李文華,李玉香,張新龍,郭宜嬌
·論著·
西藏移居內(nèi)地的藏族和漢族不適癥狀大學(xué)生血清蛋白表達(dá)分析
李文華,李玉香*,張新龍,郭宜嬌
背景隨著世居高原人群往返于高原與平原之間愈發(fā)頻繁,高原低氧人群對平原富氧環(huán)境的適應(yīng)逐漸引起人們的重視。目的基于血清蛋白組學(xué)對移居內(nèi)地的藏、漢族不適癥狀大學(xué)生的血清蛋白表達(dá)進(jìn)行分析,以期為西藏移居內(nèi)地的藏、漢族大學(xué)生因適應(yīng)不良而引起的疾病提供簡單易行的、精確的早期診斷指標(biāo),為其臨床治療提供分子靶標(biāo)。方法分別選取2013年10—11月、2014年10—11月、2015年10—11月西藏民族大學(xué)符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的藏、漢族不適癥狀大學(xué)生32例為研究對象。按照研究對象民族,將其分為藏族組和漢族組,各16例。收集研究對象血清樣本,采用弱陽離子磁珠(MB-WCX)捕獲血清蛋白多肽,采用基質(zhì)輔助激光解吸電離飛行時間質(zhì)譜(MALDI-TOF-MS)技術(shù)進(jìn)行質(zhì)譜分析并比較兩組血清蛋白表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果單樣本質(zhì)譜分析結(jié)果顯示,3次重復(fù)取樣,藏族組同一個體分子量為1 000~10 000 m/z的血清蛋白多肽曲線基本趨于一致,漢族組得出相似結(jié)果;藏族組與漢族組血清蛋白表達(dá)水平存在顯著差異。整體樣本質(zhì)譜分析結(jié)果顯示,藏族組與漢族組分子量為1 000~10 000 m/z的血清蛋白表達(dá)水平存在顯著差異;對其蛋白多肽成分分析,則呈現(xiàn)出相互聚集、較少重合的現(xiàn)象;藏族組與漢族組分子量為905.65、1 062.10、1 078.11、2 138.79、2 313.40、4 094.67、4 172.89、4 213.96、5 910.71 m/z的血清蛋白表達(dá)峰值間存在顯著差異(P<0.05)。結(jié)論西藏移居內(nèi)地的藏、漢族不適癥狀大學(xué)生血清蛋白表達(dá)存在一定差異,其中分子量為4 094.67、2 138.79、905.65 m/z的血清蛋白表達(dá)差異較大,為進(jìn)一步鑒定和定位差異性蛋白的序列和基因奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
社會適應(yīng);蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué);質(zhì)譜分析法;藏族;漢族;學(xué)生;西藏移居內(nèi)地
李文華,李玉香,張新龍,等.西藏移居內(nèi)地的藏族和漢族不適癥狀大學(xué)生血清蛋白表達(dá)分析[J].中國全科醫(yī)學(xué),2017,20(27):3372-3377.[www.chinagp.net]
LI W H,LI Y X,ZHANG X L,et al.Serum protein expression in Tibetan and Han Chinese college students with unwell symptoms after migration to the inland region of China from Tibet[J].Chinese General Practice,2017,20(27):3372-3377.
我國是一個高原較多的國家,海拔3 000 m以上的高原、高山地區(qū)占國土總面積的1/6,高海拔地區(qū)低壓低氧等環(huán)境因素對進(jìn)入此地區(qū)的低海拔人群的機(jī)體損害較大,這點已受到廣泛關(guān)注及研究。隨著西藏經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步、改革開放的深入,西藏地區(qū)藏、漢族人群頻繁地來往于內(nèi)地和高原之間,而研究西藏地區(qū)藏、漢族人群移居到內(nèi)地富氧地區(qū)的適應(yīng)問題是擺在研究者面前亟待解決的問題[1]。尤其對移居內(nèi)地富氧地區(qū)3年之內(nèi)的藏、漢族人群如何平穩(wěn)地適應(yīng)富氧環(huán)境和血液中哪些血清蛋白的改變是其發(fā)生心腦血管疾病的預(yù)警因素等的研究具有很好的實際應(yīng)用前景。因此,本研究基于血清蛋白組學(xué)對移居內(nèi)地的藏、漢族不適癥狀大學(xué)生的血清蛋白表達(dá)水平進(jìn)行分析,以期為西藏移居內(nèi)地的藏、漢族大學(xué)生因適應(yīng)不良而引起的疾病提供簡單易行的、精確的早期診斷指標(biāo),為其臨床治療提供分子靶標(biāo)。
1.1 血清收集 分別選取2013年10—11月、2014年10—11月、2015年10—11月西藏民族大學(xué)符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的藏、漢族不適癥狀大學(xué)生32例為研究對象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):體檢新生;有嗜睡、頭昏、心悸、乏力、胸悶、心前區(qū)隱痛、心律不齊、智力減退、低蛋白血癥、心動過緩、心功能下降、肺動脈高壓等不適癥狀。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):體檢正常。按照研究對象民族,將其分為藏族組和漢族組,各16例。采用真空采血管采集研究對象晨起空腹靜脈全血5 ml,上下方向緩慢地震蕩采血管5次,混勻血液中的凝結(jié)塊,室溫(25 ℃)垂直放置30 min,使血液凝結(jié);1 500 r/min離心8 min(離心半徑60 cm),取上清液(待檢測血清樣本)置于-80 ℃冰箱凍存待用。本研究對象均知情同意,本研究經(jīng)西藏民族大學(xué)倫理委員會審批通過。
