邵 元
·療效比較研究·
阿托伐他汀與瑞舒伐他汀在腦梗死患者二級預(yù)防中應(yīng)用效果的對比研究
邵 元
目的 比較阿托伐他汀與瑞舒伐他汀在腦梗死患者二級預(yù)防中的應(yīng)用效果。方法 選取陜西省銅川礦務(wù)局中心醫(yī)院2013年4月—2015年4月收治的行二級預(yù)防的腦梗死患者140例,采用隨機數(shù)字表法分為A組和B組,每組70例。在氯吡格雷治療基礎(chǔ)上,A組患者給予阿托伐他汀,B組患者給予瑞舒伐他汀;兩組患者均連續(xù)治療3個月。比較兩組患者治療前及治療后1周、3個月、6個月血脂指標〔包括三酰甘油(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)〕及血小板聚集率,隨訪12個月腦梗死復(fù)發(fā)情況,治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果 時間與方法在TG、TC及LDL-C上存在交互作用(P<0.05);方法在TG、TC及LDL-C上主效應(yīng)不顯著(P>0.05);時間在TG、TC及LDL-C上主效應(yīng)顯著(P<0.05)。兩組患者治療后1周、3個月、6個月TG、TC及LDL-C均低于治療前(P<0.05)。時間與方法在血小板聚集率上存在交互作用(P<0.05);方法在血小板聚集率上主效應(yīng)不顯著(P>0.05);時間在血小板聚集率上主效應(yīng)顯著(P<0.05)。兩組患者治療后1周、3個月、6個月血小板聚集率均低于治療前(P<0.05)。兩組患者隨訪期間腦梗死復(fù)發(fā)率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 阿托伐他汀和瑞舒伐他汀在腦梗死患者二級預(yù)防中的降脂效果、抗血小板聚集作用、遠期預(yù)防效果及安全性相當,臨床可根據(jù)患者個體情況及耐受性等選擇應(yīng)用。
腦梗死;二級預(yù)防;降血脂藥物;他汀類藥物;血脂異常;血小板聚集;療效比較研究
邵元.阿托伐他汀與瑞舒伐他汀在腦梗死患者二級預(yù)防中應(yīng)用效果的對比研究[J].實用心腦肺血管病雜志,2017,25(4):73-76.[www.syxnf.net]
SHAO Y.Comparative study for application effect in the secondary prevention of cerebral Infarction between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2017,25(4):73-76.
腦梗死是臨床常見腦血管疾病之一,占所有缺血性腦卒中的50%~55%[1]。目前,腦梗死患者的二級預(yù)防常采用氯吡格雷聯(lián)合他汀類藥物,有研究表明,經(jīng)CYP3A4代謝的以阿托伐他汀為代表的他汀類藥物與氯吡格雷聯(lián)用可增加氯吡格雷抵抗及心腦血管意外發(fā)生風險,而不經(jīng)CYP3A4代謝的以瑞舒伐他汀為代表的他汀類藥物則不會對腦梗死患者血小板聚集產(chǎn)生明顯影響[2],但也有研究表明不論是經(jīng)CYP3A4代謝還是不經(jīng)CYP3A4代謝的他汀類藥物均不會引發(fā)氯吡格雷抵抗[3]。因此,不同代謝途徑他汀類藥物在腦梗死患者二級預(yù)防中的應(yīng)用效果尚存在爭議。本研究旨在比較阿托伐他汀與瑞舒伐他汀在腦梗死患者二級預(yù)防中的應(yīng)用效果,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取陜西省銅川礦務(wù)局中心醫(yī)院2013年4月—2015年4月收治的行二級預(yù)防的腦梗死患者140例,采用隨機數(shù)字表法分為A組和B組,每組70例。兩組患者性別、年齡、吸煙史、合并癥及基礎(chǔ)用藥比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表1),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會審核批準,所有患者及其家屬知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
1.2 納入與排除標準 納入標準:(1)符合《中國急性缺血性腦卒中診治指南2010》[4]中的腦梗死診斷標準;(2)年齡45~80歲;(3)腦梗死發(fā)病時間>1個月;(4)血小板計數(shù)為(150~500)×109/L;(5)入組前未服用抗血小板藥物及他汀類藥物,或曾服用抗血小板藥物及他汀類藥物但已至少停藥2周;(6)存在氯吡格雷抵抗。排除標準:(1)美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)評分>23分;(2)伴有腦栓塞、心房纖顫及室間隔缺損;(3)合并出血性疾??;(4)伴有肝腎功能不全;(5)入組前2周內(nèi)行麻醉下外科手術(shù)或有嚴重創(chuàng)傷;(6)入組前2周內(nèi)服用過質(zhì)子泵抑制劑;(7)伴有惡性腫瘤;(8)伴有精神疾?。?9)對本研究所用藥物過敏;(10)臨床資料不完整。
1.3 治療方法 兩組患者均給予氯吡格雷(深圳信立泰藥業(yè)股份有限公司生產(chǎn),國藥準字H20000542,規(guī)格:25 mg)口服,75 mg/d;A組患者在此基礎(chǔ)上給予阿托伐他汀(北京嘉林藥業(yè)股份有限公司生產(chǎn),國藥準字H20093819,規(guī)格:20 mg)口服,40 mg/d;B組患者則給予瑞舒伐他汀(南京先聲東元制藥有限公司生產(chǎn),國藥準字H20113246,規(guī)格:10 mg)口服,20 mg/d。兩組患者均連續(xù)治療3個月。
1.4 觀察指標 (1)血脂指標:采用瑞士羅氏公司COBAS INTEGRA 800全自動生化分析儀檢測兩組患者治療前及治療后1周、3個月、6個月血脂指標,包括三酰甘油(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)。(2)血小板聚集率:采用南京神州英諾華醫(yī)療科技有限公司PL-11型多參數(shù)血小板功能分析儀檢測兩組患者治療前及治療后1周、3個月、6個月血小板聚集率。(3)腦梗死復(fù)發(fā)情況:對兩組患者隨訪12個月,記錄隨訪期間腦梗死復(fù)發(fā)情況。(4)不良反應(yīng):記錄兩組患者治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況,包括心肌酶升高、肝功能損傷等。
