廖道文+符彬文
【摘 要】本文以高中英語(yǔ)人教版選修模塊七第三單元中投訴信的仿寫教學(xué)課例為例,闡述了英語(yǔ)范文仿寫教學(xué)的基本思路,嘗試解決英語(yǔ)范文仿寫教學(xué)中的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題:即仿什么? 寫什么?旨在探索高中英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)的有效途徑,提高高中英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)的效率。
【關(guān)鍵詞】寫作教學(xué) 范文 仿寫 思路
【中圖分類號(hào)】G 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
【文章編號(hào)】0450-9889(2017)02B-0118-04
何謂范文仿寫?“仿”就是模仿,“寫”就是寫作。范文仿寫就是“仿+寫”,即模仿他人的文章進(jìn)行寫作。
為探索高中英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)的有效途徑,分享與交流高中英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),北海市第七中學(xué)老師符彬文提出“三仿二寫五步驟”的教學(xué)思路:即仿什么?寫什么?怎樣仿?怎樣寫?下面以本節(jié)課為例,闡述英語(yǔ)范文仿寫教學(xué)的基本思路。
一、“仿寫”課堂呈現(xiàn)
【Step 1】呈現(xiàn)范文
教師從自己一次網(wǎng)購(gòu)經(jīng)歷(商家發(fā)錯(cuò)貨)入手,引入話題,提問學(xué)生:If you were me, what would you do? 學(xué)生給出不同的答案。最后教師向?qū)W生展示了自己的投訴信:
Dear Sir,
Im writing to express my dissatisfaction with the dress I ordered from your store. After receiving the packet, I found there was something wrong. First,you promised the packet would reach me in three days,but in fact it was delayed by two days. Whats worse,you sent me a wrong size. Therefore,I sincerely hope you can mail the packets earlier next time and I am eager to know whether you can replace it for a right one. I would appreciate that if you could take my complaint into consideration. I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Lisa
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:教師通過創(chuàng)設(shè)情境,用“我的一次淘寶經(jīng)歷”引入話題,為學(xué)生提供仿寫材料,又讓學(xué)生覺得老師沒有脫離他們的生活圈,引起他們對(duì)本節(jié)課的興趣。
【Step 2】解讀范文
教師通過設(shè)計(jì)如下幾個(gè)問題引導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀、分析和理解范文內(nèi)容。
①What kind of letter is it?
②Why does Lisa write the letter?
③Why does Lisa complain about the packet?
④What are Lisas requirements?
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:教師通過設(shè)問,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生解讀范文,為學(xué)生寫作“仿內(nèi)容”打下基礎(chǔ)。
【Step 3】歸納文體
教師通過設(shè)計(jì)以下幾個(gè)問題,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生提煉文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。
①How many parts does a letter of complaints usually have?What are they?
(Six parts. Heading,inside address,salutation,body,complimentary close and signature)
②What does the body of the letter of complaints mainly deal with?
(It deals with the purpose of writing the letter,the problems and the requirements)
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)一步解讀文本,分析其體裁、歸納其結(jié)構(gòu),訓(xùn)練學(xué)生語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的條理性和層次性,為學(xué)生寫作“仿結(jié)構(gòu)”做好鋪墊。
【Step 4】提煉詞句
1.給原句“找替身”。要求學(xué)生先根據(jù)投訴信正文部分 3個(gè)方面內(nèi)容(purpose,problems and requirements)找出其原句,然后讓學(xué)生討論,并說出類似的表達(dá)方式(見表 1)。
2.要求學(xué)生找出文章中的過渡詞,并說明其用法,然后讓學(xué)生說出其它的過渡詞。
詞。如:first,but,Whats worse.therefore,and,so,in addition,Whats more.…etc
3.要求學(xué)生閱讀下列句子,注意其語(yǔ)氣。
(1)I sincerely hope you can mail the packets earlier next time.
(2)I am eager to know whether you can replace it for a right one.
(3)I would appreciate it if you could take my complaint into consideration.
