賈云娜

[摘要] 目的 采用白山市重點(diǎn)職業(yè)病監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫計量學(xué)的方法進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析，探討白山市煤塵作業(yè)工人塵肺樣改變分布情況。方法 以白山市重點(diǎn)職業(yè)病監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)為數(shù)據(jù)源，對有效數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。結(jié)果 白山市煤塵作業(yè)工人塵肺樣改變按地區(qū)分布全都集中在渾江區(qū)和江源區(qū);按行業(yè)分布采礦業(yè)占97.00%，電力、熱力、燃?xì)饧八a(chǎn)和供應(yīng)業(yè)占3.00%;按經(jīng)濟(jì)類型分布國有經(jīng)濟(jì)占100.00%;按企業(yè)規(guī)模分布全部為大型企業(yè);按性別分布全部為男性。結(jié)論 白山市煤塵作業(yè)工人塵肺樣改變工人全都為男性，主要集中在渾江區(qū)和江源區(qū)的國有經(jīng)濟(jì)大型企業(yè);按行業(yè)主要分布在采礦業(yè)，提示上述行業(yè)為本市職業(yè)病的重點(diǎn)防控行業(yè)。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 煤塵作業(yè)工人;塵肺樣改變;分布

[中圖分類號] R194.3 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1672-5654（2020）06（a）-0196-03

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the distribution of pneumoconiosis in coal dust workers in Baishan City by statistical analysis using the database metrology method of the key occupational disease monitoring system in Baishan City. Methods Statistical analysis was performed on the effective data with the monitoring system of key occupational diseases in Baishan City as the data source. Results The pneumoconiosis of coal dust workers in Baishan City were all concentrated in Hunjiang District and Jiangyuan District. The mining industry accounted for 97.00%， and the electricity， heat， gas and water production and supply industries accounted for 3.00%. Economic type distribution State-owned economy accounted for 100.00%; all enterprises are large-scale enterprises according to their size; all were male by gender. Conclusion All the pneumoconiosis workers in coal dust workers in Baishan City were male， mainly in large state-owned enterprises in Hunjiang District and Jiangyuan District; they were mainly distributed in the mining industry by industry， suggesting that the above industries were occupational diseases key prevention and control industries.

[Key words] Coal dust workers; Pneumoconiosis-like changes; Distribution

塵肺病是由于在職業(yè)活動中長期吸入生產(chǎn)性粉塵并在肺內(nèi)潴留而引起的以肺組織彌漫性纖維化為主的全身性疾病[1-3]。塵肺是嚴(yán)重危害工人健康的職業(yè)病[4]，占我國全部職業(yè)病病例總數(shù)的90%。塵肺病的并發(fā)癥是患者常見的死因。如呼吸系統(tǒng)感染、自發(fā)性氣胸、肺結(jié)核、肺癌及肺間皮瘤等，其結(jié)果將導(dǎo)致肺功能不全、呼吸衰竭進(jìn)而死亡[5-6]。罹患塵肺的患者嚴(yán)重降低勞動力，甚至導(dǎo)致傷殘，給患者造成痛苦，降低生活質(zhì)量，嚴(yán)重者威脅患者生命安全。也嚴(yán)重影響了社會的和諧發(fā)展與穩(wěn)定[7]。塵肺病目前尚無法根治，但完全可以預(yù)防，早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早診斷、早治療塵肺病[8]。白山市是煤工塵肺接觸人數(shù)較多的地區(qū)之一，對煤塵作業(yè)工人塵肺樣改變分布情況進(jìn)行分析，以期了解白山市煤工塵肺現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢，加強(qiáng)防護(hù)措施，控制和減少塵肺病的發(fā)生，現(xiàn)報道如下。

1 ?資料與方法

1.1 ?材料

通過收集2017年度白山市重點(diǎn)職業(yè)病監(jiān)測庫填報的2 269條職業(yè)健康檢查有效數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。

1.2 ?方法

采用白山市重點(diǎn)職業(yè)病監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫計量學(xué)的方法進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析，計數(shù)資料以頻數(shù)（n）和百分比表示。

2 ?結(jié)果分析

2.1 ?白山市煤工塵肺作業(yè)工人胸片專項(xiàng)檢查情況按地區(qū)分布

全市煤工塵肺胸片檢查2 269例，渾江區(qū)1 195例，塵肺樣改變16例，占渾江區(qū)1.34%，江源區(qū)1 074例，塵肺樣改變20例，占江源區(qū)1.86%，全市塵肺樣改變36例全都集中在渾江區(qū)和江源區(qū)。見表1。

2.2 ?白山市煤工塵肺作業(yè)工人胸片專項(xiàng)檢查情況按行業(yè)分布

白山市煤工塵肺胸片檢查2 269例，電力、熱力、燃?xì)饧八a(chǎn)和供應(yīng)業(yè)81例中，塵肺樣改變1例，占0.01%，采礦業(yè)2 113例，塵肺樣改變35例，占1.66%，白山市塵肺樣改變36例中，采礦業(yè)占97.00%，電力、熱力、燃?xì)饧八a(chǎn)和供應(yīng)業(yè)占3.00%。見表2。