無償獻(xiàn)血人群的中醫(yī)體質(zhì)狀況研究

史會(huì)梅，朱燕波，張笑梅，王鴻捷，張偉東，虞曉含，鹿 佳，

·論著·

·專題研究·

無償獻(xiàn)血人群的中醫(yī)體質(zhì)狀況研究

史會(huì)梅1，朱燕波2*，張笑梅2，王鴻捷3，張偉東3，虞曉含1，鹿 佳2，

索艷風(fēng)2，李 桐2，李彥妮2，嚴(yán) 輝2，王樂融2，史穆然2

目的 探討無償獻(xiàn)血對(duì)中醫(yī)體質(zhì)狀況的影響。方法 采用方便抽樣法，選取2015年7—11月北京市紅十字血液中心獻(xiàn)血小屋和采血車上的無償獻(xiàn)血者和非獻(xiàn)血者。調(diào)查其一般資料和獻(xiàn)血信息，并采用中醫(yī)體質(zhì)量表對(duì)其中醫(yī)體質(zhì)進(jìn)行調(diào)查。結(jié)果 共發(fā)放問卷749份，回收725份，有效681份，有效回收率為90.92%。其中獻(xiàn)血0次者167例、獻(xiàn)血1～4次者296例、獻(xiàn)血5～9次者102例、獻(xiàn)血≥10次者116例。不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)者平和質(zhì)、氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)得分比較，差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)；其中獻(xiàn)血1～4次者氣虛質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者；獻(xiàn)血5～9次和≥10次者平和質(zhì)得分高于獻(xiàn)血0次者，氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者；獻(xiàn)血≥10次者血瘀質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者和獻(xiàn)血1～4次者(P<0.05)。男性不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)者氣郁質(zhì)得分比較，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)，其中獻(xiàn)血≥10次者氣郁質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者(P<0.05)。女性不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)者平和質(zhì)、氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、痰濕質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)得分比較，差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)；其中獻(xiàn)血5～9次者平和質(zhì)得分高于獻(xiàn)血0次者和獻(xiàn)血1～4次者，氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)得分均低于獻(xiàn)血0次者和獻(xiàn)血1～4次者，氣郁質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者；獻(xiàn)血≥10次者平和質(zhì)得分高于獻(xiàn)血0次者，氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、痰濕質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者，痰濕質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血1～4次者(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 無償獻(xiàn)血者體質(zhì)得分狀況優(yōu)于非獻(xiàn)血者，且獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)較多者體質(zhì)狀況更好。另外，隨著獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)的增加，女性體質(zhì)狀況較男性好。

無償獻(xiàn)血；中醫(yī)體質(zhì)量表；平和質(zhì)；氣虛質(zhì)

史會(huì)梅，朱燕波，張笑梅,等.無償獻(xiàn)血人群的中醫(yī)體質(zhì)狀況研究[J].中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué)，2017，20(14)：1729-1734.[www.chinagp.net]

SHI H M,ZHU Y B,ZHANG X M,et al.Traditional Chinese medicine constitution of unpaid blood donation population[J].Chinese General Practice，2017，20(14)：1729-1734.

無償獻(xiàn)血是臨床用血的重要來源。越來越多的研究表明定期適量獻(xiàn)血有利于提高身體免疫力，延緩衰老，降低疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，促進(jìn)心理健康[1-3]。我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)中無“獻(xiàn)血”一詞，但是放血療法作為疾病治療手段卻源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，并流傳至今。我國(guó)漢、藏、蒙、維、壯等民族均有各具特色的放血療法[4]。該療法通過出惡血、辟濁氣、通經(jīng)脈、調(diào)血?dú)?，改變氣血運(yùn)行不暢的狀況，實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)整臟腑、經(jīng)絡(luò)、氣血功能的作用[5]。現(xiàn)代研究也表明，放血療法對(duì)疾病的治療有效，有利于健康[6-7]。為從中醫(yī)角度了解無償獻(xiàn)血對(duì)健康狀況的改善，本研究通過比較不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)人群中醫(yī)體質(zhì)得分，探索無償獻(xiàn)血是否對(duì)體質(zhì)狀況的改善有積極作用，以期為無償獻(xiàn)血是否有利于健康提供有力依據(jù)，促進(jìn)我國(guó)無償獻(xiàn)血事業(yè)的發(fā)展。