4.讓學(xué)生說出其它一些表示禮貌、委婉客氣的句式。如:I do hope…,I wonder if you can…,I would like to…,If I were you … I would…,I would be grateful if you …,I would appreciate it if…etc.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:教師設(shè)計(jì)了“找替身,找過渡詞,體會(huì)語(yǔ)氣句”等活動(dòng),既培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的發(fā)散思維能力,又訓(xùn)練了學(xué)生語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的豐富性,連貫性和得體性,為學(xué)生寫作“仿語(yǔ)言”打好腳手架。
【Step 5】小結(jié)(How to write a letter of complaints)
How can you write a letter of complaints?You can write it by imitating the content,structure and language of my letter.The body of a letter of complaints usually includes three aspects.The first deals with the purpose of writing the letter.The second deals with the problems.The third deals with the requirements.While writing,you should try to use the expressions you just share with us,including some linking words.Meanwhile you should write in a polite and reasonable way since it is a letter of complaints,.All these will make a good article.Have we got it?
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:通過歸納總結(jié),加深學(xué)生對(duì)此類文章內(nèi)容及框架的理解與把握,強(qiáng)化了學(xué)生“仿什么”,讓學(xué)生在接下來的“習(xí)作”訓(xùn)練中做到有文可“仿”,有文會(huì)“仿”。
【Step 6】習(xí)作訓(xùn)練
假如你是李華,請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面三張圖片的內(nèi)容給你們校長(zhǎng)寫一封信反映食堂存在的問題,并提出建議或要求。字?jǐn)?shù)要求 100 字左右。
1.教師提問“Are you satisfied with our school canteen?”引入習(xí)作話題。
2.教師出示前幾天在學(xué)校食堂拍的三張照片(如下圖),讓學(xué)生討論食堂存在的問題,并提出建議或要求(寫提綱)。
Problems Requirements
Picture 1 wait in long lines,too crowded open more windows
Picture 2 high price bring down the price
Picture 3 find sand in our food be more careful while preparing our food
3. 討論后,讓學(xué)生完成習(xí)作。
4. 要求學(xué)生先根據(jù)教師提供的互評(píng)表進(jìn)行互評(píng)互改,然后叫部分學(xué)生展示和分享她們的作品。
以下是一位學(xué)生的仿寫習(xí)作:
Dear headmaster,
I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about our school canteen.
First,our school canteen is too crowded.It takes us a long time to get our dishes.In addition,the price of some food is so high that some poor students are burdened heavily.Whats worse,we sometimes find sand in the food.So I do hope they can open more windows for us and should be more careful while preparing our food.I wonder if they can bring down the price of some food.
Thank you for your consideration and I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:在“三仿”(仿內(nèi)容、仿語(yǔ)言、仿結(jié)構(gòu))訓(xùn)練的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行“寫”的訓(xùn)練。在“寫”之前,教師呈現(xiàn)圖片,設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)開放性的問題讓學(xué)生討論,從而激活學(xué)生的內(nèi)容圖式。整個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)鞏固了“仿寫”的技巧,達(dá)成了學(xué)以致用之目標(biāo)。
【Step 7】布置作業(yè)
先討論學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)存在的問題,然后請(qǐng)你們給校長(zhǎng)寫一封信反映問題,并提出建議或要求。字?jǐn)?shù)要求 100 字左右。
二、范文仿寫教學(xué)的基本思路
還原教師的課堂任務(wù)與內(nèi)容,讀者可了解范文仿寫教學(xué)課程的基本思路為:解讀范文(仿內(nèi)容)—— 歸納文體(仿結(jié)構(gòu))——提煉詞句(仿語(yǔ)言)——激活材料(寫提綱)——成就仿寫(寫篇章)。筆者把它概括為“三仿二寫五步驟”。
1.解讀范文—— 仿內(nèi)容
解讀范文就是通過閱讀和分析范文,理解其內(nèi)容,并領(lǐng)悟作者的寫作意圖。在范文仿寫教學(xué)中,教師通常先精心挑選一篇范文讓學(xué)生解讀其文本。解讀文本的任務(wù)主要包括:一是讀中心句,抓住文章大意。二是分析文章細(xì)節(jié),獲取支持性的細(xì)節(jié)信息(要點(diǎn))。三是領(lǐng)悟作者的寫作意圖。只有對(duì)文本進(jìn)行認(rèn)真地解讀,才能讓學(xué)生感受語(yǔ)言,最終成為語(yǔ)言的模仿者、學(xué)習(xí)者或?qū)嵺`者。