2.1 兩組患者治療前后血脂指標比較 時間與方法在TG、TC及LDL-C上存在交互作用(P<0.05);方法在TG、TC及LDL-C上主效應(yīng)不顯著(P>0.05);時間在TG、TC及LDL-C上主效應(yīng)顯著(P<0.05)。兩組患者治療后1周、3個月、6個月TG、TC及LDL-C均低于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
2.2 兩組患者治療前后血小板聚集率比較 時間與方法在血小板聚集率上存在交互作用(P<0.05);方法在血小板聚集率上主效應(yīng)不顯著(P>0.05);時間在血小板聚集率上主效應(yīng)顯著(P<0.05)。兩組患者治療后1周、3個月、6個月血小板聚集率均低于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表3)。
Table3Comparisonofplateletaggregationratebetweenthetwogroupsbeforeandaftertreatment
組別例數(shù)治療前治療后1周治療后3個月治療后6個月A組7040.24±14.7422.58±10.51a21.72±10.30a21.24±9.34aB組7040.17±14.7022.30±10.39a21.95±10.17a21.33±9.35aF值F組間=1.06,F時間=3.14,F交互=2.66P值P組間=0.38,P時間<0.01,P交互=0.01
注:與治療前比較,aP<0.05
2.3 兩組患者腦梗死復(fù)發(fā)情況比較 A組患者隨訪期間腦梗死復(fù)發(fā)率為10.0%(7/70),B組為7.1%(5/70);兩組患者隨訪期間腦梗死復(fù)發(fā)率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=1.23,P>0.05)。
2.4 兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況比較 治療期間,A組患者出現(xiàn)心肌酶升高4例,肝功能損傷3例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為10.0%;B組患者出現(xiàn)心肌酶升高3例,肝功能損傷1例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為5.7%。兩組患者治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=0.78,P>0.05)。
氯吡格雷聯(lián)合他汀類藥物是腦梗死患者二級預(yù)防的常用方案,可有效降低腦梗死復(fù)發(fā)風險,改善患者遠期預(yù)后[5]。氯吡格雷為臨床常用抗血小板聚集藥物之一,但其本身并無抗血小板聚集作用,需經(jīng)CYP2C19和CYP3A4基因編碼CYP450酶代謝后方可轉(zhuǎn)化為活性成分,繼而通過與血小板膜表面ADP受體不可逆性結(jié)合而抑制血小板聚集[6]。流行病學(xué)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,5%~25%的心血管疾病患者接受常規(guī)劑量氯吡格雷治療后會出現(xiàn)氯吡格雷抵抗,即不具有抗血小板聚集作用,進而導(dǎo)致其對心腦血管不良事件的預(yù)防作用受限;有研究表明,急性腦卒中患者氯吡格雷抵抗發(fā)生率可達45%以上[7-8]。
他汀類藥物屬羥甲基戊二酰輔酶A原酶抑制劑,具有阻斷膽固醇合成、降低LDL-C水平、抑制局部炎性反應(yīng)及提高粥樣硬化斑塊穩(wěn)定性等作用[9],其中阿托伐他汀、辛伐他汀等需經(jīng)CYP3A4代謝,而瑞舒伐他汀、普伐他汀等則無需經(jīng)CYP3A4代謝[10]。有研究表明,他汀類藥物在體內(nèi)代謝過程對肝功能的損傷作用可能造成其抑制血小板聚集作用降低,阿托伐他汀、辛伐他汀等親脂性他汀類藥物通過CYP3A4代謝后可增加氯吡格雷抵抗發(fā)生風險并導(dǎo)致氯吡格雷抗血小板聚集作用降低[11-12];但也有研究表明,不同代謝類型他汀類藥物對氯吡格雷抵抗無明顯影響[13]。
表1 兩組患者一般資料比較
注:ACEI/ARB=血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)換酶抑制劑/血管緊張素受體阻滯劑;a為t值
表2 兩組患者治療前后血脂指標比較±s,mmol/L)
注:TG=三酰甘油,TC=總膽固醇,LDL-C=低密度脂蛋白膽固醇;與治療前相比,aP<0.05
本研究排除了已存在氯吡格雷抵抗者,通過比較阿托伐他汀與瑞舒伐他汀在腦梗死患者二級預(yù)防中的應(yīng)用效果發(fā)現(xiàn),方法、時間在TG、TC、LDL-C及血小板聚集率上主效應(yīng)不顯著,而兩組患者治療后1周、3個月、6個月TG、TC、LDL-C及血小板聚集率均低于治療前,表明阿托伐他汀與瑞舒伐他汀在腦梗死患者二級預(yù)防中的降脂效果及抗血小板聚集作用相當,分析其原因主要包括以下兩個方面:(1)他汀類藥物具有一定抗血小板聚集作用,且可能通過降脂作用之外的其他作用而使腦梗死患者獲益[14];(2)氯吡格雷經(jīng)CYP3A4代謝途徑起效受阻,可能通過強化其他酶代謝途徑而發(fā)揮代償作用[15],但其具體作用機制仍有待進一步分析。本研究結(jié)果還顯示,兩組患者隨訪期間腦梗死復(fù)發(fā)率及治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率間均無差異,提示阿托伐他汀與瑞舒伐他汀在腦梗死患者二級預(yù)防中的遠期預(yù)防效果及安全性相近,與既往文獻報道一致[16]。目前,國內(nèi)關(guān)于大劑量阿托伐他汀與瑞舒伐他汀對腦梗死患者遠期降脂達標率的影響及其安全性等的前瞻性研究較少,而這也是本研究今后的研究方向。
綜上所述,阿托伐他汀和瑞舒伐他汀在腦梗死患者二級預(yù)防中的降脂效果、抗血小板聚集作用、遠期預(yù)防效果及安全性相當,臨床可根據(jù)患者個體情況及耐受性等選擇應(yīng)用。但本研究樣本量較小且為單中心研究,結(jié)果結(jié)論還有待大樣本量、多中心、前瞻性研究進一步證實。
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(本文編輯:鹿飛飛)