1 對(duì)象與方法

1.1 調(diào)查對(duì)象 采用方便抽樣法，選取2015年7—11月北京市紅十字血液中心獻(xiàn)血小屋和采血車上的無償獻(xiàn)血者和非獻(xiàn)血者，非獻(xiàn)血者來源于無償獻(xiàn)血者的陪同人員(從未獻(xiàn)血)。同時(shí)結(jié)合網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)查(問卷星)，并通過微信、微博等社交媒體進(jìn)行宣傳。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：年齡18～60歲；了解本研究?jī)?nèi)容與目的，并簽署知情同意書；能夠獨(dú)立完成調(diào)查問卷。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：精神疾病者；患有已確診疾病者；因文化水平等原因不能很好理解調(diào)查問卷者。

共發(fā)放問卷749份，回收725份，剔除不合格問卷(填寫不完整、存在邏輯錯(cuò)誤等)44份，有效問卷681份，有效回收率為90.92%。其中無償獻(xiàn)血者514例，非獻(xiàn)血者167例。

1.2 調(diào)查內(nèi)容

1.2.1 一般資料調(diào)查 包括性別、年齡、文化水平、婚姻狀況、吸煙習(xí)慣、飲酒習(xí)慣、運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣、睡眠時(shí)間等。

1.2.2 獻(xiàn)血信息調(diào)查 包括獻(xiàn)血量、獻(xiàn)血類型等。獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)根據(jù)獻(xiàn)血量和獻(xiàn)血類型進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化：獻(xiàn)血類型為全血，以200 ml獻(xiàn)血量為1次；獻(xiàn)血類型為成分血，以1單位機(jī)采血小板為1次，獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)為獻(xiàn)全血次數(shù)與成分血次數(shù)之和。

1.2.3 中醫(yī)體質(zhì)調(diào)查 采用中醫(yī)體質(zhì)量表[8]對(duì)中醫(yī)體質(zhì)進(jìn)行調(diào)查，量表共包括60個(gè)條目，分為平和質(zhì)、氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、陰虛質(zhì)、痰濕質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)和特稟質(zhì)9個(gè)亞量表。各亞量表計(jì)分：先將各亞量表?xiàng)l目得分相加計(jì)算原始分，轉(zhuǎn)化分=(原始分-條目數(shù))/(條目數(shù)×4)×100[9]。各條目得分范圍為1～5分，各亞量表轉(zhuǎn)化分范圍為0～100分。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 一般資料 非獻(xiàn)血者和無償獻(xiàn)血者運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣、睡眠時(shí)間比較，差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)；非獻(xiàn)血者和無償獻(xiàn)血者性別、年齡、文化水平、婚姻狀況、吸煙習(xí)慣、飲酒習(xí)慣比較，差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05，見表1)。

2.2 不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)中醫(yī)體質(zhì)得分情況 不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)者陰虛質(zhì)、痰濕質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)、特稟質(zhì)得分比較，差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)；不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)者平和質(zhì)、氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)得分比較，差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)；其中獻(xiàn)血1～4次者氣虛質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者；獻(xiàn)血5～9次和≥10次者平和質(zhì)得分高于獻(xiàn)血0次者，氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者；獻(xiàn)血≥10次者血瘀質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者和獻(xiàn)血1～4次者，差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05，見表2)。

2.3 不同性別中醫(yī)體質(zhì)得分情況 男性不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)者平和質(zhì)、氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、陰虛質(zhì)、痰濕質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)、特稟質(zhì)得分比較，差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)；不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)者氣郁質(zhì)得分比較，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)，其中獻(xiàn)血≥10次者氣郁質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者，差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05，見表3)。女性不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)者陰虛質(zhì)、特稟質(zhì)得分比較，差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)；不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)者平和質(zhì)、氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、痰濕質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)得分比較，差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)；其中獻(xiàn)血5～9次者平和質(zhì)得分高于獻(xiàn)血0次者和獻(xiàn)血1～4次者，氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者和獻(xiàn)血1～4次者，氣郁質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者；獻(xiàn)血≥10次者平和質(zhì)得分高于獻(xiàn)血0次者，氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、痰濕質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者，痰濕質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血1～4次者，差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05，見表4)。

