選修8第2單元重點(diǎn)單詞

高雅丹

1. cast [kɑ：st]

? vt. 投;扔;拋;擲

The fisherman cast his net into the water. 漁夫把網(wǎng)撒到水里。

? vt. 投射（光、視線等）

Cast a shadow on the wall. 把影子投射到墻上。

He cast an eye at the woman. 他向那女人看了一眼。

? vt. 為（戲劇、角色）選派演員

Music talents from many different countries were cast. 來(lái)自不同國(guó)家的音樂(lè)人參加了試鏡。

? n. [C] 投;拋

The fisherman caught a fish at his second cast. 漁夫撒下的第二網(wǎng)捕到一條魚(yú)。

2. object [??bd?Ikt]

? n. [C] 物體

What is that dark object lying in the street？ 街上那個(gè)黑乎乎的東西是什么？

? n. [C] 目標(biāo);目的

What is your object in doing that？你那么做的目的是什么？

? v. 反對(duì);不贊成

They objected that the schedule was too tight. 他們反對(duì)說(shuō)日程安排得太緊。

object to sth. / object to doing sth. 反

對(duì)……

Why do some people object to human cloning？ 為什么有些人反對(duì)克隆人類？

We object to leaving him alone. 我們不贊成留下他一個(gè)人。

派生詞

objection n. 反對(duì);反對(duì)理由

Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no objections to it. 格雷決定搬到鄉(xiāng)下，他的妻子沒(méi)反對(duì)。

objective adj. 客觀的

She gives an objective report of what has happened. 她就發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行客觀的報(bào)告。

3. obtain [?b?teIn] v.

? 得到;獲得;實(shí)現(xiàn)

I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report. 我終于設(shè)法弄到了這份報(bào)告的一個(gè)副本。

obtain sth. for sb. 為某人取得某物

I obtained this record for you with difficulty. 我好不容易為你弄到了這張唱片。

? 存在;流行;通行

The practice still obtains in some areas of England. 這種做法在英格蘭一些地區(qū)仍很流行。

派生詞

obtainable adj. 可獲得;可得到

Are his records still obtainable？ 他的唱片還能買到嗎？

【試題鏈接】

A built-it-yourself solar still is one of the best ways to_______ ?drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.

Key： obtain

4. owe [??] v.

? 欠（錢）;欠（債）;欠（賬）

I?m broke， Lucy， and I owe a couple of million dollars. 我破產(chǎn)了，露西，而且我欠了幾百萬(wàn)美元的債。

owe sb. an apology 欠某人一個(gè)道歉

We?ve discovered who the thief was， and it seems we owe you an apology. 我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)小偷是誰(shuí)了，看起來(lái)我們?cè)撓蚰愕狼浮?/p>

? 應(yīng)把……歸因（于）;應(yīng)把……歸功（于）

owe sth. to sb. 將某事物歸因或者歸功于……

He owed his survival to his strength as a swimmer. 他是因?yàn)樗院貌判颐庥陔y的。

? 感激;感恩

I owe my teachers and parents a great deal. 我深深感激師長(zhǎng)和父母。

owe sth. （to sb.） （for sth.） 欠（某人）債

She still owes ￡3，000 to her father. 她還欠她父親3000英鎊。

派生詞

owing adj. 欠著的;應(yīng)付的

Five pounds is still owing. 仍欠5英鎊。

owing to 由于;因?yàn)?/p>

Owing to the rain， the match was cancelled. 比賽因雨取消了。

【試題鏈接】

They?ll throw down cash， half of what they_______ ， and then people like me， who don?t drink， end up paying even more.

Key： owe

5. retire [rI?taI?（r）]

? v. （使）退休;退職;退役

My father retired at the age of 60. 我父親六十歲時(shí)退休了。

短語(yǔ)：retire from 從……中退休

When Jim?s uncle retired from the railway company， he was given a gold watch. 吉姆的伯父從鐵路公司退休時(shí)得到一塊金表。

? v. 退下;離開(kāi);退回

短語(yǔ)：retire to... 回到某個(gè)地方

After lunch he retired to his study. 他午飯后就到書(shū)房去了。

派生詞

retirement n. 退休;退職;退役

She took to painting after retirement. 她退休后愛(ài)上了繪畫(huà)。

【試題鏈接】

Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award， proud Irene declared she had no plans_______ ?from her 36-year-old business.

Key： to retire

6. bother [?b?e?（r）]

? vt. 煩擾;打擾

bother sb. about / with sth. 麻煩某人某事

Don?t bother your father about it now. 現(xiàn)在先不要麻煩你的父親。

bother to do 麻煩去做某事（常用于否定句）

He didn?t even bother to say thank you. 他甚至連說(shuō)一聲謝謝都不肯。

can?t be bothered to do 懶得去做;嫌麻煩不做

He could produce excellent work but usually he can?t be bothered to do it. 他其實(shí)可以把工作做好，可他往往嫌費(fèi)事而不干。

? n. 麻煩;焦慮

Oh， would you mind？ I hate to be a bother. 哦，你不介意嗎？我不愿麻煩別人。

派生詞

bothered adj. 煩惱的;感到焦慮的

It is a small matter; don?t get so bothered. 這是小事，不要這樣憂慮不安。

【試題鏈接】

—I can drive you home.

