3D TRACING和平紀(jì)念：第一次世界大戰(zhàn)停戰(zhàn)百年設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽方案，法國(guó)加萊地區(qū)

朱文一

2018年11月11日是第一次世界大戰(zhàn)停戰(zhàn)100周年紀(jì)念日。為此，和平紀(jì)念設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽要求參賽者在法國(guó)加萊地區(qū)自選地段，通過創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)來紀(jì)念一戰(zhàn)停戰(zhàn)100周年。競(jìng)賽任務(wù)書指出，一戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí)，面對(duì)被摧毀的滿目瘡痍的城市，影響至今的現(xiàn)代建造方式——預(yù)制混凝土技術(shù)橫空出世；今天，預(yù)示未來的3D打印技術(shù)在建筑上的應(yīng)用初現(xiàn)端倪。

在地圖上找尋全世界80個(gè)紀(jì)念一戰(zhàn)墓地的基礎(chǔ)上（圖1），在尊重每一處墓地的前提下，方案“3D TRACING”提出了用3D打印機(jī)點(diǎn)亮墓地圍墻的紀(jì)念方式，來紀(jì)念一戰(zhàn)結(jié)束100周年。

第一，尊重每一處墓地的具體狀況，在其周邊增加一圈通過3D打印半透明材料構(gòu)成的圍墻。其中預(yù)埋的發(fā)光LED在夜晚發(fā)光，使得發(fā)光的墓地邊界在夜晚可以被識(shí)別。這一獨(dú)特的紀(jì)念方式，在白天看來加強(qiáng)了墓地的物質(zhì)邊界，展示對(duì)逝者的尊重；在夜晚從地面或空中鳥瞰發(fā)光墓地，又能感受別樣的、特殊紀(jì)念氛圍（圖2、圖3）。

第二，3D打印的特點(diǎn)之一是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)完全無人操作，同時(shí)可以24小時(shí)不知疲倦地工作。方案“3D TRACING”應(yīng)用成熟的3D打印機(jī)器人技術(shù)，采用半透明聚酯纖維材料打印。針對(duì)每一處墓地的具體狀況，沿圍墻鋪設(shè)軌道，并安放3D打印機(jī)器人打印。這樣的方式具有很強(qiáng)的可操作性。

第三，在全世界范圍內(nèi)，全面紀(jì)念一戰(zhàn)停戰(zhàn)100周年；對(duì)應(yīng)世界大戰(zhàn)，舉行世界紀(jì)念。法國(guó)加萊地區(qū)是一戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的主要地區(qū)，也是墓地集中的區(qū)域。11月11日夜晚，人們可以以飛行方式俯瞰一個(gè)個(gè)發(fā)光的墓地；或通過電視或網(wǎng)絡(luò)觀看發(fā)光墓地，默默紀(jì)念一戰(zhàn)停戰(zhàn)100周年。此外，3D打印本身也是3D追憶的過程（圖4）！

什么樣的建筑類型和形式更適合3D打印機(jī)器人？什么樣的材料更符合在地球上使用3D打印機(jī)器人？什么樣的價(jià)格或便捷程度可以實(shí)現(xiàn)3D打印機(jī)器人在建筑領(lǐng)域的規(guī)?；瘧?yīng)用？這些問題及其他相關(guān)問題都是今天的建筑師面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。3D Tracing方案在這方面進(jìn)行了嘗試（圖5）。

圖1 / Figure 1世界范圍內(nèi)的80處一戰(zhàn)墓地80 Cemeteries for WWI Armistice around the world

FULL TEXTS TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

November 11, 2018 is the 100th anniversary of the World War I. To this end, the Peace Memorial Design Competition requires participants to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Armistice through innovative designs in selected areas of the Calais region of France. The competition program pointed out:

In front of the amount of destruction, a new construction technique rised: reinforced concrete.This technique has since modified the economy of construction and all the architecture codes. A hundred years later, 3D printing robots are starting to modify the world of construction in a similar scale.

On the basis of searching for more than 80 commemorative World War I cemeteries around the world,under the premise of respecting each cemetery, the scheme “3D TRACING” proposed a commemorative way to strengthen the cemetery by 3D printing to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Armistice of World War I.

Firstly, respecting the specific conditions of each cemetery, the scheme added a circle of 3D printed translucent material around it. The pre-embedded illuminating LEDs light up at night so that the illuminated cemetery boundaries can be identified.This unique way of commemorating strengthens the material boundary of the cemetery during the day and shows respect for the deceased; at night,the cemetery is marked up both on the ground and from the sky, and creates a different kind of special commemorative atmosphere.

Secondly, one of the advantages of 3D printing is that it can be completely unmanned and can work tirelessly for 24 hours. The proposal “3D TRACING” uses mature 3D printing robot technology,printed with translucent polyester fiber material.For each specific situation of the cemetery, a track is laid along the fence and a 3D printing robot is placed for printing. This way has a strong operability.

Thirdly, the scheme commemorates the centenary of the end of WWI worldwide. Calais has been the major battle field of WWI especially, where most of the cemeteries for WWI locate. By the night of the November 11th, people can fly above the “3D tracing” illuminated cemeteries, or watch them on the screens, silently commemorating the 100th anniversary of the end of World War I From 3D Printing to 3D Tracing!

What type of building and architectural form is more suitable for 3D printing robots? What kind of material is more suitable for using 3D printing robots on earth? What kind of price or convenience can realize the large-scale application of 3D printing robots in the construction field? And so on are the challenges that today’s architects confronting with. The proposal 3D Tracing made an attempt in this regard.

圖片來源

Figure Sources

文中圖片均為朱文一工作室提供

All figures are provided by ZHU Wenyi Atelier

圖2 / Figure 2 3D打印機(jī)器人打印半透明發(fā)光帶Translucent Belt by 3D Printing Robot

圖3 / Figure 3半透明發(fā)光帶點(diǎn)亮一戰(zhàn)墓地WWI Cemeteries highlighted by Translucent Belt

圖4 / Figure 4 3D打印本身也是3D追憶的過程From 3D Printing to 3D Tracing!

圖5 / Figure 5衛(wèi)星圖上法國(guó)加萊地區(qū)的3D Tracing 方案Proposal 3D Tracing on Satellite map, Calais, France