郭小葉 冒平 王佳 廉海平 王偉 白曉斌 宋錦寧
[摘要] 目的 研究miR-361-3p在惡性膠質(zhì)瘤(GB)細(xì)胞中的功能。 方法 培養(yǎng)LN299和U87MG細(xì)胞及人正常星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞(NHA)。miR-361-3p的mimic或inhibitor及MTCP1的siRNA(si-MTCP1)轉(zhuǎn)染U87MG細(xì)胞。RT-PCR和Western blot檢測(cè)目標(biāo)基因水平的變化。CCK-8和Caspase3試劑盒分別檢測(cè)細(xì)胞的增殖和凋亡。熒光素酶基因報(bào)告實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)miR-361-3p和MTCP1基因的結(jié)合。 結(jié)果 與NHA比較,miR-361-3p在LN299和U87MG中低表達(dá)。U87MG轉(zhuǎn)染mimic可抑制MTCP1的表達(dá)和細(xì)胞增殖率,升高Caspase3活性,并減少WT-MTCP1的熒光素酶活性。U87MG轉(zhuǎn)染inhibitor增加細(xì)胞增殖率,而轉(zhuǎn)染si-MTCP1后細(xì)胞凋亡增加。 結(jié)論 miR-361-3p可能通過(guò)抑制MTCP1來(lái)抑制GB細(xì)胞的增殖并促進(jìn)凋亡。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 惡性膠質(zhì)瘤;細(xì)胞增殖;凋亡;miR-361-3p
[中圖分類號(hào)] R739.41 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2019)10(a)-0007-05
Studies of miR-361-3p in regulating the function of glioblastoma cells
GUO Xiaoye ? MAO Ping ? WANG Jia ? LIAN Haiping ? WANG Wei ? BAI Xiaobin ? SONG Jinning
Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, Xi′an ? 710061, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the role of miR-361-3p in glioblastoma (GB) cells. Methods LN299, U87MG and normal human astrocytes (NHA) were cultured. miR-361-3p mimic or inhibitor and MTCP1 siRNA (si-MTCP1) were transfected into U87MG cells, respectively. Gene expression was tested by RT-PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 and Caspase3 kits, respectively. The binding of miR-361-3p and MTCP1 were detected by luciferase reporter assay. Results Relative to NHA, miR-361-3p levels were lower in LN299 and U87MG. Transfected with mimic, MTCP1 levels and the proliferation of U87MG cells were decreased, and the Caspase3 activity was increased, and luciferase activity in WT-MTCP1 was decreased. Furthermore, transfected with inhibitor, the proliferation of U87MG cells were increased, while the apoptosis rate in the si-MTCP1 group was increased. Conclusion MiR-361-3p may inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of GB cells by inhibiting MTCP1.
[Key words] Glioblastoma; Cell proliferation; Apoptosis; miR-361-3p
惡性膠質(zhì)瘤(glioblastoma,GB)是一種起源于大腦或脊髓膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的腫瘤。GB的治療通常采用手術(shù)、化療和放療的綜合方法,但復(fù)發(fā)率較高[1]?;虬邢蛑委熓荊B治療的新方法[2]。研究證實(shí),微小RNA(miRNA)在GB的發(fā)生過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用,可調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖,介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)和關(guān)鍵激酶的表達(dá)[3]。最新研究[4]發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-361-3p可以抑制視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤的增殖和干性特征。然而,miR-361-3p在GB中的詳細(xì)功能和機(jī)制尚不清楚。本研究探討miR-361-3p及其靶基因成熟T細(xì)胞增殖1(mature T cell proliferation 1,MTCP1)與GB的增殖和凋亡的關(guān)系。
1 材料與方法
1.1 細(xì)胞系和培養(yǎng)
人正常星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞(normal human astrocytes,NHA)和GB細(xì)胞系LN299和U87MG購(gòu)自美國(guó)典型培養(yǎng)物保藏中心(American Type Culture Collection,ATCC,Manassas,USA)。使用含10% FBS的DMEM培養(yǎng)基于37℃、5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。
