寧波市普通高中與職業(yè)高中學生失眠狀況調查和比較

敬攀　　胡珍玉　　吳瑕　　梅曦　　禹海航

[摘要] 目的 了解寧波市高中學生失眠發(fā)生狀況以及比較普通高中和職業(yè)高中學生之間的差異。 方法 通過以學生自評的方式，對寧波市2所普通高中和1所職業(yè)高中進行問卷調查，使用一般情況調查問卷和失眠嚴重程度指數(shù)量表（ISI），問卷由班主任老師統(tǒng)一發(fā)放和回收。 結果 共收集有效問卷3283份，其中普通高中1420份，職業(yè)高中1863份，男生1521名（占46.3%），女生1762名（占53.7%）。平均年齡（17.08±0.84）（15～21）歲。寧波市高中學生失眠發(fā)生率為37.5%，其中輕度失眠為28.3%，中度失眠為7.4%，重度失眠為1.8%。寧波市高中學生29.7%存在入睡困難，18.9%存在易醒，11.2%存在早醒。普通高中學生的失眠發(fā)生率33.3%低于職業(yè)高中的40.7%，差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（P<0.01）。 結論 寧波市高中學生失眠狀況較普遍，職業(yè)高中的失眠發(fā)生狀況要高于普通高中學生。

[關鍵詞] 高中學生；失眠；流行病學；調查

[中圖分類號] R740 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701（2018）31-0126-04

Investigation and comparison of insomnia among students in ordinary high schools and vocational high schools in Ningbo City

JING Pan1 HU Zhenyu1 WU Xia2 MEI Xi1 YU Haihang1

1.Department of Psychology， Ningbo Kangning Hospital， Ningbo 315201，China； 2.Ningbo Institute of Hygiene Technology，Ningbo 315201，China

[Abstract] Objective To understand the occurrence of insomnia among high school students in Ningbo and the differences between students in ordinary high schools and vocational high schools. Methods Through self-evaluation by students， questionnaire surveys were conducted on 2 general high schools and 1 vocational high school in Ningbo. General questionnaires and Insomnia Severity Index （ISI） questionnaires were used. Questionnaires were issued and collected by the teacher in charge. Results A total of 3283 effective questionnaires were collected， including 1，420 cases of ordinary high schools，1，863 cases of vocational high schools，1，521 cases of boys（46.3%），and 1，762 cases of girls （53.7%）. The average age was （17.08±0.84） （15-21） years old. The incidence of insomnia among high school students in Ningbo was 37.5%，of which mild insomnia was 28.3%，moderate insomnia was 7.4%，and severe insomnia was 1.8%. Among high school students in Ningbo，29.7% had difficulties in falling asleep，18.9% had easy awakening，and 11.2% had early awakening. The incidence of insomnia in ordinary high school students（33.3%） was lower than that（40.7%） in vocational high schools. There was a significant difference between the two groups（P<0.01）. Conclusion Insomnia is common among high school students in Ningbo， and the incidence of insomnia in vocational high schools is higher than that of ordinary high school students.

[Key words] High school students； Insomnia； Epidemiology； Investigation

隨著社會的發(fā)展，破壞睡眠的因素越來越多，人們的睡眠變得越來越差，成人的失眠發(fā)生率約為30%～60%，兒童青少年的失眠發(fā)生率也達到15%[1-2]。青少年睡眠質量與肥胖、焦慮的發(fā)生、注意力缺陷以及對生活事件的處理方式均有明顯的相關性[3-6]，影響著他們的成長。對于青少年學生，隨著智能手機的廣泛使用及學習壓力等因素，其睡眠情況值得我們關注。我們之前的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，寧波市中學生失眠的發(fā)生率為25%[7]，中學生的睡眠應該要加強關注和引導，而且睡眠時間和青少年學生日間功能密切相關[8]，這也反映睡眠對青少年學生的重要性。本研究通過對普通高中和職業(yè)高中學生進行失眠狀況調查，了解寧波市普通高中和職業(yè)高中失眠的發(fā)生情況及差異，現(xiàn)報道如下。