1.2 血清蛋白多肽捕獲 首先,將凍存的血清樣本放入冷藏溫度為4 ℃的冰箱內(nèi)解凍,然后運(yùn)用弱陽離子磁珠(MB-WCX)捕獲樣本的血清蛋白多肽。具體操作步驟如下:(1)用混勻器完全混勻MB-WCX懸浮液1 min;(2)加10 μl MB-WCX結(jié)合液以及10 μl MB-WCX至PCR管,用德國Eppendorf移液槍混勻后加5 μl血清,用移液槍混勻至少5次,靜置5 min;(3)將PCR管放入磁珠分離器,使MB-WCX貼壁1 min,液體清澈后棄上清液;(4)加100 μl MB-WCX沖洗液,在磁珠分離器上前后移動PCR管10次,MB-WCX貼壁后棄上清液,重復(fù)步驟(3)、(4)2次;(5)加5 μl MB-WCX洗脫液洗滌貼壁的MB-WCX,并反復(fù)吹打10次,MB-WCX貼壁2 min,將上清液移入干凈的離心管;(6)加5 μl MB-WCX穩(wěn)定液至離心管并混勻,收集處理好的蛋白樣本用于質(zhì)譜分析。
1.3 質(zhì)譜分析 首先從藏族組和漢族組中各任意選取1例蛋白樣本進(jìn)行單樣本質(zhì)譜分析,然后選取所有樣本進(jìn)行整體樣本質(zhì)譜分析。將分離得到的蛋白樣本與α-氰基-4-羥基肉桂酸混勻,取1 μl點在Anchorchip靶板上,每個樣本分別點3個靶點以重復(fù)做3次;待室溫干燥后將靶板放入基質(zhì)輔助激光解吸電離飛行時間質(zhì)譜(MALDI-TOF-MS)儀進(jìn)行飛行時間質(zhì)譜分析,采用Flexanalysis軟件(一種專業(yè)分析蛋白質(zhì)質(zhì)譜圖的軟件系統(tǒng),能夠?qū)蝹€個體蛋白的指紋進(jìn)行描圖)進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品校正后開始檢測樣本,每個樣本要經(jīng)過總共300次激光打靶(5次點靶,每次打靶2×30次)之后生成質(zhì)譜圖,獲得由不同質(zhì)核比(m/z)組成的蛋白多肽譜圖。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 采用ClinProTools 2.1軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。結(jié)合遺傳算法等生物統(tǒng)計學(xué)和生物信息學(xué)方法分析兩組血清樣本的蛋白多肽譜圖。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 單樣本質(zhì)譜分析結(jié)果 3次重復(fù)取樣,藏族組同一個體分子量為1 000~10 000 m/z的血清蛋白多肽曲線基本趨于一致,漢族組得出相似結(jié)果(見圖1、2);藏族組與漢族組血清蛋白表達(dá)水平存在顯著差異(見圖3)。
2.2 整體樣本質(zhì)譜分析結(jié)果 藏族組與漢族組分子量為1 000~10 000 m/z的血清蛋白表達(dá)水平存在顯著差異(見圖4,本文圖4~6彩圖見本刊官網(wǎng)www.chinagp.net電子期刊相應(yīng)文章);對其蛋白多肽成分分析,則呈現(xiàn)出相互聚集、較少重合的現(xiàn)象(見圖5、6)。藏族組與漢族組分子量為905.65、1 062.10、1 078.11、2 138.79、2 313.40、4 094.67、4 172.89、4 213.96、5 910.71 m/z的血清蛋白表達(dá)峰值間存在顯著差異(P<0.05,見表1)。
在“世界屋脊”——青藏高原世代生活的藏族人群經(jīng)過長期的自然選擇已能很好地適應(yīng)高原環(huán)境[2-6],其獨特的遺傳背景與高原環(huán)境適應(yīng)能力值得進(jìn)一步探討[7-9]。目前關(guān)于藏族人群移居內(nèi)地的研究,一方面是由于處于“醉氧狀態(tài)”的平原藏族人群機(jī)體內(nèi)會產(chǎn)生高活性的氧自由基和一些炎性因子導(dǎo)致機(jī)體器官如肝、腎、肺損害,尤其肺損害是脫適應(yīng)癥狀表現(xiàn)最早和最明顯的器官之一,主要表現(xiàn)為肺動脈干及其分支明顯增粗[10-12];另一方面,移居內(nèi)地高原脫適應(yīng)人群體內(nèi)的紅細(xì)胞生成素相對于高原環(huán)境會有不同程度的降低,再加上水鈉潴留造成血液稀釋,可能與高原脫適應(yīng)人群產(chǎn)生水腫、頭暈等癥狀相關(guān)[13]。藏族人群出現(xiàn)脫適應(yīng)癥狀的基因表達(dá)改變的研究并不多見,且血清蛋白組學(xué)目前主要應(yīng)用于腫瘤標(biāo)志物的篩選與診斷[14-18]。西藏移居內(nèi)地人群機(jī)體會發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的生理生化變化,多反映在血清蛋白的組分變化上[19-24]。因此,本課題組將血清蛋白組學(xué)技術(shù)應(yīng)用于高原醫(yī)學(xué)研究,研究西藏移居內(nèi)地藏、漢族大學(xué)生血清蛋白的組分變化。
圖1 藏族組個體移居內(nèi)地后的血清蛋白分布圖
Figure1 Serum protein distribution of individuals migrating to the inland region of China from Tibet in Tibetan group
圖2 漢族組個體移居內(nèi)地后的個體血清蛋白分布圖
Figure2 Serum protein distribution of individuals migrating to the inland region of China from Tibet in Han group
圖3 藏族組與漢族組個體移居內(nèi)地后的血清蛋白分布圖比較
Figure3 Comparison of serum protein distribution of individuals migrating to the inland region of China from Tibet between Tibetan group and Han group
注:紅色為藏族組,藍(lán)色為漢族組
圖4 藏族組與漢族組大學(xué)生移居內(nèi)地后的血清蛋白分布圖
