梵天凈土，心向往之
——訪攝影家金鋼

文焦俞萍 圖金鋼

梵凈山Mount Fanjing

“披云直上翠微巔，佛國風(fēng)光信可傳。聽似管弦山下水，望如絲縷洞中煙。巖高萬丈疑無地，路傳三叉別有天?；厥讐m凡頻寄語，能來絕處即神仙?！辟F州省銅仁市的江口、印江、松桃交界處，得名于“梵天凈土”的梵凈山坐落于此，山勢巍峨、奇峰險峻、怪石嶙峋、樹木蔥郁，是生態(tài)王國，也是佛教圣地，清代詩人廖云鵬就曾作《登梵凈山絕頂有感》稱頌。今年7月，在第42屆世界遺產(chǎn)大會上，梵凈山成功列入世界自然遺產(chǎn)名錄，成為中國第53處世界遺產(chǎn)、第13處世界自然遺產(chǎn)。

中國攝協(xié)會員金鋼是土生土長的貴州人，十多年來，他堅持每年春夏秋冬各去一次梵凈山，拍攝紅云金頂、蘑菇石、瀑布云等梵凈山四季不同的景致，用相機記錄著梵凈山的瑰麗風(fēng)景，用影像表達(dá)著對家鄉(xiāng)的熱愛和對自然的禮贊。金鋼說，梵凈山有獨特的三重境界——其一為“靜”，其二為“凈”，其三為“境”，令人心向往之，這正是自己十多年堅持拍攝梵凈山的原因。

談到梵凈山，人們對它的第一印象往往是云海。初春時節(jié)，飄乎的云、霧、風(fēng)讓這片土地充滿了仙氣和靈性，金鋼便用鏡頭記錄下了這不可多見的風(fēng)景。晨霧自山谷間裊裊騰起，一重一重，如云天瀑布。而瀑布云也正是梵凈山有名的風(fēng)景，金鋼介紹：“梵凈山由于獨特的山型地貌，以及緯度低、海拔高、多溝谷，森木茂密，雨水充沛，容易形成‘瀑布云’?！俨荚啤且还蓺鈩莺甏蟮目焖僭屏鳎鲃訒r像大海一樣，靜如處子，動如脫兔，每年的春、夏、秋、冬都會有瀑布云?！碑?dāng)云海、瀑布云出現(xiàn)時，梵凈山猶如一座安靜的“空中之城”，美麗不可方物。

除了云海，梵凈山因為得天獨厚的地理位置，加之地勢起伏較大，往往會形成“一山有四季，十里不同天”的奇特景觀。金鋼說，把這些美麗怡人的自然景觀記錄下來，是對人與自然關(guān)系的一種可能性思考。他說：“梵凈山保存著世界上少有的亞熱帶原生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，有生物物種近3000種，還有很多珍稀物種，比如黔金絲猴和珙桐等，它們都是凈土眷顧的自然之子，在‘梵天凈土’的庇佑下，生存、繁衍。我一直在拍攝風(fēng)光，但風(fēng)光攝影不只是風(fēng)花雪月，還有超越光與影的思考，人與自然的關(guān)系?！?/p>

蘑菇石之秋Autumn of Mushroom-shaped Stone

梵凈山作為貴州名山，不僅是國家級自然保護區(qū)，更是中國五大佛教名山之一，著名的彌勒菩薩道場，其深厚的佛教文化底蘊不言而喻。著名詩人王心鑒有《過梵凈山》一詩：“近山褪俗念，唯有竹聲喧。棲心皈凈土，推云步梵天。禪霧入幽谷，佛光上蒼巖。海內(nèi)循道者，多來續(xù)仙緣”，即印證了梵凈山是一個返璞歸真、怡情養(yǎng)性的人間仙境。金鋼說：“梵凈山，得名于‘梵天凈土’，是世人的棲心之地?！彼榻B，紅云金頂是佛山的核心，金頂上的兩座老寺廟，最受四方善眾朝拜，建在梵凈之巔，人們常稱之為“空中的廟宇”。而佛光是梵凈山最奇特的天象奇觀之一，在旭日東升或夕陽西下時，經(jīng)?？梢钥吹狡呱獠式M合成的巨大光環(huán)，里面佛影端坐，莊嚴(yán)肅穆，其景奇異之極，其光絢麗致極。故而，梵凈山成為眾多佛教信眾參禪訪道的圣地，在這里感悟佛的境界。

對于梵凈山的申遺成功，金鋼的喜悅之情溢于言表。他說：“梵凈山能夠成功申遺，因為它滿足了世界自然遺產(chǎn)生物多樣性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和完整性的要求，標(biāo)志著梵凈山成功走向全球視野的大舞臺。作為一個攝影人，我們應(yīng)該用手中的相機，記錄下梵凈山最美的風(fēng)景?！?/p>

