高考英語中的“熟詞生義”

陳東潔

高考試題中常常會出現(xiàn)一些同學(xué)們較熟悉單詞的陌生意思，即“熟詞生義”。因此在備考中我們要留意閱讀中所遇到的“熟詞生義”現(xiàn)象，并不斷積累，為日后的閱讀掃清障礙。

2019年高考英語全國卷中的熟詞生義

以下各句選自2019年高考英語全國卷，請嘗試理解劃線單詞的詞義。

1.（2019年全國Ⅰ卷）Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses.

2.（2019年全國Ⅰ卷）Which program favors the disabled？

3.（2019年全國Ⅰ卷）Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s ...

4.（2019年全國Ⅰ卷）Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集）around human settlements ...

5.（2019年全國Ⅱ卷）I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on ...

6.（2019年全國Ⅲ卷）Earlier this year， the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art， with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics（美學(xué)）on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.

7.（2019年全國Ⅲ卷）Of course， not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang， Alexander Wang， Jason Wu are taking on Galliano， Albaz，Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，”adds Hill.

參考答案：

刻意練習，熟能生巧

筆者在多年備考中發(fā)現(xiàn)并總結(jié)了一些一詞多義，下面是其中8個，請同學(xué)位根據(jù)語境推斷其意義。

■save

1.（2014年浙江卷）It is the result of the action that really matter. I should have stated the conversation by expressing how my actions affected Eleanor and save the discussion about my intention for later， much later and even never.

2.（2018年全國Ⅰ卷）During my second year at the city college， I was told that the education department was offering a “free”course， called Thinking Chess， for three credits. I jumped at the idea of taking the class because， after all， who doesnt want to save a few dollars？

3.（2018年全國Ⅱ卷）I took off my T-shirt and dived into the water. ... I helped carry the young man out of the water... . We chatted about everything and then Ben turned to me.“ I just want to say thank you，”he said.“You saved my life.

■matter/count

1. And the great thing about the exercise is that its never too late to start. Even small things can count when youre starting out.

2.（2016年全國Ⅱ卷）

●Recall（回憶）your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad， but thats not whats important. Its our experience of the garden that matters.

■bill

1. I sold the game and made $ 1，000. Thank you for your suggestion.”He handed her three $ 100 bills.

2. Thiis is the toughest crime bill that Congress has passed in a decade

■note

1.（2015年廣東卷）Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television watching lowers IQ（智商）scores and affects school performance. But here， too， Anderson notes that no studies have proved it.

2. Please Note：

●Any time you touch an animal， ...

●The Caring Corral is open only when the ...

●The KidsFarm uses pizza ...

3.（2017年全國Ⅱ卷）

Just last year，I was conducted a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman excuse the interruption and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and opened it up.Inside were the“Verbs”shirt and a note from Freddys mother.“Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving. He wanted you to have this.”

4. Similarly， we use notes to keep a record of music.

■cover

1. Much of the country is covered by forest.

2. He laughed to cover（= hide）his nervousness.

3. Robinson was sent to Italy to cover the 1990 World Cup.

4. So we did not have enough money to cover our monthly bills.

5.（2015年湖北卷）The bird covered the longest distance on Day three.

6. A few years ago， David Byrne was on the cover of Time magazine

■current

1. Powerful currents， created where the ocean floor drops away， can be just as deadly.

2. Until recently， scientists developed on netting or using an electric current to temporarily to catch fish.

3. If current trends continue， the number of fat children in the world will surpass that of the undernourished by 2022

■head

1. aren Goldberg， who heads the new eDNA lab at Washington State University， is one of the first biologists to take the technology from the testing period to actually using it.

2.（2014年湖北卷）When our restaurant business failed， we headed north on a camping truck to Texas， hoping to have a “fresh start.”

■ticket

（2005年湖南卷）We were on tour a few summers ago， driving through Chicago， when right outside of the city， we got pulled over. A middle-aged policeman came up to the car and was really being troublesome at first. Lecturing us， he said，“You were speeding. Where are you going in such a hurry？”... . Suddenly， he stopped and said，“Tim， you want to get out of this ticket， dont you？”... The policeman enjoyed the performance， and sent us on our way without a ticket.

參考答案

save 1. 留 2. 節(jié)約 3. 拯救

count /matter 1. 重要;要緊2. 重要;要緊

bill 1. 鈔票 2. 法案

note 1. v. 強調(diào)? 2. v. 注意3. n. 便箋;紙條4. n. 音符

cover 1. v. 覆蓋2. v. 隱藏 3. v. 報道4.? vt. 足夠支付 5. v. 走過一段距離6. n. 封面

current 1. n. 洋流2. v. 電流 3. adj. 目前的;當前的

head 1. v. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)2. v. 前往;朝

ticket 罰單

熟詞生義，要求考生根據(jù)其基本含義，再結(jié)合具體語境去推斷其語境意義。考生一方面在學(xué)習詞匯時要注意一詞多義的記憶，同時注意擴大閱讀量，在閱讀中掌握一詞多義。

責任編輯 蔣小青