Figure4 Serum protein distribution of college students migrating to the inland region of China from Tibet in Tibetan group and Han group
注:紅色為藏族組,綠色為漢族組
圖5 藏族組與漢族組大學(xué)生移居內(nèi)地后的血清蛋白分布散點圖
Figure5 Scatter plot of serum protein distribution of college students migrating to the inland region of China from Tibet in Tibetan group and Han group
表1 藏族組與漢族組不同分子量血清蛋白表達(dá)峰值比較
Table1 Comparison of the peak value of serum proteins with different molecular weights between Tibetan group and Han group
分子量(m/z)藏族組漢族組倍數(shù)P值 905.6511.075.781.92<0.0000011062.1055.6331.241.78<0.0000011078.1139.8721.681.84<0.0000012138.795.042.531.99<0.0000012313.406.203.911.59<0.0000014094.6713.696.542.090.0000214172.892.351.371.720.0006634213.9646.7627.831.680.0005685910.715.823.121.87<0.000001
注:紅色為藏族組,綠色為漢族組
圖6 藏族組與漢族組大學(xué)生移居內(nèi)地后的血清蛋白分布三維立體圖
Figure6 3D stereogram of serum protein distribution of college students migrating to the inland region of China from Tibet in Tibetan group and Han group
本研究單樣本質(zhì)譜分析結(jié)果顯示,3次重復(fù)取樣,藏族組同一個體分子量為1 000~10 000 m/z的血清蛋白多肽曲線基本趨于一致,漢族組得出相似結(jié)果,表明兩組樣本中血清蛋白的分布較為穩(wěn)定,質(zhì)譜儀器準(zhǔn)確;藏族組與漢族組血清蛋白表達(dá)水平存在顯著差異,說明移居內(nèi)地后,藏族和漢族大學(xué)生的個體血清蛋白表達(dá)水平并不相同。整體樣本質(zhì)譜分析結(jié)果顯示,藏族組與漢族組分子量為1 000~10 000 m/z的血清蛋白表達(dá)水平存在顯著差異,對其蛋白多肽成分分析,則呈現(xiàn)出相互聚集、較少重合的現(xiàn)象,可知藏族組和漢族組血清蛋白在血清中呈現(xiàn)穩(wěn)態(tài)。藏族組與漢族組分子量為905.65、1 062.10、1 078.11、2 138.79、2 313.40、4 094.67、4 172.89、4 213.96、5 910.71 m/z的血清蛋白表達(dá)峰值間存在顯著差異,說明西藏藏族和漢族人群移居內(nèi)地富氧地區(qū)后血清蛋白表達(dá)不同,生理適應(yīng)狀況不同。這些差異或許與藏族人群獨特的基因背景、血液中高紅細(xì)胞水平、長期的低氧應(yīng)激以及平原相對較高的氧環(huán)境導(dǎo)致醉氧而引發(fā)氧自由基、炎性因子釋放等有關(guān)[25-28],這些均需要進(jìn)一步研究證實。
本研究的不足之處在于樣本量較少,研究群體集中于大學(xué)新生人群,希望能夠有機(jī)會擴(kuò)大研究對象范圍,找到本課題的相關(guān)差異蛋白,服務(wù)于臨床。
綜上所述,西藏移居內(nèi)地的藏、漢族不適癥狀大學(xué)生血清蛋白表達(dá)水平存在一定差異,其中分子量為4 094.67、2 138.79、905.65 m/z的血清蛋白表達(dá)水平差異較大,為進(jìn)一步鑒定和定位差異性蛋白的序列和基因奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
作者貢獻(xiàn):李文華負(fù)責(zé)課題設(shè)計、數(shù)據(jù)分析、樣本采集、論文修改;李玉香負(fù)責(zé)課題申報、試驗開展、數(shù)據(jù)收集;張新龍、郭宜嬌負(fù)責(zé)樣本收集,進(jìn)行試驗操作,完成試驗過程,撰寫論文。
本文無利益沖突。
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(本文編輯:崔麗紅)
SerumProteinExpressioninTibetanandHanChineseCollegeStudentswithUnwellSymptomsafterMigrationtotheInlandRegionofChinafromTibet
LIWen-hua,LIYu-xiang*,ZHANGXin-long,GUOYi-jiao
SchoolofMedicine,XizangMinzuUniversity,Xianyang712082,China
*Correspondingauthor:LIYu-xiang,Associateprofessor;E-mail:xzmzxyli@163.com