表1 非獻(xiàn)血者和無償獻(xiàn)血者一般資料比較

Table1Comparisonofgeneraldatabetweennon-blooddonorsandblooddonors

資料非獻(xiàn)血者(n=167)無償獻(xiàn)血者(n=514)檢驗(yàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)量值P值性別〔n(%)〕49.73<0.001 男57(34.13)335(65.18) 女110(65.87)179(34.82)年齡(歲)25.9±7.929.0±8.8-4.38a<0.001文化水平〔n(%)〕-4.65b<0.001 初中及以下18(10.78)93(18.09) 高中及?？?0(29.94)226(43.97) 本科及以上99(59.28)195(37.94)婚姻狀況〔n(%)〕23.84<0.001 未婚126(75.45)284(55.25) 已婚41(24.55)212(41.25) 其他018(3.50)吸煙習(xí)慣〔n(%)〕28.67<0.001 現(xiàn)在吸21(12.57)157(30.54) 以前吸7(4.19)45(8.76) 從不吸煙139(83.24)312(60.70)飲酒習(xí)慣〔n(%)〕24.16<0.001 現(xiàn)在喝44(26.35)245(47.67) 以前喝13(7.78)36(7.00) 從不飲酒110(65.87)233(45.33)運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣〔n(%)〕-0.95b0.342 經(jīng)常運(yùn)動(dòng)50(29.94)191(37.16) 有時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)74(44.31)185(35.99) 不太運(yùn)動(dòng)43(25.75)138(26.85)睡眠時(shí)間(h)7.4±1.17.3±1.01.41a0.159

注：a為t值，b為U值，余檢驗(yàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)量值為χ2值

表2 不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)者中醫(yī)體質(zhì)得分比較(最小二乘均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差，分)

注：與獻(xiàn)血0次比較，aP<0.05；與獻(xiàn)血1～4次比較，bP<0.05

表3 男性不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)者中醫(yī)體質(zhì)得分比較(最小二乘均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差，分)

注：與獻(xiàn)血0次比較，aP<0.05

表4 女性不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)者中醫(yī)體質(zhì)得分比較(最小二乘均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差，分)

注：與獻(xiàn)血0次比較，aP<0.05；與獻(xiàn)血1～4次比較，bP<0.05

3 討論

我國(guó)臨床用血需求越來越大，輸血對(duì)患者的健康甚至生命均有重要意義。如何加強(qiáng)無償獻(xiàn)血的宣傳，招募更多無償獻(xiàn)血志愿者，尤其是固定的無償獻(xiàn)血志愿者的招募，是相關(guān)工作人員所重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的問題[12-14]。當(dāng)前無償獻(xiàn)血的宣傳口號(hào)集中于利他、奉獻(xiàn)、無損于健康，加上人們對(duì)獻(xiàn)血知識(shí)的認(rèn)知有限，我國(guó)的無償獻(xiàn)血量遠(yuǎn)不能滿足臨床需求。本研究從中醫(yī)體質(zhì)的角度，探索無償獻(xiàn)血是否有益于自身健康。

