圣西羅2.0：生命的豐碑，米蘭，意大利

建筑設計：安杰洛·倫納建筑事務所

1 渲染/Rendering（圖片版權/Copyright: Angelo Renna）

這是一個為了拯救傳奇的圣西羅球場使其免遭拆除而設計的方案，將整座建筑改造為紀念新冠肺炎罹難者的場所。

圣西羅球場，正式名稱為朱塞佩-梅阿扎球場，是米蘭郊區(qū)的一座足球場。它是世界上最重要和最大的體育場之一，有近80,000 個座位。正如2009年《泰晤士報》上的一篇文章所描寫的，圣西羅球場是全球第二大最美的體育場，“第一次看到朱塞佩-梅阿查體育場時，你不可能不驚呼。燈光亮起，它仿佛降落在此的一艘宇宙飛船。”1926 年在米蘭的圣西羅區(qū)，這座體育場開始建造。斯塔奇尼建筑師想設計一個僅供足球比賽使用的私人體育場，沒有田徑跑道，這是那個時期意大利體育場的特點。它于1926 年9 月19 日落成，當時有35,000 名觀眾在這里觀看了國際米蘭隊6:3 擊敗米蘭隊的比賽。1948-1955 年，工程師阿曼多·隆卡和費魯喬·卡爾佐拉里發(fā)動了體育場的第二次擴建項目，將其容量增加到60,000 個座席和25,000 個站席。圣西羅球場最后一次大修耗資6 千萬美元，是在1987-1990 年為1990 年世界杯而進行的。當時決定對球場進行現(xiàn)代化改造，將其容量增加到85,000 萬名觀眾，并加蓋一個屋頂。

如今，AC 米蘭和國際米蘭已經(jīng)啟動了對圣西羅球場的競標，準備將其拆除，并在原址上建造一個能容納60,000 人的新體育場。市政府對該項目意見不一，要求意大利遺產(chǎn)部門提供意見。根據(jù)其最近發(fā)布的報告，“名為‘朱塞佩-梅阿扎體育場（圣西羅球場）’的建筑不具有文化價值，因此不在保護條款所適用范圍內(nèi)”。雖然意大利遺產(chǎn)部門的拆除認可并不是最終決定，但這可能是該體育場被徹底拆除的重要一步。因此，我們有了將圣西羅球場改造成紀念新冠肺炎罹難者的場所的想法。在過去的5個月里，意大利有近35,000 人在新冠疫情期間喪生，米蘭市是主要的疫情中心之一。該設計將看臺改造為綠色的梯田，35,000 棵地中海柏木（也被稱為意大利柏樹）將沿著新的擋土墻種植。柏樹是一種常見的觀賞樹，在整個地中海地區(qū)已經(jīng)種植了幾千年。這些樹木深綠色的垂直形狀是墓地和宗教空間極具特色的標志，就像不朽的符號，死后生命的象征。這種樹復雜而厚實的樹冠為許多鳥類、睡鼠、松鼠、蜥蜴和許多其他動物提供了棲息地。該設計還建議徹底拆除屋頂，以便讓日光和雨水落到地面。新的使用功能將被設置在看臺下方：博物館、研究中心、學生和研究人員的工作室。在看臺的底部，新的瀝青凹面可以收集雨水，形成水區(qū)（或干谷）。這些水將被收集到地下水箱中，再用于灌溉和清潔。在暴雨時，干谷將被淹沒，維持不同種類的動植物的生物多樣性。（錢芳 譯）

2 1950年的圣西羅球場/San Siro 1950（圖片來源/Source: 歷史圖片，由Angelo Renna供圖/Historic picture, courtesy of Angelo Renna）

It is a proposal to save the legendary San Siro stadium from demolition, converting the entire structure into a place of commemoration in memory of the victims of COVID-19.

The Sansiro, officially knows as stadio Giuseppe Meazza, is a football stadium in the suburb area of Milan. One of the most important and largest stadiums in the world, with its almost 80.000 seats. According to an article that appeared on The Timesin 2009, San Siro is the second most beautiful stadium worldwide quoting "The first time you see the Giuseppe Meazza stadium it is impossible not to gasp. Lit up, it looks like a spaceship set down". Construction of the stadium started in 1926 in the district of Milan named San Siro. The idea of Stacchini's architect was to design a private stadium only for football, without athletics tracks, which characterised Italian stadiums built in that period. The inauguration was on 19 September 1926, when 35,000 spectators saw Inter defeat Milan 6–3. From 1948 to 1955, engineers Armando Ronca and Ferruccio Calzolari developed the project for the second extension of the stadium, which increased the capacity to 60,000 seats and 25,000 standing. The last major renovation for San Siro, which cost $60 million, was that of 1987-1990, for the 1990 FIFA World Cup. It was decided to modernise the stadium by increasing its capacity to 85,000 spectators and building a cover.

3 整體軸測/General axonometric drawing（圖片版權/Copyright: Angelo Renna）

Today AC Milan and Inter-Milan have launched their bid to knock down the San Siro and build a new 60,000-capacity home on the same site. The municipality has been divided over the project and requested the opinion of Italy's heritage authorities. According to the report, recently released, "The property named 'Giuseppe Meazza Stadium (San Siro) has no cultural interest and as such it is excluded from the protection provisions". Although approval from Italy's heritage body is not the final decision, it could be an important step towards the complete demolition of the stadium. Hence the idea of transforming the San Siro stadium in a place of commemoration in memory of the victims of COVID-19. Almost 35,000 people have lost their life in Italy during the last five months during the coronavirus pandemic and Milan city has been one of the main epicentres. The proposal foresees the transformation of the tribune in green terraces and 35,000 Cupressus Sempervirens (also knows as Italian Cypress) will be planted along the new retaining walls. The cypress is a common ornamental tree cultivated for millennia throughout the whole Mediterranean region. The dark green vertical shape of these trees is a highly characteristic signature of cemeteries and sacred spaces, like a symbol of immortality, emblem of life after death. The intricate and thick crown of this tree provides habitat for many birds, dormice, squirrels, lizards, and many other animals. The project proposes also the complete demolition of the roof in order to allow daily light and rainfalls to hit the ground. New programmes will be placed underneath the tribune: a museum, a research centre, ateliers for students and researchers. At the bottom of the tribunes, a new concave shape of the ground pitch will allow the possibility to collect rainwater creating water zones (wadi). The water will be collected in underground tanks and reused for irrigation and cleaning purposes. In case of heavy rainfall, the wadi area will flood supporting the biodiversity of different species of flora and fauna.

11 剖面/Section（圖片版權/Copyright: Angelo Renna）