周瀟 黃婷婷 邱紅
FGFR2、THBS1和THBS4在胃癌組織中的表達及臨床意義
周瀟 黃婷婷 邱紅
作者單位:430030 武漢 華中科技大學同濟醫(yī)學院附屬同濟醫(yī)院腫瘤科
目的探討成纖維細胞生長因子2型受體(fibroblast growth factor receptor 2,F(xiàn)GFR2)、凝血酶敏感蛋白家族(thrombospondins,THBS)成員THBS1和THBS4在胃癌組織中的表達及臨床意義,并分析FGFR2與THBS1、THBS4的相關性。方法采用免疫組化SABC法檢測胃癌組織中FGFR2、THBS1和THBS4的表達,并分析其與臨床病理特征的關系。結(jié)果FGFR2、THBS1和THBS4在胃癌組織中的高表達率分別為68.67%、57.83%和62.65%,三者在胃癌組織中的表達均高于癌旁正常組織(P<0.001)。FGFR2表達與腫瘤浸潤深度(P=0.003)和臨床分期(P=0.009)密切相關,而與患者年齡、性別、腫塊大小、分化程度及淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移無相關性(P>0.05);THBS1表達與患者的臨床病理特征均無相關性(P>0.05);THBS4表達與患者腫瘤分化程度相關,高或中分化腫瘤組織THBS4的表達明顯高于低分化腫瘤組織(P=0.001)。相關性分析顯示FGFR2與THBS1表達呈正相關(r=0.229,P=0.037),與THBS4表達呈負相關(r=-0.213,P=0.045)。結(jié)論FGFR2、THBS1與THBS4在胃癌組織中高表達,F(xiàn)GFR2可能正向調(diào)控THBS1表達,而負向調(diào)控THBS4表達,其作用可能是FGFR2信號通路參與胃癌侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移的分子機制之一。
胃腫瘤;成纖維細胞生長因子2型受體;THBS1;THBS4
胃癌是最常見的消化系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤,近年來發(fā)病率明顯降低,但患者預后并無明顯改善[1]。晚期患者5年生存率不超過5%,中位生存期不足1年[2]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)成纖維細胞生長因子2型受體(fibroblast growth factor receptor 2,F(xiàn)GFR2)在多種腫瘤組織中高表達,被認為是新的腫瘤分子靶向治療靶點[3-4]。凝血酶敏感蛋白家族(thrombospondins,THBS)共有5個成員,可介導癌細胞與間質(zhì)細胞及正常組織細胞間的相互作用,參與腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展[5]。胃癌及癌間質(zhì)中THBS1及THBS4表達情況報道不一致,已有學者關注FGFR家族與THBS家族之間的關系。本研究旨在探討FGFR2、THBS1及THBS4在胃癌組織中的表達及其臨床意義,并分析FGFR2與THBS1、THBS4表達之間的相關性,以期為胃癌臨床診療和預后評價提供參考。
收集我院2014年1月~10月行手術切除的胃癌組織標本83例,所有患者術前均未接受放療或化療,術后均經(jīng)病理學確診。其中男性52例,女性31例;年齡27~81歲,中位年齡 53歲;腫塊>4 cm 39例,≤4 cm 44例;低分化腺癌46例,高或中分化腺癌37例;胃癌分期依據(jù)國際抗癌聯(lián)盟發(fā)布的第八版AJCC胃癌病理分期標準:Ⅰ~Ⅱ期35例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期48例。以距腫瘤組織5 cm以外的正常胃組織為對照組。
兔抗人FGFR2單克隆抗體購于美國Cell Signaling Technology公司,兔抗人THBS1多克隆抗體購于美國Origene公司,兔抗人THBS4多克隆抗體購于美國Abgent公司。SABC檢測試劑盒及DAB顯色液均購于武漢博士德生物工程有限公司。
所有石蠟組織切片均經(jīng)烘干、脫蠟、水化、滅活內(nèi)源性酶和抗原修復后,用5%BSA室溫封閉30 min,加入對應一抗4℃孵育過夜,PBS沖洗后,滴加生物素化山羊抗兔IgG,PBS沖洗后滴加SABC試劑,20 min后再次PBS沖洗,DAB顯色試劑盒顯色,蒸餾水洗滌后蘇木素輕度復染,脫水、透明、封片,顯微鏡下觀察,以PBS代替一抗作為陰性對照。
每張切片隨機選取5個視野,根據(jù)陽性細胞比例及染色強度判讀每個視野的評分。陽性細胞比例:lt;10%為0分,10%~30%為1分,30%~50%為2分,gt;50%為3分。染色強度:未著色為0分;輕度著色為1分;中度著色為2分;強著色為3分。每個視野評分=陽性細胞比例得分×染色強度得分。5個視野評分的平均值為該切片的最終評分。本研究以≥4分定義為高表達,lt;4分為低表達。
采用IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。FGFR2、THBS1和THBS4與各項臨床病理特征之間的關系采用 χ2檢驗或 Fisher確切概率法;FGFR2與THBS1、THBS4之間的相關性分析采用Spearman等級相關分析。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
FGFR2表達于細胞質(zhì)(圖1A),F(xiàn)GFR2高表達率為68.67%(57/83);THBS1和THBS4在細胞質(zhì)與細胞間質(zhì)中均有表達(圖1B-C),高表達率分別為57.83%(48/83)和 62.65%(52/83)。三者在胃癌組織中的表達均高于癌旁正常組織(P<0.001),見圖2。