1.2 RNA寡核糖核苷酸構(gòu)建和脂轉(zhuǎn)染
miR-361-3p mimic(mimic)、miR-361-3p inhibitor(inhibitor)和MTCP1 siRNA(si-MTCP1)購(gòu)自Gemma Biology公司(中國(guó)上海)。U87MG細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染實(shí)驗(yàn)分組:control組、mimic組及陰性對(duì)照組(mimic-NC組)、inhibitor組及其陰性對(duì)照組(inhibitor-NC組)、si-MTCP1及其陰性對(duì)照組(si-NC組)。使用Lipofectamine 2000脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染,隨后在37℃、5%CO2和95%濕度下孵育8 h。
1.3 RT-PCR和Western blot檢測(cè)miR-361-3p和MTCP1的表達(dá)
用Trizol試劑提取各組細(xì)胞總RNA,對(duì)RNA進(jìn)行定量分析后,用反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒合成cDNA,用PCR儀對(duì)cDNA進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增。根據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR試劑盒對(duì)其進(jìn)行定量分析。
Western blot:收集細(xì)胞并加入1 mL RIPA裂解液,抽提總蛋白。通過(guò)10% SDS-PAGE凝膠電泳分離蛋白質(zhì)并轉(zhuǎn)移到聚偏二氟乙烯膜上。用5%脫脂牛奶封閉1 h后,將膜與一抗MTCP1(Abcam,ab128358, 1∶1000)或GADPH(Abcam,ab131385,1∶1000)在4℃下孵育過(guò)夜。通過(guò)增強(qiáng)的化學(xué)發(fā)光法(Western Biotechnology Corporation)使免疫反應(yīng)條帶顯色。
1.4 CCK-8檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖
將細(xì)胞消化后,移入15 mL離心管,1500 r/min離心5 min(離心半徑60 cm),將細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)入6孔板培養(yǎng)。48 h后使用CCK8檢測(cè)細(xì)胞活力。10 μL濃度為5 mg/mL的CCK8溶劑添加到96孔板,避光孵育2 h后在450 nm處檢測(cè)吸光度[5-6]。
1.5 細(xì)胞凋亡率檢測(cè)
使用細(xì)胞凋亡酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定(ELISA)試劑盒(Roche Diagnostics,德國(guó))檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡率。細(xì)胞裂解30 min后將細(xì)胞質(zhì)溶解物轉(zhuǎn)入雙抗涂抹的細(xì)胞板中,加入Anti-DNA-POD和Anti-histone-biotin 孵育2 h。用酶標(biāo)儀檢測(cè)490 nm處吸光度值。
1.6 熒光素酶報(bào)告基因測(cè)定
基于TIANAMP基因組DNA試劑盒(TIANGEN Biotech,中國(guó))的操作手冊(cè),提取DNA用于構(gòu)建熒光素酶報(bào)告載體。使用miR361-3p或陰性對(duì)照組NC和熒光素酶報(bào)告載體分別共轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h,收集細(xì)胞并使用雙熒光素酶報(bào)告分析系統(tǒng)(E1910)(Promega,中國(guó))檢測(cè)樣品的熒光素酶活化。
1.7 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 22.0軟件進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組比較使用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用Bonferroni法。兩組計(jì)量資料比較采用t檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 miR-361-3p在GB細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)
與NHA比較,LN299和U87MG細(xì)胞中的miR-361-3p降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);另外,與LN299比較,U87MG細(xì)胞中的miR-361-3p降低(P < 0.05)(圖1)。
與NHA比較,*P < 0.05;與LN229比較,#P < 0.05。NHA:人正常星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞
2.2 miR-361-3p抑制MTCP1
與control組或mimic-NC組比較,mimic組中miR-361-3p升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)(圖2A),且MTCP1的mRNA表達(dá)水平及蛋白水平均降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)(圖2B~D)。
2.3 miR-361-3p抑制GB細(xì)胞的增殖
轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,mimic組的細(xì)胞增殖率低于control組及mimic-NC組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)(圖3A)。
2.4 miR-361-3p促進(jìn)Caspase3活性
