王凡 鄧心燕 姚銘輝 田甜 劉影 王慧 王佳 董小耘
[摘要] 目的 研究天花粉蛋白(TCS)對人宮頸癌細胞(HeLa細胞)誘導凋亡的作用及機制。 方法 低劑量(7 μmol/L)、中劑量(14 μmol/L)和高劑量(28 μmol/L)TCS處理HeLa細胞10~82 h后,觀察細胞形態(tài)及細胞生長情況。同樣梯度劑量的TCS處理HeLa細胞24 h后,檢測細胞周期,凋亡變化,應用蛋白免疫印跡法檢測細胞凋亡相關蛋白表達。 結果 TSC處理后HeLa細胞形態(tài)皺縮,貼壁變差,增殖減少,呈劑量依賴性,低、中劑量TCS組隨時間延長,細胞數逐步減少(r = -0.9727、-0.9757,P < 0.05)。處理24 h后中、高劑量TCS組G0/G1期比例較空白對照組增加(P < 0.05),低、中、高劑量TCS組S期比例較空白對照組降低,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。低、中、高劑量TCS組HeLa細胞凋亡率較空白對照組增加(P < 0.05)。與空白對照組比較,低、中、高劑量TCS組Caspase-3、Caspase-9、聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶(PARP)和磷酸化細胞外調節(jié)蛋白激酶(p-ERK)蛋白表達水平逐漸減少,與TCS呈現濃度依賴關系(r = -0.969,P < 0.05)。 結論 TCS通過活化Caspase家族蛋白、誘導細胞凋亡,進而抑制宮頸癌HeLa細胞增殖,從而發(fā)揮抗腫瘤作用。
[關鍵詞] 天花粉蛋白;細胞凋亡;細胞周期;半胱天冬酶;宮頸癌細胞
[中圖分類號] R737.33? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2019)06(b)-0013-05
Effect of trichosanthin on proliferation and apoptosis of human cervical cancer cells and research on its mechanism
WANG Fan1,2? ?DENG Xinyan1,2? ?YAO Minghui1? ?TIAN Tian1? ?LIU Ying1? ?WANG Hui1? ?WANG Jia1? ?DONG Xiaoyun1,2
1.Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou? ?225000, China; 2.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou? ?225000, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the effect and mechanism of trichosanthin (TCS) on inducing apoptosis of human cervical cancer HeLa cells. Methods HeLa cells were treated with low (7 μmol/L), medium (14 μmol/L) and high (28 μmol/L) doses of TCS for 10-82 h, the cell morphology and inhibition of cell growth was observed. The cell cycle and apoptosis was detected and Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of apoptosis proteins of cervical cancer cells HeLa after treated with TCS for 24 h. Results HeLa cells of cervical cancer treated by TSC showed wrinkles and deformation, the growth of HeLa cells was inhibited. The number of cells in low and medium dose of TCS group decreased with time (r = -0.9727, -0.9757, P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the G0/G1 phase of HeLa cells in medium, high dose of TCS group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the S phase in low, medium, high dose of TCS group were decreased after TCS treated for 24 h, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of HeLa cells in the low, medium and high dose of TCS group was increased compared with that in the blank control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the protein expressions levels of Caspase-9, Caspase-3, polyadenosine diphosphate ribosome polymerase (PARP) and p-extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) in low, medium, high dose of TCS group were gradually decreased in a dose-dependent manner after of TCS treatment (r = -0.969, P < 0.05). Conclusion TCS can induce apoptosis by activating the Caspase family of proteins to inhibit the proliferation of cervical cancer HeLa cells to exert anti-tumor effects.
與空白對照組比較,低、中、高劑量TCS組Caspase-9、Caspase-3、PARP、p-ERK及ERK蛋白表達均降低(P < 0.05)。與低劑量TCS組比較,中劑量TCS組Caspase-9、Caspase-3、PARP及p-ERK蛋白表達均明顯降低(P < 0.05)。高劑量TCS組的Caspase-9、Caspase-3、PARP及p-ERK蛋白表達較低、中劑量TCS組降低(P < 0.05),而ERK表達量與低、中劑量TCS組比較差異無統計學意義(P > 0.05)。Caspase-9、Caspase-3、PARP和p-ERK蛋白表達水平與TCS濃度呈負相關關系(r = -0.969,P < 0.05)。見圖5、表3。
3 討論
細胞凋亡在治療癌癥中有重要地位[7]。研究表明,TCS可誘導多種腫瘤細胞凋亡[8-9]。本研究結果顯示,經TCS作用后的HeLa細胞出現了皺縮、間隙增大、細胞數減少等細胞凋亡的形態(tài)學改變。經過TCS處理后的HeLa細胞凋亡率隨著濃度和時間的增加而逐漸升高。同時,TCS也使HeLa細胞出現G0/G1期的比例增高,S期比例降低,提示G1期阻滯。S期為DNA合成期,TCS使細胞阻滯于G1期,細胞無法進行DNA合成,繼而引起細胞凋亡。
蛋白酶降解細胞內蛋白質從而參與細胞凋亡過程[10]。Caspase家族如Caspase-3和Caspase-9在細胞凋亡中起著關鍵作用[11-13]。正常情況下,Caspase-9以及Caspase-3以無活性的酶原形式存在于細胞內,細胞發(fā)生凋亡時線粒體可釋放促凋亡因子,進入細胞質促進啟動子Caspase-9的激活,后者反過來激活效應Caspase,如Caspase-3[14]。Caspase-3也是多種凋亡途徑的共同下游效應部分[15]?;罨呀夂蟮腃aspase-3可切割PARP,PARP為DNA修復酶,從而使PARP失去對DNA的修復功能[6]。本研究結果顯示,TCS使Caspase-9及Caspase-3不再以無活性的酶原形式存在于細胞內,Caspase-9以及Caspase-3活化后裂解PARP,DNA修復受阻,從而使發(fā)生細胞凋亡。
ERK信號通路激活與細胞生長、增殖有關[17-18],如早在1996年便發(fā)現可通過Ras/Raf/ERK途徑促凋亡功能[19]。本研究發(fā)現隨著TCS濃度的升高,p-ERK表達依次降低,提示TCS可抑制細胞ERK磷酸化。黃益玲等[20]發(fā)現TCS抑制PC3細胞增殖的機制可能為TCS能抑制ERK磷酸化,與本研究結果類似,ERK磷酸化減少可能與細胞凋亡有關,其分子機制有待進一步研究。
綜上所述,TCS通過活化Caspase家族蛋白,誘導細胞凋亡,進而抑制宮頸癌細胞增殖,從而發(fā)揮抗腫瘤作用,但其具體分子機制仍需進一步的研究。
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