可持續(xù)發(fā)展新路徑：環(huán)境規(guī)制和技術(shù)進(jìn)步

程廣斌 陳曦

關(guān)鍵詞：可持續(xù)發(fā)展;環(huán)境規(guī)制;技術(shù)門(mén)檻;門(mén)檻模型

摘要：“環(huán)境保護(hù)”和“創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)”是聚焦高質(zhì)量發(fā)展總目標(biāo)下推動(dòng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的應(yīng)有之義。本文基于環(huán)境規(guī)制、技術(shù)進(jìn)步和可持續(xù)發(fā)展間的作用機(jī)理，采用中國(guó)大陸30個(gè)?。ㄊ小⒆灾螀^(qū)）2004-2016年的省級(jí)面板數(shù)據(jù)建立動(dòng)態(tài)面板模型，定性定量檢驗(yàn)三者之間的關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果表明：就全國(guó)層面而言，恰當(dāng)?shù)沫h(huán)境規(guī)制能夠激發(fā)企業(yè)綠色技術(shù)創(chuàng)新活動(dòng)， 環(huán)境規(guī)制、技術(shù)進(jìn)步以及二者的互動(dòng)都能顯著推動(dòng)區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展，進(jìn)而“波特假說(shuō)”被證實(shí);而就區(qū)域分組結(jié)果來(lái)看，環(huán)境規(guī)制、技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的推動(dòng)并不是無(wú)條件的，在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和創(chuàng)新能力總體落后于東中部的西部來(lái)說(shuō)，環(huán)境規(guī)制通過(guò)將環(huán)境成本內(nèi)部化，增加企業(yè)的私人經(jīng)營(yíng)成本，產(chǎn)生擠出效應(yīng)，減少了企業(yè)的研發(fā)投入，不利于企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新活動(dòng)的開(kāi)展，環(huán)境規(guī)制對(duì)需要跨越一定的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新門(mén)檻才能對(duì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展發(fā)揮積極的推動(dòng)作用，從而“波特假說(shuō)”被證偽。

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：F061.5

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A

文章編號(hào)：10012435（2019）03006909

Abstract：Environmental protection and innovation-driven are the proper meanings of promoting sustainable development under the overall goal of focusing on high-quality development. This paper uses the provincial panel data of 2004-2016 provinces in 30 provinces （municipalities and autonomous regions） in mainland China， bases on the interaction mechanism between environmental regulation， technological progress and sustainable development， establishes the dynamic panel model to examine the relationship between the three qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that ：at the national level， appropriate environmental regulation can stimulate enterprises'green technological innovation activities. Environmental regulation， technological progress and their interaction can significantly promote regional sustainable development， and then the “Porter hypothesis” is confirmed. From the results of regional grouping， the promotion of environmental regulation and technological progress on sustainable development is not unconditional. As far as the level of economic development and innovation ability are generally lagging behind the western part of the eastern and central regions， environmental regulation is not conducive to the development of technological innovation activities by internalizing environmental costs， increasing the private operating costs of enterprises， resulting in crowding-out effect， reducing the R&D investment of enterprises. That is to say， environmental regulation has to cross a certain threshold of technological innovation to play a positive role in promoting sustainable development， thus the “Porter Hypothesis” has been falsified.

習(xí)近平總書(shū)記在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十九次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)所作的《決勝全面建成小康社會(huì)，奪取新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大勝利》報(bào)告中指出：“我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)已由高速增長(zhǎng)階段轉(zhuǎn)向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展階段。”高質(zhì)量發(fā)展以科技創(chuàng)新為手段，以人民向往為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展為最終目的，而發(fā)展質(zhì)量的高低取決于經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展能否滿足人民對(duì)美好生活的不斷增長(zhǎng)的要求，其中最為直接的就是同人民生產(chǎn)生活密切相關(guān)的對(duì)環(huán)境的要求。[1]繼2015年1月我國(guó)開(kāi)始實(shí)施史上最嚴(yán)格環(huán)保法后，各省份也相繼出臺(tái)新的地方性環(huán)境保護(hù)的規(guī)章條例提升環(huán)境規(guī)制強(qiáng)度，釋放出加強(qiáng)環(huán)保力度的積極信號(hào)。環(huán)境規(guī)制作為推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、資源、社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的主要政策工具，其本質(zhì)是使企業(yè)排污造成的社會(huì)成本內(nèi)部化，促使企業(yè)節(jié)能減排、加快技術(shù)革新，在實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境保護(hù)的同時(shí)又推動(dòng)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，不少企業(yè)卻將綠色制造視作負(fù)擔(dān)，由于研發(fā)成本過(guò)高、研發(fā)能力不足等原因無(wú)法進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品、技術(shù)、生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和管理方式的優(yōu)化革新，環(huán)境規(guī)制和技術(shù)進(jìn)步無(wú)法有機(jī)結(jié)合，甚至造成了更大的負(fù)外部性。資源環(huán)境約束和自主創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)現(xiàn)已成為推動(dòng)中國(guó)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要制約瓶頸，因此，厘清環(huán)境規(guī)制、技術(shù)進(jìn)步與可持續(xù)發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系，有助于推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。