腫瘤浸潤程度深的患者(T4期)腫瘤組織中FGFR2的表達明顯高于腫瘤浸潤程度較淺的患者(T1期/T2期/T3期)(P=0.003),Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期患者 FGFR2表達亦明顯高于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期患者(P=0.009),提示FGFR2表達與胃癌患者腫瘤浸潤深度和臨床分期密切相關(P<0.05),而 FGFR2表達與患者的年齡、性別、腫塊大小、分化程度及淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移無相關性(P>0.05)。THBS1表達與患者年齡、性別、腫塊大小、分化程度、腫瘤浸潤深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況及臨床分期均無相關性(P>0.05)。THBS4表達與腫瘤分化程度相關,高或中分化腫瘤組織THBS4的表達明顯高于低分化腫瘤組織(P=0.001),與患者年齡、性別、腫塊大小、腫瘤浸潤深度、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況及臨床分期無相關性(P>0.05),見表 1。
圖1 FGFR2、THBS1和THBS4在胃癌組織中的表達(IHC×200)
圖2 FGFR2、THBS1和THBS4在胃癌組織和癌旁正常組織中的表達
表1 FGFR2、THBS1和THBS4的表達與臨床病理特征的關系(n)
Spearman等級相關分析顯示,F(xiàn)GFR2與THBS1表達呈正相關(r=0.229,P=0.037),與 THBS4表達呈負相關(r=-0.213,P=0.045)。
研究表明,F(xiàn)GFR2在肺癌、乳腺癌及胰腺癌等惡性腫瘤中過表達[3,6-7],盡管已有研究者發(fā)現(xiàn) FGFR2 在胃癌組織中表達增加,但其在胃癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用并不明確[8-9]。本研究檢測胃癌組織中FGFR2的表達情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)癌組織中FGFR2的表達明顯高于癌旁正常組織,且FGFR2的表達與腫瘤浸潤深度及臨床分期顯著相關。提示FGFR2可能在胃癌侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移中發(fā)揮重要作用,與以往研究認為FGFR2是一個重要的治療靶點觀點一致[4,10]。
THBS家族是一類多功能蛋白質(zhì),參與調(diào)控多種生物學過程,目前對THBS1和THBS4的相關研究尚無一致結(jié)論。THBS1可抑制肺癌和膀胱癌血管生成和腫瘤生長,而在乳腺癌和胰腺癌中的作用卻相反[11]。THBS1與血管內(nèi)皮細胞表面CD36結(jié)合后可抑制血管生成[12],而與 CD47 結(jié)合卻促進血管生成[13]。THBS1分解成的25 KD和140 KD片段由于與不同基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶及其抑制劑結(jié)合的差異,對腫瘤侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移的影響亦截然不同[14]。THBS1與淋巴管生長也有一定關系,其與單核細胞表面CD36結(jié)合后可抑制炎癥誘導的淋巴管生長,并明顯抑制淋巴管內(nèi)皮細胞增殖和游走[15]。THBS4由于缺少TSRs序列,其抑制血管生成的作用較THBS1弱。研究表明,THBS4表達與MMP9表達密切相關,可促進腫瘤侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移[16]。本研究免疫組化染色結(jié)果顯示,THBS1和THBS4表達定位于細胞質(zhì)及細胞間質(zhì)中。以往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在甲狀腺癌、乳腺癌及結(jié)直腸癌中,THBS1表達于腫瘤細胞質(zhì)中[17-19],而在膀胱癌、胰腺癌和前列腺癌中,THBS1只在間質(zhì)組織中表達[20-22]。Lin等[23]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)胃癌組織中僅腫瘤間質(zhì)的成纖維細胞表達THBS1,而Nakao等[24]發(fā)現(xiàn)胃癌細胞質(zhì)表達THBS1。提示THBS的表達具有器官和組織特異性,研究人群的異質(zhì)性及使用抗體的差異均可能影響其表達分布。
本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),胃癌組織中THBS1及THBS4的表達均高于癌旁正常組織,但THBS1表達與患者的臨床病理特征無顯著相關性。腫瘤組織中THBS1可調(diào)控血管生成,影響腫瘤細胞的黏附、增殖、侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移及免疫反應。THBS1的多效性取決于腫瘤微環(huán)境中不同受體的存在,其與不同受體的結(jié)合可介導不同甚至相反的腫瘤生物學效應[25]。本研究得出THBS1相關結(jié)論可能是其綜合效應的結(jié)果,但今后仍需深入研究其在胃癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用。本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)低分化胃癌組織中THBS4的表達明顯低于高分化及中分化胃癌組織,表明THBS4可能具有抑制胃癌侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移的能力,但仍需進一步體內(nèi)和體外實驗加以證明。