梵凈山之冬Winter of Mount Fanjing

"Straight up to the sky with Buddha's scenery,beautiful waters amid smoke.High rocks lead to diverse turns.Looking back to the mortal land,turning immortal in reaching the heights." At the junction of Jiangkou,Yinjiang and Songtao in Tongren City,Guizhou Province,the Mount Fanjing named after the "Pure Land" is located here.Featuring steep and rough rocks,and lush trees,it is both an ecological kingdom and a holy land of Buddhism.LIAO Yunpeng,a poet of the Qing Dynasty,once praised the Mount "Sentiment of Mount Fanjing Summit".In July of this year,Mount Fanjing has been successfully included in the World Natural Heritage List at the 42ndWorld Heritage Conference,becoming China's 53rdWorld Heritage site and the 13thsite of World Natural Heritage.

JIN Gang,a member of the Chinese Photographic Association,is a native of Guizhou.For more than a decade,he insisted on climbing Mount Fanjing every spring,summer,autumn and winter,and shooting different views of the four seasons concerning the Red Cloud Golden Summit,Mushroom Stone,and Waterfall Cloud.He used cameras to record the magnificent scenery of Mount Fanjing and expressed his love for hometown and praise for nature via video materials.JIN said that Mount Fanjing has triple unique realm,one of which is"quiet",the second is "pure",and the third is "state",which is the reason for his decade-long endeavors in shooting.

Talking about the Mount Fanjing,people often think of its sea of clouds.In the early spring,the floating clouds,fog and winds made the land full of holy state and spirituality.Jinsteel used the lens to record this rare scenery.The morning fog rises from the valley as if waterfalls from sky,and the waterfall cloud is also the famous scenery of the mountain.According to JIN Gang,"Waterfalls are easily formed in Fanjing due to unique mountainlike landform,with low latitude,high altitude,numerous valleys,dense forest and abundant rainfalls.'Waterfall Cloud' is an imposing rapid clouds flowing like seawater,as quiet as a virgin and as lively as a rabbit.There will be waterfall clouds in spring,summer,autumn and winter every year." When the clouds and waterfalls appear,the Mount Fanjing is like a quiet "castle of the sky",stunningly beautiful.

梵凈山云海Cloud Sea of Mount Fanjing

In addition to the sea clouds,Mount Fanjing has a unique geographical location,in addition to the fluctuating terrain,it often forms a strange landscape of"four seasons exist in one mountain at the same time".JIN Gang said that the purpose of recording these beautiful natural landscapes is a possible thinking about the relationship between human being and nature.He said: "The Mount Fanjing preserves the world's rare subtropical native ecosystem with nearly 3,000 species,many are most rare,such as the golden monkey and the phoenix tree,the natural offspring of the pure land.Under the blessing of 'Buddhist Pure Land',we survive and multiply.I have been shooting scenery,but such photography is not just about wind and snow,but more importantly reaching beyond light and shadow and cherishing the relationship between human being and the nature."

As a famous mountain in Guizhou,the Mount Fanjing is not only a national nature reserve,but also one of the five famous Buddhist mountains in China.The profound Buddhist cultural heritage of the renowned Maitreya Bodhisattva rite is self-evident.The famous poet WANG Xinjian has a poem "Climbing Mount Fanjing": "Mortal thoughts fade in approaching the mountain,merely holding the tranquility.The pure land pushes me up to the mountain sky,witnessing Zen fog and light from Buddha.All people come for holy connection."which echoes the fact that Mount Fanjing is a paradise on earth for thorough leisure.JIN Gang said: "For the Mount Fanjing,helping it winning the laurel of 'Pure Land' and being considered a resting place for hearts." He introduced that the red cloud golden top is the core of the holy mountain,and the two ancient temples on the golden top are most worshipped.Built at summit of the mountain,people always refer them to as the "Temple in the air".The light from Buddha is one of the most peculiar celestial wonders of the Mount Fanjing.When the sun rises or sets,people can often witness the huge aura of seven brilliant colors.Inside sits the solemn Buddha,forming extremely strange scenery.

For the success of Mount Fanjing's application for World Heritage,JIN Gang's joy is beyond words.He said: "The reasons of Mount Fanjing's successful application are because it meets the requirements of the standards and integrity of the world's natural heritage biodiversity,marking the mountain has successfully entered into international arena.As a photographer,we should use the cameras in hand to record the most beautiful scenery of the Mount Fanjing and convey the arts from your inner hearts."

蘑菇石之秋Autumn of Mushroom-shaped Stone

梵凈山金頂?shù)拇禾霺pring of Mount Fanjing's Gold Top

梵凈山云海Cloud Sea of Mount Fanjing