—Don?t_______ ， but are you sure it?s not too much trouble？

Key： bother

7. strike [straIk]

? vt. 擊打;碰撞

The ship struck a rock. 船觸礁了。

He struck the table with his fist. 他用拳頭打桌子。

? vt. & n. 踢;擊球

He walked up to the penalty spot and struck the ball firmly into the back of the net. 他走到罰球點(diǎn)，穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地把球踢入網(wǎng)內(nèi)。

His spectacular strike in the second half made the score 2-0. 他在下半場(chǎng)令人嘆為觀止的一腳射門把比分改寫(xiě)為2-0。

? vi. & n. 突擊;攻擊;襲擊

The lion crouched ready to strike. 獅子蹲身準(zhǔn)備襲擊。

They decided to launch a pre-emptive strike. 他們決定發(fā)動(dòng)先發(fā)制人的攻擊。

? vi. & n. 罷工

strike for sth. 為……而罷工

The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%. 工會(huì)投票決定罷工，要求加薪6%。

on strike 罷工

Air traffic controllers are threatening to come out on strike. 空中交通管制員威脅要舉行罷工。

? vt. （想法或念頭）突然想到;一下子想起;給某人以……印象

An awful thought has just struck me. 一個(gè)可怕的念頭剛才在我腦子里突然閃過(guò)。

strike sb. as sth. 給某人以……印象;讓某人覺(jué)得

She strikes me as a very efficient person. 在我眼里，她是個(gè)很干練的人。

易混辨析

hit， knock， bang， strike與bump

以上各詞均含用力碰撞、撞擊之義。hit指碰撞、撞擊，尤指造成損傷; knock指打掉、敲動(dòng)、打破; bang指大聲地猛敲、砸; strike指猛烈地撞、碰、撞擊、碰撞; bump指無(wú)意地碰、撞。

【試題鏈接】

This combination of healing myself and healing the world_______ ?me as the perfect solution.

Key： struck

8. vain [veIn] adj.

? 徒勞的;枉然的;無(wú)結(jié)果的

I knocked loudly in the vain hope that someone might answer. 我敲門敲得很響，希望有人應(yīng)聲，卻是徒然。

短語(yǔ)：in vain 枉費(fèi)心機(jī);徒勞無(wú)益;白費(fèi)力氣

All our efforts were in vain. 我們的所有努力都付諸東流了。

? 自負(fù)的;自視過(guò)高的

His modesty is all put on; at heart he is very vain. 他的謙遜全是假裝的，內(nèi)心里他很虛榮。

易混辨析

vain， abortive， fruitless與ineffective

這些形容詞均有“未達(dá)到想要的結(jié)果”之意。vain指努力、希望、搜尋等未能獲得想要的結(jié)果的;abortive指行動(dòng)、計(jì)劃等沒(méi)有成功的;fruitless尤指付出很多努力卻無(wú)成效的;ineffective側(cè)重指人或事物未能發(fā)揮應(yīng)有之作用的。

【試題鏈接】

Jeff searched_______ ?for Rosie in the next four days.

Key： in vain

9. resist [rI?zIst]

? v. 抵制;阻擋

They are determined to resist pressure to change the law. 他們決心頂住要求改革法律的壓力。

短語(yǔ)：resist doing 抵制……

The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 銀行強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)降低利率。

? v. 反抗;回?fù)?抵抗

He tried to pin me down， but I resisted. 他試圖制服我，但我?jiàn)^力反抗。

She was charged with resisting arrest. 她被控拒捕。

? v. （通常用于否定句）忍住;抵擋

I finished the cake. I couldn?t resist it. 我忍不住把整塊蛋糕都吃了。

短語(yǔ)：resist doing 忍住……

He couldn?t resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新車。

易混辨析

object， disagree與oppose

object語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，指對(duì)某一具體做法、計(jì)劃等表示反對(duì)，常后接介詞to; disagree表示“反對(duì)，不同意”之意，指與他人在看法上有分歧，也指不贊同計(jì)劃、行動(dòng)等，常后接介詞with;oppose表示“反對(duì)，阻礙”之意，指不贊同某一政策、計(jì)劃等，含抵制或阻撓之意; resist表示“抗拒，反抗”之意，指拒絕作出改變或不屈從于外力而做某事。

【試題鏈接】

David Brooks， author of The Social Animal， The Hidden Sources of Love， Character， and Achievement， appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed_______ ?the temptation.

Key： to resist