mimic組的Caspase3活性高于control組及mimic-NC組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)(圖3B);另外mimic組的cleaved-Caspase3的表達(dá)水平高于control組及mimic-NC組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)(圖3C~D)。
2.5 miR-361-3p通過(guò)下調(diào)其靶基因MTCP1調(diào)節(jié)GB細(xì)胞的增殖和凋亡
miR-361-3p與MTCP1 mRNA的3′-UTR區(qū)域結(jié)合位點(diǎn)的序列如圖4A所示。另外,與mimic-NC組比較,mimic組中WT-MTCP1的熒光素酶活性降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)(圖4B)。與control組和inhibitor-NC組比較,inhibitor組能抑制miR-361-3p,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)(圖4C)。與control組和si-NC組比較,si-MTCP1組能抑制MTCP1表達(dá),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)(圖4D)。與control組或si-NC組比較,si-MTCP1組的細(xì)胞增殖能力減弱,但與control組或inhibitor-NC組比較,inhibitor組增殖活性增強(qiáng),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)(圖4E)。與control組或inhibitor-NC組比較,inhibitor組的Caspase3活性減弱,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);而與control組或si-NC組比較,si-MTCP1組的Caspase3活性增加,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)(圖4F)。
3 討論
GB由大腦或脊髓起源,并隨著神經(jīng)細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡等多種功能的失調(diào),細(xì)胞侵襲性增加,形成轉(zhuǎn)移特征,從而使腫瘤惡變[7-9]。已報(bào)道多種與惡性發(fā)展相關(guān)的miRNA,且大量關(guān)于miRNA的促進(jìn)或抑制細(xì)胞的增殖和凋亡仍然是目前研究的熱點(diǎn),例如miR-622[10]、miR-548b[11]、miR-21和miR-1224-5p[12]等。miRNA是抗GB的一類潛在靶點(diǎn)[13]。本研究提示miR-361-3p可能通過(guò)抑制MTCP1來(lái)抑制GB細(xì)胞的增殖,并促進(jìn)凋亡。
miR-361-3p與各種癌癥(如非小細(xì)胞肺癌、胰腺導(dǎo)管腺癌、膠質(zhì)母細(xì)胞瘤)的增殖和凋亡有關(guān)[4,14-15]。研究證實(shí)miR-361-3p在非小細(xì)胞肺癌中表達(dá)降低,并發(fā)揮抑癌的作用[14]。另外,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-361-3p靶向雙特異性磷酸酶2抗體(DUSP2)能調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞外調(diào)節(jié)蛋白激酶(ERK),并抑制胰腺導(dǎo)管腺癌的上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化[15]。而且miR-361-3p在視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤中表達(dá)降低,并抑制視網(wǎng)膜母細(xì)胞瘤細(xì)胞的增殖和干性[4]。與以上研究結(jié)果類似,本研究中miR-361-3p在U87MG和LN299細(xì)胞系中的表達(dá)降低,而且過(guò)表達(dá)miR-361-3p可以抑制GB細(xì)胞的增殖活性,增強(qiáng)細(xì)胞凋亡標(biāo)志物Caspase3活性,此結(jié)果進(jìn)一步提示miR-361-3p在包括GB在內(nèi)的多種腫瘤中可能扮演抑癌基因。
miR-361-3p往往可調(diào)節(jié)多種靶基因,如胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF1)[16]、TNF基因[17]、轉(zhuǎn)錄活性p73基因[18]和促卵泡激素(FSH)[19]。研究表明,MTCP1能與關(guān)鍵癌癥調(diào)節(jié)基因AKT1相互作用[20],推測(cè)其具有重要的腫瘤調(diào)節(jié)作用。另外,MTCP1已被證實(shí)可在GB細(xì)胞中被miR-126靶向抑制[21]。本研究同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)MTCP1在GB細(xì)胞中可被miR-361-3p靶向抑制,且si-MTCP1能抑制GB細(xì)胞的增殖,并促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡。與本研究結(jié)果類似,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在GB中si-MTCP1可以抑制GB腫瘤組織的生長(zhǎng)和GB細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移[21],提示miR-361-3p通過(guò)抑制MTCP1進(jìn)而抑制GB細(xì)胞的增殖并促進(jìn)凋亡。
綜上所述,本研究提示miR-361-3p抑制GB細(xì)胞的增殖并促進(jìn)凋亡,對(duì)MTCP1的抑制是miR-361-3p發(fā)揮功能的關(guān)鍵機(jī)制之一。本研究提供了miR-361-3p對(duì)GB抑癌作用的體外實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù),揭示新的miR-361-3p/MTCP1分子組合對(duì)GB細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡的影響,為GB靶向治療的動(dòng)物及臨床研究提供了一個(gè)新靶點(diǎn)。
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(收稿日期:2019-04-15 ?本文編輯:張瑜杰)