BackgroundAs the people living in the plateau move back and forth between the plateau and the plain more and more frequently,the adaptation of the plateau hypoxia population to the oxygen enriched environment of the plain has gradually attracted wide attention.ObjectiveTo analyze the serum protein expression in Tibetan and Han Chinese college students with unwell symptoms who migrated to the inland region of China from Tibet based on serum proteomics,in order to provide an accurate and simple method for early diagnosis of the diseases due to maladjustment in such a population,and to offer molecular targets for the related clinical treatment.MethodsThe participants met the inclusion criteria were 32 Tibetan and Han college students〔Tibetan group(n=16) and Han group(n=16)〕 with unwell symptoms who enrolled in Xizang Minzu University during the periods of October to November 2013,October to November 2014 and October to November 2015.Serum samples were collected and the serum protein-derived polypeptide was captured by magnetic bead-based weak cation-exchange chromatography(MB-WCX).The expression of serum proteins was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS) technique and compared between the two groups.ResultsMALDI-TOF-MS analysis of single sample found that,the polypeptide curves of serum protein with molecular weight of 1 000-10 000 m/z in the 3 samples from the same individual in the Tibetan group tended to be consistent,and similar results were obtained in the Han group;there were significant differences in serum protein levels between Tibetan group and Han group.The results of the MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of overall sample showed that there were significant differences in expression levels of serum protein with the molecular weight of 1 000-10 000 m/z between the Tibetan group and Han group;the analysis of its protein polypeptide components showed that a phenomenon of mutual aggregation and less overlap;there were significant differences in the peak expression of serum proteins with molecular weights of 905.65,1 062.10,1 078.11,2 138.79,2 313.40,4 094.67,4 172.89,4 213.96,5 910.71 m/z between Tibetan group and Han group(P<0.05).ConclusionThere are some differences in the expression of serum proteins between Tibetan and Han college students with unwell symptoms after migration to the inland region of China from Tibet,and the differences are significant in the expression of serum proteins with molecular weights of 4 094.67,2 138.79 and 905.65 m/z,which can be used as a basis for further identification and localization of the sequences and genes of differential proteins.
Social adjustment;Proteomics;Mass spectrometry;Zang nationality;Han nationality;Students;Migrating to the inland region of China from Tibet
國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(81360299);西藏自治區(qū)自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(2016ZR15-17)
R -05 R 394.3
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.00.037
2017-03-11;
2017-08-04)
712082 陜西省咸陽市,西藏民族大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)部
*通信作者:李玉香,副教授;E-mail:xzmzxyli@163.com