Comparative Study for Application Effect in the Secondary Prevention of Cerebral Infarction between Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin
SHAOYuan
DepartmentofNeurology,theCentralHospitalofTongchuanMiningBureau,ShaanxiProvince,Tongchuan727000,China
Objective To compare the application effect in the secondary prevention of cerebral infarction between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin.Methods From April 2013 to April 2015,a total of patients with cerebral infarction were selected in the Central Hospital of Tongchuan Mining Bureau,Shaanxi Province,all of them
secondary prevention,and they were divided into A group and B group according to random number table,each of 70 cases.Based on clopidogrel,patients of A group received atorvastatin,while patients of B group received rosuvastatin;both groups continuously treated for 3 months.Blood lipids index(including TG,TC and LDL-C)and platelet aggregation rate before treatment,after 1 week,3 months and 6 months of treatment,recurrence of cerebral infarction during the 12-month follow-up,and incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment were compared between the two groups.Results There was interaction between time and method in TG,TC and LDL-C(P<0.05);main effect of method was not statistically significant in TG,TC or LDL-C(P>0.05),while main effect of time was statistically significant in TG,TC and LDL-C(P<0.05).After 1 week,3 months and 6 months of treatment,TG,TC and LDL-C of the two groups were statistically significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).There was interaction between time and method in platelet aggregation rate(P<0.05);main effect of time was statistically significant in platelet aggregation rate(P<0.05),while main effect of method was not statistically significant in platelet aggregation rate(P>0.05).After 1 week,3 months and 6 months of treatment,platelet aggregation rate of the two groups was statistically significantly lower than those before treatment,respectively(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of recurrence rate of the cerebral infarction was found between the two groups during the follow-up,nor was the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during the treatment(P>0.05).Conclusion Atorvastatin has similar hypolipidemic effect,anti-platelet aggregation effect,long-term preventive effect and safety with rosuvastatin in the secondary prevention of cerebral infarction,we should make rational choice according to the individual condition and patient′s tolerance.
Brain infarction;Secondary prevention;Hypolipidemic agents;Statins;Dyslipidemias;Platelet aggregation;Comparative effectiveness research
R 743.33
B
10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2017.04.017
2016-11-25;
2017-04-10)
727000陜西省銅川市,陜西省銅川礦務(wù)局中心醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科