李丹+汪軍+閆飛虎+王偉
[摘 要] 目的:分析貝伐單抗聯(lián)合化療治療轉(zhuǎn)移性結(jié)腸癌患者療效,觀察血清血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(VEGF)變化及其與療效關(guān)系。方法:根據(jù)221例結(jié)腸癌患者意愿單純化療的105例為對照組,聯(lián)合貝伐單抗化療的116例為觀察組,并按照觀察組患者近期療效將其分為有效組、無效組,比較各組患者臨床療效、不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況及治療前后血清VEGF變化。結(jié)果:患者不良反應(yīng)均以Ⅰ~Ⅱ級(jí)惡心嘔吐、中性粒細(xì)胞減少、貧血、血小板減少為主,兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。觀察組客觀有效率為46.55%,高于對照組的22.86%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。有效組、無效組、對照組治療后血清VEGF水平均較治療前下降,有效組治療后VEGF下降率為(27.24±6.09)%,其VEGF下降率高于無效組,無效組VEGF下降率高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:貝伐單抗聯(lián)合化療能夠在保證安全性的基礎(chǔ)上提高結(jié)腸癌治療近期客觀有效率,血清VEGF水平下降越明顯,患者預(yù)后質(zhì)量更佳,可根據(jù)VEGF變化早期評估調(diào)整方案。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 貝伐單抗;化療;結(jié)腸癌;血管內(nèi)皮生長因子;療效
中圖分類號(hào):R735.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):2095-5200(2017)03-072-03
DOI:10.11876/mimt201703030
[Abstract] Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of the combination of bevacizumab and chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and to observe the changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its relationship with the efficacy. Methods: On the basis of the patients will, among the 221 patients , 105 patients treated with chemotherapy alone were selected as the control group and 116 treated with the combination of bevacizumab and chemotherapy were selected as the observation group. The patients of the observation group were divided into effective group and non-effective group according to the treatment effect, and the clinical efficacy, adverse reactions and changes of VEGF levels in serum were compared among all the groups. Results: All the patients mainly manifested with nausea and vomiting of gradeⅠ-Ⅱ, neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia, the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The effective rate of the observation group was 46.55%, which was higher than 22.86% of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The rate of VEGF decreased in the effective group, non-effective group and control group as compared before treatment, the decrease rate of VEGF was (27.24±6.09) % in the effective group and was higher than that of the ineffective group; the decrease rate of VEGF in the effective group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: The combination of bevacizumab and chemotherapy can improve the objective and effective rate of colorectal cancer treatment on the basis of safety. The more obvious the decrease of serum VEGF level, the better prognosis of patients. The early plan should be evaluated and adjusted according to the changes of VEGF.
[Key words] bevacizumab; chemotherapy; colon cancer; vascular endothelial growth factor; efficacy
