中青年冠心病患者自我管理行為與生活質(zhì)量及社會(huì)支持狀況的關(guān)系

李少枝

[摘要] 目的 探討中青年冠心病患者自我管理行為與生活質(zhì)量和社會(huì)支持之間的關(guān)系。 方法 選擇2012年1月～2016年5月佛山市中醫(yī)院就診的中青年冠心病患者185例，采用冠心病自我管理量表、健康調(diào)查簡(jiǎn)易量表SF-36、社會(huì)支持評(píng)定量表對(duì)所有患者進(jìn)行調(diào)查，匯總各量表得分情況，并采用Pearson相關(guān)檢驗(yàn)法分析自我管理行為與生活質(zhì)量及社會(huì)支持狀況的相關(guān)性。 結(jié)果 中青年自我管理各維度得分指標(biāo)從高到低依次為日常生活管理、情緒管理、疾病醫(yī)學(xué)管理;生活質(zhì)量各維度得分指標(biāo)從高到低依次為生理機(jī)能、社會(huì)功能、生理職能、軀體疼痛、總體健康、精神健康、情感職能、生命活力;社會(huì)支持各維度得分指標(biāo)從高到低為主觀支持、客觀支持及支持利用度。生活質(zhì)量與自我管理行為呈正相關(guān)（r > 0，P < 0.05），社會(huì)支持與自我管理行為呈正相關(guān)（r > 0，P < 0.05）。 結(jié)論 中青年冠心病患者的自我管理行為、生活質(zhì)量及社會(huì)支持均處于中等偏下水平，且自我管理行為與生活質(zhì)量和社會(huì)支持具有密切聯(lián)系，應(yīng)通過(guò)增強(qiáng)社會(huì)支持力度，提高患者自我管理行為進(jìn)而改善患者生活質(zhì)量。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 冠心病;自我管理;生活質(zhì)量;社會(huì)支持

[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R541.4? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210（2019）03（a）-0080-04

[Abstract] Objective To explore the relationship between self-management behavior of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease and quality of life， social support. Methods From January 2012 to May 2016， in Foshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital， 185 young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease were selected， and all patients were investigated by coronary heart disease self-management scale， health survey summary scale SF-36， social support rating scale， and the scores were summarized. The relationship between self-management behavior， quality of life and social support was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. Results The scores self-management of middle-aged and young people from high to low were daily life management， emotion management and disease medical management in turn. The scores of each dimension of quality of life from high to low were physiological function， social function， physiological function， somatic pain， general health， mental health， emotional function and vitality. The scores of social support from high to low were subjective support， objective support and support utilization. Quality of life was positively correlated with self-management behavior （r > 0， P < 0.05）， and social support was positively correlated with self-management behavior （r > 0， P < 0.05）. Conclusion Self-management behavior of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease， quality of life and social support are all in the middle and lower level， and self-management behavior is closely related to quality of life and social support. It should strengthen social support to improve self-management behavior and quality of life of patients.

[Key words] Coronary heart disease; Self-management; Quality of life; Social support

冠心病是臨床常見(jiàn)的慢性心血管疾病，具有較高的患病率、致殘率和死亡率。調(diào)查報(bào)告顯示目前全球冠心病每年的死亡人數(shù)已超過(guò)700萬(wàn)，成為嚴(yán)重危害人類(lèi)健康的公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題[1]。我國(guó)冠心病的發(fā)病率呈逐年升高趨勢(shì)，且發(fā)病年齡逐漸年輕化，中青年人群冠心病的發(fā)病率明顯升高，給患者、家庭及社會(huì)均造成沉重負(fù)擔(dān)，同時(shí)增加了政府的醫(yī)療負(fù)擔(dān)[2-3]。冠心病是一種與生活習(xí)慣密切相關(guān)的慢性疾病，因此自我管理在冠心病的預(yù)防及病情控制中具有重要作用。研究顯示有效的自我管理行為能夠改善患者健康狀況，同時(shí)社會(huì)支持作為應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的重要變量對(duì)冠心病患者的自我管理行為亦具有較大影響。據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示中青年冠心病患者自我管理尚處于較低水平，對(duì)其重視程度不夠[4]。因此，本研究擬通過(guò)對(duì)佛山市中醫(yī)院（以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“我院”）就診的中青年冠心病患者的自我管理行為、生活質(zhì)量及社會(huì)支持狀況進(jìn)行調(diào)查，以期了解自我管理行為與生活質(zhì)量和社會(huì)支持的關(guān)系，為佛山地區(qū)針對(duì)冠心病患者開(kāi)展自我管理教育提供參考依據(jù)，現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下：