Green-House顛覆性住宅設(shè)計(jì)國(guó)際競(jìng)賽方案，芝加哥，美國(guó)

Green-House:A Proposal for Disruptive Design Challenge: Making Homeownership Affordable in Chicago, USA

朱文一

競(jìng)賽要求在芝加哥城居住區(qū)中選擇典型的宅基地作為設(shè)計(jì)地，在25英尺×125英尺的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地塊上設(shè)計(jì)一幢19英尺寬的住宅。芝加哥的住宅類型豐富，既有歐洲殖民式風(fēng)格住宅，也有建筑大師賴特的現(xiàn)代主義風(fēng)格住宅和密斯·凡·德·羅的范斯沃斯住宅，還有各式各樣現(xiàn)代主義建筑之后的住宅。競(jìng)賽題目中明確提出了“顛覆性設(shè)計(jì)挑戰(zhàn)”的目標(biāo)。

據(jù)報(bào)道，都市農(nóng)業(yè)在芝加哥城發(fā)展迅猛，特別是蔬菜類種植大棚的發(fā)展已經(jīng)位居美國(guó)城市前列?？梢栽O(shè)想，在未來(lái)城市中，也許會(huì)有更多的居民有興趣蔬菜種植。例如，從事創(chuàng)意工作等領(lǐng)域的人可以在工作之余搞點(diǎn)蔬菜種植等。芝加哥城市的住宅模式通常是長(zhǎng)條形宅基地上房子居中，入口前有前院，后院有車(chē)庫(kù)和后院。居民一般在前院和后院種植花草。這樣的方式不能滿足蔬菜種植的規(guī)模要求。朱文一工作室提交的Green-House方案選址芝加哥城西面漢波特公園（Humboldt Park）旁的居住社區(qū)，在滿足基本居住功能前提下，探索通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)方式實(shí)現(xiàn)蔬菜種植最大化（圖1）。

第一，Green-House在英語(yǔ)中意為溫室，即室內(nèi)種植植物的地方。Green-House方案通過(guò)半地半宅的長(zhǎng)向用地劃分和獨(dú)特的半透明、半實(shí)體住宅形式，最大程度地實(shí)現(xiàn)了蔬菜種植的最大化。空間高大的溫室充分考慮芝加哥冬季寒冷的氣候，實(shí)現(xiàn)了全季節(jié)、全天候蔬菜種植（圖2）。

第二，方案Green-House設(shè)計(jì)完全滿足芝加哥城有關(guān)住宅設(shè)計(jì)的各種規(guī)章，實(shí)體部分占地9.5英尺×70英尺，地下室為機(jī)械用房和工作坊，一層為客廳和廚房及餐廳，二層為兒童臥室和書(shū)房，三層為主人臥室和書(shū)房（圖3），通過(guò)懸挑陽(yáng)臺(tái)等方式保證了住宅各項(xiàng)功能的要求。單坡屋頂上安裝的光伏板可以為溫室提供部分電力。

第三，住宅正立面的一半為全透明設(shè)計(jì)，下部7英尺高是作為入口和通風(fēng)窗的可開(kāi)啟玻璃，上部28英尺高、9.5英尺寬為整塊大玻璃。住宅側(cè)立面則充分展示地上的蔬菜種植和陽(yáng)臺(tái)上的立體種植。

Green-House方案實(shí)現(xiàn)了未來(lái)生活方式的空間呈現(xiàn)。這是一種顛覆性的住宅設(shè)計(jì)（圖4）。在衛(wèi)星地圖上，Green-House方案將以其獨(dú)特的形式增加芝加哥漢波特公園居住社區(qū)住宅建筑的豐富性（圖5）。

圖1 / Figure 1 Green-House設(shè)計(jì)方案Proposal Green-House

FULL TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

The competition required the selection of a typical homestead as a design site in the Chicago City residential area. Design a 19’ wide home on a standard parcel of 25’ × 125’. There are rich styles of houses in Chicago’s history, such as different kinds of European colonial styles, the modernist style of the architect Frank Lloyd Wright and the Farnsworth House of Mies van der Rohe, as well as the styles after modernist. The goal of “Disruptive Design Challenge” is clearly stated in the competition topic.

According to the report, urban agriculture is developing rapidly in Chicago, especially the development of vegetable growing greenhouses has been ranked in the forefront of the cities in US. It is conceivable that in future cities, there may be more residents interested in vegetable cultivation. For example, people in areas such as creative work can do some vegetable planting after work. The residential pattern in the Chicago city is that the construction usually centered on a long strip of homestead with a front yard in front of the entrance and a backyard in the backyard. Residents generally plant flowers and plants in the front and back yards. This way can not meet the scale requirements of vegetable cultivation. The proposal Green-House submitted by ZHUWENYI Atelier is located in the residential community around Humboldt Park in the west of Chicago city. Under the satisfying the basic living function, it explores the maximum vegetable cultivation through design(Figure 1).

First, Green house means greenhouse in English,where plants grow indoors. The proposal Green-House maximizes vegetable cultivation by dividing the long-term land use and half transparent, half solid residential forms. The big greenhouse takes into account the cold winter climate of Chicago and enables all-season, all-weather vegetable growing (Figure 2).

Second, the proposal Green-House is designed to fully meet the Chicago City regulations on residential design. The physical part covers 9.5’ × 70’,the basement is a mechanical room and workshop,the first floor is the living room and kitchen and dining room, and the second floor is for children’s bedroom and study-room, the third foor is for master bedroom and study-room (Figure 3). The requirements for various functions of the house are ensured by means of overhanging the balcony.Photovoltaic panels installed on a single-sloping roof can provide partial power to the greenhouse.

Third, half of the facade of the house is fully transparent, and the lower 7’ high is the openable glass as the entrance and ventilation window.The upper part is 28’ high and the 9.5’ wide is a large piece of glass. The side fa?ade of the house fully displays the vegetable cultivation on the ground and the three-dimensional planting on the balcony (Figure 4).

The proposal Green-House presents a future lifestyle. This is a disruptive residential design not only from the view of Man‘s eye view, but also from the view of God’s eye view on the satellite map (Figure 5, Figure 6).

圖片來(lái)源

Figure Sources

文中圖片均為朱文一工作室提供

All figures are provided by ZHU Wenyi Atelier

圖2 / Figure 2全季節(jié)的Green-House Green-House in All Seasons

圖4 / Figure 4 Green-House立面圖Elevation of Green-House