結(jié)腸癌是常見消化道惡性腫瘤之一,且約有50%~60%患者會(huì)發(fā)生全身轉(zhuǎn)移 [1]。目前臨床治療轉(zhuǎn)移性結(jié)腸癌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方案包括氟尿嘧啶、亞葉酸鈣聯(lián)合奧沙利鉑的FOLFOX方案或聯(lián)合伊立替康的FOLFIRI方案[2]。貝伐單抗主要通過結(jié)合血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(VEGF),阻斷腫瘤血管生成,發(fā)揮抗腫瘤作用,但文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道仍有部分患者無法在貝伐單抗聯(lián)合化療治療中獲益[3]。本研究就貝伐單抗聯(lián)合化療治療結(jié)腸癌患者血清VEGF變化及其與療效的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析,為療效預(yù)測提供參考。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
221例病例來自2013年3月—2016年3月經(jīng)病理組織學(xué)及細(xì)胞學(xué)檢查確診結(jié)腸癌[4] 化療方案均為FOLFIRI患者,隨訪時(shí)間均大于3個(gè)月。結(jié)合患者意愿將單純化療105例作為對照組,聯(lián)合貝伐單抗的116例為觀察組。兩組患者年齡、性別、轉(zhuǎn)移部位、分化程度、組織學(xué)分型等基線臨床資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
1.2 方法
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)FOLFIRI方案化療參照文獻(xiàn)[5]。觀察組加用貝伐單抗注射液(商品名安維汀,瑞士羅氏制藥有限公司,注冊證號(hào)S20120068,規(guī)格100 mg: 4 mL)靜脈滴注,劑量為5 mg/kg,d1。兩組患者治療均持續(xù)3個(gè)周期,化療前后處置方法同文獻(xiàn)[6]。
不良反應(yīng)參照世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)抗癌藥物急性與亞急性毒性反應(yīng)判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)級(jí)別越高則不良反應(yīng)越嚴(yán)重[7]。于患者治療3個(gè)周期后,參照實(shí)體瘤療效評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(RECIST)[8],結(jié)合CT或MRI等影像學(xué)技術(shù)評價(jià)臨床療效??陀^有效率=
完全緩解率+部分緩解率。按照觀察組患者近期療效將其分為有效組(客觀有效)、無效組(未達(dá)客觀有效)。抽取患者治療前后晨起空腹靜脈血使用雙夾心酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法測定其血清VEGF水平[9],試劑盒購自美國R&D公司,操作方法嚴(yán)格按照使用說明書。
所有數(shù)據(jù)處理后以SPSS18.0進(jìn)行分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 療效和不良反應(yīng)
患者不良反應(yīng)均以Ⅰ~Ⅱ級(jí)惡心嘔吐、中性粒細(xì)胞減少、貧血、血小板減少為主,兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。對照組部分緩解24例、穩(wěn)定41例、進(jìn)展40例,觀察組完全緩解4例、部分緩解50例、穩(wěn)定46例、進(jìn)展15例,客觀有效率為46.55%,高于對照組的22.86%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.2 血清VEGF變化
有效組、無效組、對照組治療后血清VEGF水平均較治療前下降,有效組治療后VEGF下降率為(27.24±6.09)%,其VEGF下降率高于無效組,無效組VEGF下降率高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。
3 討論
作為一種抗VEGF單克隆抗體,貝伐單抗具有抑制腫瘤新生血管生成、退化現(xiàn)有血管、促使腫瘤異常血管正?;饔?,且可改善化療藥物運(yùn)輸并提高化療療效[10-11],已應(yīng)用于結(jié)腸癌的靶向治療中[12]。Cheng等[13]認(rèn)為貝伐單抗聯(lián)合化療臨床療效確切亦具有良好的安全性。
在本次研究中,觀察組116例患者中,仍有61例近期療效判定為穩(wěn)定或進(jìn)展,說明該類患者貝伐單抗的反應(yīng)性有限,而貝伐單抗的價(jià)格較高,故若能早期篩選無治療價(jià)值人群并及時(shí)調(diào)整治療策略,有望在節(jié)省治療成本的前提下進(jìn)一步提高患者預(yù)后質(zhì)量[14]。既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),VEGF在多種惡性腫瘤的血行轉(zhuǎn)移和淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移中扮演了重要角色,也是反映結(jié)腸癌生物性行為的重要參數(shù)[15-16]。因此,本研究將VEGF作為檢測指標(biāo),就有效組、無效組、對照組患者治療前后血清VEGF水平變化進(jìn)行了比較,結(jié)果表明,雖然各組患者治療后血清VEGF水平均有所下降,但各組患者血清VEGF下降水平存在差異,且隨著VEGF下降率的上升,其臨床療效逐漸提高,其機(jī)制可能為:腫瘤血管的異常表現(xiàn)以血管壁滲透壓、滲透性增加并伴擴(kuò)張、扭曲及血流雙向流動(dòng)為主,VEGF的下降對于促進(jìn)腫瘤組織血液循環(huán)恢復(fù)正常、保證化療藥物的輸送具有重要意義[17]。而Tabernero等[18]發(fā)現(xiàn),接受貝伐單抗治療且療效不佳的結(jié)腸癌患者,其血清VEGF水平往往在早期治療后有所降低并在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重新升高,說明該類患者可能產(chǎn)生貝伐單抗耐藥,故臨床獲益有限。
概括而言,VEGF下降率與患者近期療效具有一定關(guān)聯(lián),據(jù)此評估其臨床獲益有望為療效預(yù)測與治療方案調(diào)整提供參考。
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