曹傳緒
狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等。狀語(yǔ)從句一般由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首或句中時(shí),通常用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句位于句尾時(shí),可以不用逗號(hào)隔開。狀語(yǔ)從句分類如下:
[類型 引導(dǎo)詞 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 when, before, after, as, while, as soon as, since, not... until..., whenever等 原因狀語(yǔ)從句 because, as, since等 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 if, unless等 比較狀語(yǔ)從句 as / so... as..., than等 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 so / such... that...等 目的狀語(yǔ)從句 in order that, so that等 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 although / though, even though / if等 ]
這里著重介紹以下三種狀語(yǔ)從句用法及涉及到的考點(diǎn):
一、unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句
unless意為“如果不;除非”,相當(dāng)于if... not。
We
=We
注意:unless和if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái),而主句則用一般將來(lái)時(shí),即遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。
二、as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
as soon as意為“一……就……”,表示從句和主句的動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生,間隔短暫。
The students became quiet as soon as the teacher came in. 老師一進(jìn)來(lái),學(xué)生們就安靜下來(lái)了。
注意:as soon as可表示將來(lái)的事,這時(shí)主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),即遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。
You
三、so... that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
so... that...意為“如此……以至于……”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。常見于以下四種結(jié)構(gòu):
(1) so+形容詞/副詞+that從句。
He ran so fast that we couldn
(2) so+形容詞+a / an+單數(shù)名詞+that從句。
It is so interesting a book that I want to read it again. 這本書如此有趣,我還想再讀一遍。
(3) so+many / few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that從句。
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely. 他朋友很少,所以他經(jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)。
(4) so+much / little+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句。
There was so much work to do that everybody got bored. 有這么多的事要做,人人都感到厭煩了。
注意:such... that...意為“如此……以至于……”,也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,但such修飾的是名詞。
They are such good students that the teacher likes them. 他們都是很好的學(xué)生,所以老師喜歡他們。
四、so... that... / unless / as soon as句型改寫考點(diǎn)
(1) so... that...
so... that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,當(dāng)that后面接否定句時(shí),可以與“too... to... (太……而不能……)”結(jié)構(gòu)互換。
He was so angry that he couldn
=He was too angry to say a word.
拓展:在so... that...句型中,當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)與that引導(dǎo)的從句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),“ so... that+肯定句”句型可與“enough to...”句型互換;“ so... that+否定句”句型可與“too... to...”句型互換。
He was so clever that he could understand what I said. 他很聰明,能聽懂我說(shuō)的話。
=He was clever enough to understand what I said.
The girl is so young that she can
=The girl is too young to dress herself.
(2) unless
unless意為“如果不……;除非”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句的否定形式,即unless=if... not。
Unless you put on your raincoat you
=If you don
(3) as soon as
as soon as意為“一……就……”,其中的從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)??梢杂糜诳谡Z(yǔ)和書面語(yǔ)中。它在句中的位置比較靈活,而且可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
I
As soon as I went in, Tom cried out with pleasure. 我一進(jìn)去,湯姆就高興地叫了起來(lái)。(一般過(guò)去時(shí))
as soon as可以用the minute 來(lái)改寫。
As soon as I went in, Tom cried out with pleasure.
考試與評(píng)價(jià)·八年級(jí)版2020年4期