何 勇,冉玲蓉,李 禮,何 慶
(昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)第六附屬醫(yī)院 肝膽外科,云南 昆明 653100)
·薈萃分析·
二甲雙胍與胰腺癌患者生存期Meta分析
何 勇,冉玲蓉,李 禮,何 慶
(昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)第六附屬醫(yī)院 肝膽外科,云南 昆明 653100)
目的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)二甲雙胍對(duì)胰腺癌患者總生存期的影響。方法檢索EMBase、PubMed數(shù)據(jù)庫,檢索日期限定為建庫至2017年6月。由2名作者獨(dú)立對(duì)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行篩選、數(shù)據(jù)提取及文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)估。以Newcastle-Ottawa scale(NOS)評(píng)分法評(píng)估文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量,≥6分為高質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)。結(jié)果共納入11篇文獻(xiàn)。薈萃分析顯示:與非二甲雙胍治療相比,二甲雙胍治療能提高胰腺癌患者總生存期(OS)(HR=0.85; 95%CI=0.75~0.95,P=0.006),在亞組分析中的亞洲國家和高質(zhì)量的文章中也得到了這種結(jié)果。結(jié)論與非二甲雙胍治療相比,二甲雙胍治療能提高胰腺癌患者的總生存期。
胰腺腫瘤;二甲雙胍;總生存期;meta分析
胰腺癌是發(fā)達(dá)國家癌癥死亡的第五大病因,因發(fā)現(xiàn)較晚,并缺乏生物標(biāo)記物,5年生存率小于5%[1]。最近的研究顯示二甲雙胍使胰腺癌罹患風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下降[2- 3]。盡管使用二甲雙胍可以預(yù)防胰腺癌的發(fā)生,但是目前尚不清楚是否影響胰腺癌患者的生存。鑒于二甲雙胍能否提高胰腺癌患者總生存期目前存在爭議[4],我們對(duì)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)和薈萃分析,探討二甲雙胍對(duì)胰腺癌患者的生存影響,為胰腺癌的臨床治療提供較可靠的證據(jù)。
1.1文獻(xiàn)檢索 以EMBase、PubMed數(shù)據(jù)庫為主要來源采用計(jì)算機(jī)檢索,檢索詞為:metformin or Biguanide or Dimethylbiguanide,pancreatic cancer or neoplasm or carcinoma or adenocarcinoma or tumor,prognosis or survival or mortality。檢索日期限定為建庫至2017年6月。
1.2文獻(xiàn)的納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ①語言為英文,均為評(píng)估二甲雙胍對(duì)胰腺癌生存率或死亡率影響的臨床研究報(bào)告,研究類型為隊(duì)列研究;②文獻(xiàn)包含胰腺癌生存或死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比(HR)及95%可信區(qū)間(95%CI);③樣本量≥100;④臨床研究數(shù)據(jù)庫來源無重疊。
1.3文獻(xiàn)的排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ①個(gè)案報(bào)告、綜述、薈萃分析、會(huì)議文件;②動(dòng)物研究或體外研究;③無生存或死亡有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。
1.4數(shù)據(jù)提取及質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià) 由2名作者獨(dú)自對(duì)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行篩選、數(shù)據(jù)提取及文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)。以新紐卡斯?fàn)?渥太華(Newcastle-Ottawa scale,NOS)評(píng)分法評(píng)估文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量,超過6分為高質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)。
1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 應(yīng)用Stata 13.0軟件進(jìn)行Meta數(shù)據(jù)處理,通過Q檢驗(yàn)(Cochran Q test)和I2檢驗(yàn)(I2test)進(jìn)行異質(zhì)性分析。如果I2>50%或P<0.1,表明研究間異質(zhì)性較大,選擇隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型處理數(shù)據(jù);如果I2<50%或P>0.1,表明研究間異質(zhì)性較小,則選擇固定效應(yīng)模型處理數(shù)據(jù)。如異質(zhì)性較大則進(jìn)行亞組分析,尋找異質(zhì)性來源。發(fā)表偏倚通過Begg測試和Egger測試進(jìn)行檢測。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1檢索結(jié)果 初檢得到498篇文獻(xiàn),剔除重復(fù)文獻(xiàn)及經(jīng)過閱讀標(biāo)題、摘要和全文后,共納入11篇文獻(xiàn)[4-14],均為隊(duì)列研究。流程見圖1。
圖1 文獻(xiàn)篩選流程
2.2納入文獻(xiàn)及質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià) 其中Currie等包括2個(gè)研究,共12個(gè)獨(dú)立研究。文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量NOS評(píng)分為3~8分。見表1。
表1 入選文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)
2.3Meta分析結(jié)果
2.3.1總體分析 11篇文獻(xiàn)包括12個(gè)獨(dú)立研究,患者10 556例,其中7 224例接受了二甲雙胍或二甲雙胍聯(lián)合其他藥物治療。各研究間存在異質(zhì)性(I2=70.7%,P<0.01),選擇隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型。薈萃結(jié)果顯示,二甲雙胍治療能提高胰腺癌患者總生存期,與非二甲雙胍組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(HR=0.85,95%CI=0.75~0.95,P=0. 006)。見圖2。
