潘 悅 鄭克文 陳偉
[摘要] 目的 探討蛋白磷酸酶2A的抑制性癌因子(cancerous inhibitor of proteinphosphatase 2A,CIP2A)在高危局限性前列腺癌組織中的表達(dá)情況及臨床意義。 方法 選取2010年1月~2016年1月于溫州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院行手術(shù)治療的50例高危局限性前列腺癌患者為實(shí)驗(yàn)組,并選取同期在我院手術(shù)治療的良性前列腺增生患者50例為對(duì)照組,應(yīng)用免疫印跡(western blot)的方法對(duì)兩組術(shù)后標(biāo)本的CIP2A表達(dá)情況進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,并進(jìn)一步比較兩組CIP2A的表達(dá)與臨床病理因素的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果 實(shí)驗(yàn)組中CIP2A的表達(dá)明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);并且CIP2A的表達(dá)與術(shù)后1年腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移復(fù)發(fā)、Gleason評(píng)分、前列腺特異抗原(prostate specific antigen, PSA)水平密切相關(guān)(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 CIP2A在高危局限性前列腺癌中高度表達(dá),有望成為高危局限性前列腺癌早期診斷、術(shù)后預(yù)測復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移的一個(gè)重要的生物學(xué)指標(biāo)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 高危局限性前列腺癌;CIP2A;Gleason評(píng)分;PSA
[中圖分類號(hào)] R737.2? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2020)02-0049-03
The expression and clinical significance of CIP2A in high risk localized prostate cancer
PAN Yue? ?ZHENG Kewen? ?CHEN Wei
Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou? ?325000, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) in high risk localized prostate cancer. Methods 50 patients with high risk localized prostate cancer who were operated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2010 to January 2016 were selected as the study group, while 50 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who were operated in our hospital at the same period were selected as the control group. The expression of CIP2A after surgery in the two groups was compared by Western blot, and the relationship between CIP2A expression and clinicopathologic factors was analyzed. Results The expression of CIP2A in the study group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05), and the expression of CIP2A was closely related to tumor metastasis and recurrence, Gleason score, prostate specific antigen (PSA) level in one year after operation(P<0.05). Conclusion The high expression of CIP2A in high risk localized prostate cancer is expected to be an important biological index for early diagnosis and postoperative prediction of recurrence and metastasis of high risk localized prostate cancer.
[Key words] High risk localized prostate cancer; Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A; Gleason score; Prostate specific antigen
蛋白磷酸酶2A的抑制性癌因子(cancerous inhibitor of proteinphosphatase 2A,CIP2A)能抑制蛋白磷酸酶2A(proteinphosphatase 2A,PP2A),近來被發(fā)現(xiàn)是一種致癌因子,可在多種類型的腫瘤中高表達(dá),包括胃癌、乳腺癌、結(jié)腸癌等,它通過與PP2A、c-Myc相互作用最終達(dá)到抑制c-Myc蛋白水解的作用。CIP2A作為最新被重視的癌蛋白,在前列腺癌的早期診斷中也發(fā)揮著重要作用,然而CIP2A在高危局限性前列腺癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中所起的作用仍不清楚。本次研究通過對(duì)比CIP2A蛋白在高危局限性前列腺癌標(biāo)本及良性前列腺增生標(biāo)本中的表達(dá)情況,并通過遠(yuǎn)期隨訪,探討CIP2A在高危局限性前列腺癌的早期診斷、術(shù)后檢測及預(yù)后判斷中的作用,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇在溫州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院2010年1月~2016年1月期間接受手術(shù)治療患者的前列腺增生標(biāo)本50例為對(duì)照組和高危局限性前列腺癌標(biāo)本50例為實(shí)驗(yàn)組。高危前列腺癌標(biāo)本中18例通過前列腺活檢穿刺術(shù)獲得,32例通過前列腺癌根治性切除術(shù)獲得。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):均為病理證實(shí)良性前列腺增生或高危局限性前列腺癌;患者授權(quán)同意參與本次研究;患者臨床資料齊全。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):患者合并有其他臟器腫瘤;患者術(shù)前發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移;患者行姑息性手術(shù)而非根治術(shù)。
1.2 蛋白免疫印跡法