已有研究者關注FGFR家族與THBS家族的相關性。THBS1可抑制FGFR2誘導的血管生成。多種細胞因子和生長因子可影響THBS1的表達,如PDGF或EGF可上調(diào)THBS1,但腫瘤壞死因子、IL-6或bFGF可下調(diào)THBS1[26-27]。在前列腺癌中,THBS1表達降低伴隨著FGFR2表達升高[28]。FGFR8激活乳腺癌細胞的相關信號通路進而下調(diào)THBS1的表達[29]。THBS4在腸型胃癌及彌漫性胃癌中的表達情況完全相反,與腫瘤侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關[16]。目前,F(xiàn)GFR2與THBS家族的相關性并不清楚。本研究通過相關性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),F(xiàn)GFR2表達與THBS1表達呈正相關,而與THBS4表達呈負相關,推測FGFR2可能參與正向調(diào)控THBS1和負向調(diào)控THBS4,這兩種調(diào)控作用可能是FGFR2信號通路參與胃癌侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移過程的分子機制之一,這為探尋胃癌侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移的分子機制和胃癌的分子靶向治療提供了新的思路。
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Expression of FGFR2,THBS1 and THBS4 and correlation with gastric cancer
Zhou Xiao,Huang Tingting,Qiu Hong(Department of Oncology,Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,P.R.China)
ObjectiveTo evaluate the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2(FGFR2),thrombospondins 1(THBS1)and thrombospondins 4(THBS4)in gastric cancer tissues.MethodsExpression of FGFR2,THBS1 and THBS4 was detected based on immunohistochemistry of SABC and investigate its association with pathological features.ResultsRates of high expression of FGFR2,THBS1 and THBS4 were,respectively,68.67%,57.83%,and 62.65%.Expression of all three proteins was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissue than in adjacent normal tissues.Patients with high FGFR2 expression had deeper tumor depth(P=0.003)and were in a later clinical stage(P=0.009)than patients with low FGFR2 expression.THBS1 expression showed no significant relationship with clinicopathological factors.In contrast,high THBS4 expression correlated with moderately differentiated and well-differentiated tumors(P=0.001).Correlation analysis suggests a positive correlation between FGFR2 and THBS1 expression(r=0.229,P=0.037)and negative correlation between FGFR2 and THBS4 expression(r=-0.213,P=0.045).ConclusionFGFR2,THBS1 and THBS4 expression is high in gastric cancer tissues.THBS1up-regulationandTHBS4 down-regulation by FGFR2 may be one of the molecular mechanisms of gastric cancer progression.
Qiu Hong.E-mail:tjqiuhong@163.com
Gastric neoplasms;Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2;Thrombospondins 1;Thrombospondins 4
邱紅,主任醫(yī)師,副教授,碩士生導師?,F(xiàn)任華中科技大學同濟醫(yī)學院附屬同濟醫(yī)院消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤科副主任。兼任CSCO青年委員會委員,中國抗癌協(xié)會腫瘤營養(yǎng)學會化療學組委員,中國抗癌協(xié)會腫瘤標志專業(yè)委員會委員,中國研究型醫(yī)院學會精準醫(yī)學與腫瘤MDT專業(yè)會常務委員,世界華人腫瘤醫(yī)師協(xié)會放射治療腫瘤學協(xié)作組執(zhí)行委員會常務委員,湖北省抗癌協(xié)會癌癥康復及姑息治療委員會常務委員兼秘書,湖北省臨床腫瘤協(xié)會胃癌專業(yè)委員會常務委員,湖北省抗癌協(xié)會胃癌專業(yè)委員會委員等。從事腫瘤臨床工作10余年,在消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤化療、放療及靶向治療方面積累了豐富經(jīng)驗,承擔國家級科研課題2項,吳階平基金會課題1項,參與并獲得湖北省科技進步獎三等獎1項,武漢市科技進步獎二等獎1項,發(fā)表學術論文30余篇。
R735.2
A
1674-5671(2017)05-05
10.3969/j.issn.1674-5671.2017.05.05
國家自然科學基金資助項目(81372664)
邱紅。E-mail:tjqiuhong@163.com
[2017-06-30收稿][2017-07-25修回][編輯 羅惠予]