2.3.2亞組分析 ①以亞洲國家和西方國家為亞組進(jìn)行分析。以亞洲國家為亞組,I2=0,P=0.84,無異質(zhì)性,選擇固定效應(yīng)模型,結(jié)果顯示,二甲雙胍治療使胰腺癌患者總生存期延長,與非二甲雙胍組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(HR=0.64,95%CI=0.52~0.80,P<0.01),見圖3。以西方國家為亞組,I2=69.7%,P=0.001,存在異質(zhì)性,選擇隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型分析,結(jié)果顯示,二甲雙胍對(duì)胰腺癌患者總生存期延長不明顯,與非二甲雙胍組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(HR=0.90,95%CI=0.80~1.01,P=0.070)。②以高質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)和低質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)為亞組進(jìn)行分析。以低質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)為亞組,I2=63.2%,P=0.066,選擇隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型分析,結(jié)果顯示,二甲雙胍治療對(duì)胰腺癌患者總生存期延長不明顯,與非二甲雙胍組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(HR=0.88,95%CI=0.60~1.29,P=0.506)。以高質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)為亞組,I2=73.0%,P=0.001,選擇隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型分析,結(jié)果顯示,二甲雙胍治療能延長胰腺癌患者總生存期,與非二甲雙胍組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(HR=0.86,95%CI=0.75~0.98,P=0.026),見圖4。
2.4敏感性分析與發(fā)表偏倚 去掉任意一篇文獻(xiàn)并未改變匯總結(jié)果。Begg與Egger檢驗(yàn)未發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表偏倚(P=0.304,P=0.099)。
圖2 二甲雙胍治療與非二甲雙胍治療胰腺癌總生存期森林圖
圖3 亞洲國家二甲雙胍治療與非二甲雙胍治療胰腺癌總生存期森林圖
圖4 高質(zhì)量組二甲雙胍治療與非二甲雙胍治療胰腺癌總生存期森林圖
胰腺癌是消化系統(tǒng)的第二大惡性腫瘤,可通過破壞胰腺細(xì)胞導(dǎo)致外周胰島素抵抗或糖尿病[15]。最近的研究顯示二甲雙胍可降低癌癥發(fā)生和死亡率的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[16-18],其機(jī)制可能是抑制線粒體呼吸復(fù)合物Ⅰ,激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK),并抑制惡性細(xì)胞中出現(xiàn)的雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)通路[19-23]。此外,抑制轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β(TGFβ)、上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(EMT)和miR-34a的靶向結(jié)合抑制胰腺癌細(xì)胞增殖[24]。
雖然已有相關(guān)二甲雙胍抑制腫瘤生長的機(jī)制研究及二甲雙胍對(duì)惡性腫瘤的預(yù)防作用,但目前Frouws等[4]研究顯示二甲雙胍治療對(duì)提高胰腺癌患者總生存率無聯(lián)系,而Koazk等[7]研究認(rèn)為二甲雙胍使用能提高胰腺癌患者生存率。雖然我們的薈萃分析顯示,二甲雙胍的使用與亞洲人胰腺癌生存期的增加有關(guān),但在西方國家沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這種相關(guān)性。這種差異可歸因于亞洲國家與西方國家的飲食和生活方式的不同。此外,可能是亞洲受試者因胰島素抵抗、高胰島素血癥和向心性肥胖更受益于二甲雙胍治療[25]??赡苁艿蕉纂p胍暴露的程度不同和持續(xù)時(shí)間的不同。另外部分研究未提供患者腫瘤特征及是否手術(shù)、放化療。這些因素可能導(dǎo)致二甲雙胍對(duì)亞洲人群和西方人群胰腺癌患者產(chǎn)生不同的影響。
我們的薈萃分析存在的局限性:①根據(jù)NOS評(píng)分,3篇文獻(xiàn)被評(píng)估為低質(zhì)量,從而限制了對(duì)結(jié)果的解釋。亞組分析顯示在3篇低質(zhì)量文獻(xiàn)中,二甲雙胍對(duì)胰腺癌患者總生存期延長不明顯,與非二甲雙胍組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。②薈萃分析的結(jié)果存在異質(zhì)性(I2=70.7%,P<0.001),亞組和敏感性分析顯示高度異質(zhì)性可能是因?yàn)樵谘芯恐惺褂玫娜巳簛碜圆煌膰?。③部分研究未提供詳?xì)的患者臨床特征和相關(guān)有效劑量和持續(xù)時(shí)間信息,確定二甲雙胍有效劑量和持續(xù)時(shí)間以提高生存期是非常困難的。
本研究通過系統(tǒng)全面檢索,納入11篇文獻(xiàn),薈萃分析結(jié)果顯示,與非二甲雙胍治療相比,二甲雙胍治療能延長胰腺癌患者的總生存期。在亞組分析中的亞洲國家和高質(zhì)量的文章中也得到了到了這種結(jié)果。然而,未來有待于大量臨床隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)加以證明。本文無利益沖突。
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Metforminandoverallsurvivalbenefitinpancreaticcancerpatients:ametaanalysis
He Yong, Ran Lingrong, Li Li, He Qing
DepartmentofHepatobiliarySurgery,theSixthAffiliatedHospitalofKunmingMedicalUniversity,Yuxi653100,China
LiLi,Email:li_li_6668@163.com
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of metformin on the overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the published literature on studies on the association between metformin and overall survival benefit in pancreatic cancer patients up to June 2017 from EMBase and PubMed. The identified articles were reviewed for additional references. The most adjusted risk estimates were extracted by two authors and summarized using random effects meta-analysis. The quality of the study was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the study with score ≥6 was taken as the high-quality study.ResultsEleven articles were included.The meta-analysis showed that metformin treatment can increase the overall survival (OS) of patients with pancreatic cancer compared with non-metformin treatment (HR=0.85,95%CI=0.75-0.95,P=0.006),and in subgroup analysis Asian countries and high quality articles also supported this results.ConclusionMetformin increased the overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients compared with non-metformin treatment.
pancreatic neoplasms;metformin; overall survival; meta analysis
李禮, Email:li_li_6668@163.com
R735.9
A
1004-583X(2017)11-0981-05
10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2017.11.016
2017-07-04 編輯:張衛(wèi)國