100例前列腺癌標(biāo)本和良性前列腺增生標(biāo)本均采用蛋白免疫印跡法進(jìn)行CIP2A測定。采用勻漿器將前列腺組織研磨成勻漿,加入裂解液,離心后取上清。蛋白上清加入SDS上樣緩沖液后水浴變性。取適量樣本加入10%的SDS-PAGE凝膠,通過電泳,依據(jù)蛋白分子量的大小來分離蛋白。隨后將電泳結(jié)束后的凝膠轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜,將膜與封閉緩沖液在室溫下孵育1 h,在4℃下在含有第一抗體的封閉緩沖液中孵育過夜,然后洗滌3次,之后PVDF膜在室溫下與辣根過氧化物酶綴合的第二抗體孵育1 h。使用ECL檢測系統(tǒng)檢測結(jié)合的抗體,以GAPDH為內(nèi)參。
1.3 免疫組織化學(xué)染色法
本次研究采用過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的鏈霉卵蛋白素法(S-P)法。將標(biāo)本制成石蠟切片后,將切片在二甲苯中脫蠟并在梯度乙醇中水化。為了增強(qiáng)免疫反應(yīng)性,將切片在3%過氧化氫去離子水中37℃溫育10 min,并高壓煮沸15 min進(jìn)行抗原修復(fù)。載玻片冷卻至室溫,加入血清封閉20 min,PBS洗滌3次后,滴加CIP2A,4℃孵育過夜。次日滴加生物素標(biāo)記的二抗,37℃條件下孵育30 min。隨后滴加鏈霉親和素-過氧化物酶,在室溫下孵育30 min。最后滴加二氨基聯(lián)苯胺顯色,并用蘇木素復(fù)染細(xì)胞核。
1.4 結(jié)果判定
CIP2A主要表達(dá)于細(xì)胞質(zhì),免疫組化結(jié)果陽性表現(xiàn)為細(xì)胞質(zhì)染色為褐色。采用半定量方式判讀免疫組化結(jié)果。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下:無染色為0分,弱染色為1分,中度染色為2分,強(qiáng)染色為3分。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
CIP2A在良性前列腺增生組和前列腺癌組的差異表達(dá)情況通過χ2檢驗(yàn)來分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。所有統(tǒng)計(jì)均在SPSS19.0軟件上進(jìn)行。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 CIP2A在兩組中的表達(dá)情況
本次研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)高危局限性前列腺癌患者組織中,CIP2A的陽性表達(dá)率為76%(38/50),良性前列腺增生患者的組織中,CIP2A的陽性表達(dá)率為30%(15/50)(封三圖3),χ2檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果提示兩組表達(dá)的差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=21.236,P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 CIP2A與高危局限性前列腺癌患者臨床病理特征的關(guān)系
高危局限性前列腺癌患者CIP2A的陽性表達(dá)與術(shù)后1年腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移、術(shù)前PSA水平和Gleason評(píng)分值密切相關(guān)(均P<0.05),與患者年齡無明顯相關(guān)(P=0.825)。見表2。
3 討論
前列腺癌是美國男性最常見的癌癥,也是導(dǎo)致男性癌癥相關(guān)死亡的主要原因,占男性癌癥診斷的30%。這種高死亡率主要原因是原發(fā)腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移。目前最常用的判斷高危局限性前列腺癌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為PSA>20 ng/mL,Gleason評(píng)分8~10分,臨床分期≥T2c[1]。初診前列腺癌的患者中有約15%患者為高危局限性前列腺癌,但此類疾病具有明顯的臨床進(jìn)展性,且術(shù)后有較高的復(fù)發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[2-4]。因此,前列腺癌早期診斷技術(shù)的改進(jìn)及特異性靶點(diǎn)分子治療對(duì)前列腺癌的診療將會(huì)起到顯著的改善作用。
最新的研究表明,蛋白磷酸酶2A的癌性抑制因子(CIP2A)是一種腫瘤蛋白,可在多種惡性腫瘤中高表達(dá),并通過抑制抑癌因子蛋白磷酸酶2A的表達(dá)從而誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞不斷增殖[5]。目前,多項(xiàng)研究均證實(shí)CIP2A在多種惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展中扮演著重要的作用,如胃癌、食管癌、乳腺癌、子宮內(nèi)膜癌、口腔癌、腎癌等[5-13]。有研究表明CIP2A能通過促進(jìn)MYC穩(wěn)定來誘導(dǎo)胃癌細(xì)胞的增殖,并且CIP2A的表達(dá)水平與胃癌的預(yù)后相關(guān)[14]。此外高表達(dá)的CIP2A可促進(jìn)乳腺癌異種移植物的生長,并且CIP2A的表達(dá)水平與乳腺癌組織中的腫瘤增殖標(biāo)志物、p53突變水平以及淋巴結(jié)陽性率呈正相關(guān)[15]。近年來越來越多的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)CIP2A在前列腺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展中扮演著重要的作用[16-20]。Vaarala等發(fā)現(xiàn)CIP2A在良性前列腺增生組織和前列腺癌組織中差異表達(dá),并且該差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);在接受前列腺癌根治術(shù)的患者中,CIP2A的表達(dá)與Gleason評(píng)分、臨床分期和術(shù)前危險(xiǎn)分級(jí)呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),但是CIP2A的表達(dá)與PSA水平無顯著相關(guān)性。
本研究中,高危局限性前列腺癌患者和良性前列腺增生患者的病理組織中,CIP2A的表達(dá)具有明顯差異,其在兩組中表達(dá)陽性率分別為76%和30%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。并且CIP2A的表達(dá)與術(shù)后1年腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移復(fù)發(fā)、Gleason評(píng)分、PSA水平密切相關(guān)(P<0.05),評(píng)分越高,PSA水平越高,CIP2A的陽性表達(dá)率越高。但CIP2A的表達(dá)與年齡無顯著相關(guān)性。
綜上所述,本研究結(jié)果提示CIP2A有望成為高危局限性前列腺癌發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中的一個(gè)重要的生物學(xué)指標(biāo)。然而目前國內(nèi)外關(guān)于CIP2A與高危局限性前列腺癌的報(bào)道較少,建議繼續(xù)開展相關(guān)研究論證結(jié)果,能為前列腺癌患者提供更敏感而特異的診斷工具。
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(收稿日期:2019-09-05)