promotes the connection of facilities with complementary programmes. In the case of Hospital del Mar, these design strategies have greatly facilitated the reorganisation of its clinical services to face a worldwide pandemic, offering valuable lessons in how to design the infrastructure to face the health challenges of current days and the future. (All material was done during a very hard time with a highly tight time schedule. The plans were drawn on site and the images taken with mobile phones.)

9 門診部改造前/Day hospital before conversion

10 門診部改造后/Day hospital after conversion

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Pinearq

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Albert de Pineda, Raúl García

合作/Collaborators: 德爾馬醫(yī)院技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Hospital del Mar Technical Team

顧問/Consultants: 無國界醫(yī)生組織/Doctors Without Borders

設(shè)計(jì)與建設(shè)時(shí)間/Design and Construction Period: 2020.03.23-2020.04.05

工期/Costruction Period: 2周/2 weeks

繪圖/Drawings: 德爾馬醫(yī)院供圖/Courtesy of Hospital del Mar

攝影/Photos: 德爾馬醫(yī)院供圖（整體），Ariel Ramírez（改造前）/Courtesy of Hospital del Mar (all of them), Ariel Ramírez (before conversion)

11 市政體育中心籃球場(chǎng)改造后/The basketball court of the Municipal sport centre after conversion