張桂英等[15]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，獻(xiàn)全血200～400 ml時(shí)，血流變檢測(cè)未發(fā)現(xiàn)變化；獻(xiàn)全血800～1 200 ml時(shí)，血細(xì)胞比容發(fā)生明顯變化；當(dāng)反復(fù)獻(xiàn)血時(shí)，全血黏度、血漿黏度、血細(xì)胞比容、紅細(xì)胞電泳指數(shù)、纖維蛋白原等指標(biāo)均明顯降低(在參考范圍內(nèi))。曾鳳芹等[16]研究也表明，獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)越多，腦血管疾病發(fā)病率越低，非獻(xiàn)血者腦血管疾病發(fā)病率明顯高于獻(xiàn)血者。本研究結(jié)果顯示，獻(xiàn)血1～4次者氣虛質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者；獻(xiàn)血5～9次者平和質(zhì)得分高于獻(xiàn)血0次者，氣虛質(zhì)和陽虛質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者；獻(xiàn)血≥10次者平和質(zhì)得分高于獻(xiàn)血0次者，氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)和氣郁質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者，血瘀質(zhì)、氣郁質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血1～4次者。提示無償獻(xiàn)血≥10次者平和質(zhì)得分較高，氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)和氣郁質(zhì)得分較低。

對(duì)于女性而言，獻(xiàn)血5～9次者與獻(xiàn)血0次者及獻(xiàn)血1～4次者相比，平和質(zhì)得分較高，氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)和氣郁質(zhì)得分較低。獻(xiàn)血≥10次者與獻(xiàn)血0次者相比，平和質(zhì)得分較高，氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、痰濕質(zhì)、濕熱質(zhì)和氣郁質(zhì)得分較低；與獻(xiàn)血1～4次者相比，痰濕質(zhì)和氣郁質(zhì)得分較低。對(duì)于男性而言，僅獻(xiàn)血≥10次者氣郁質(zhì)得分低于獻(xiàn)血0次者。提示無償獻(xiàn)血對(duì)女性體質(zhì)狀況的改善較男性更明顯?？赡苁怯捎谂栽陆?jīng)期間少量失血，反復(fù)刺激其骨髓干細(xì)胞，身體對(duì)少量失血的適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)，多次或定期適量獻(xiàn)血時(shí)，其健康狀況改善會(huì)更好。

男性無償獻(xiàn)血者明顯多于女性[17-19]。有研究認(rèn)為，身體內(nèi)鐵含量超過參考范圍上限10%易患癌癥，女性經(jīng)期由于流血現(xiàn)象，會(huì)損失大量鐵，因而鼓勵(lì)男性更應(yīng)該無償獻(xiàn)血[20]。女性有經(jīng)期、妊娠期、哺乳期等特殊生理特征以及女性更加膽怯等原因影響女性無償獻(xiàn)血積極性。但也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性血液檢測(cè)合格率高于男性[21-22]。面對(duì)我國(guó)無償獻(xiàn)血量無法滿足臨床用血需求的現(xiàn)狀，進(jìn)一步探索無償獻(xiàn)血是否對(duì)女性的體質(zhì)與健康狀況改善效果明顯，研究其形成的原因及機(jī)制，加大對(duì)女性無償獻(xiàn)血者的宣傳與招募，可能是提高獻(xiàn)血量的一個(gè)有效途徑。

綜上所述，無償獻(xiàn)血者的中醫(yī)體質(zhì)狀況優(yōu)于非獻(xiàn)血者，獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)較多者的體質(zhì)狀況較獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)較少者更好，主要是平和質(zhì)、氣虛質(zhì)、陽虛質(zhì)、血瘀質(zhì)和氣郁質(zhì)的狀況較好，并且獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)較多對(duì)女性體質(zhì)狀況的改善效果更加明顯。這為無償獻(xiàn)血有益于自身健康提供了依據(jù)，有利于發(fā)展更多的、固定的無償獻(xiàn)血志愿者，為臨床用血需求及臨床用血安全提供保障。

本研究存在一定的局限性。首先，樣本量較小，可能影響研究結(jié)果的穩(wěn)定性，今后需要擴(kuò)大樣本量進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。其次，由于采用方便抽樣法，納入的樣本存在一定的偏倚，代表性不足。最后，本研究為橫斷面調(diào)查研究，無法做出因果推斷，今后需要開展更多的隊(duì)列研究進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期跟蹤調(diào)查。

本研究背景：

近年來不斷有研究顯示，無償獻(xiàn)血不僅無害于健康，而且可能對(duì)健康有一定的促進(jìn)作用。基于此，本研究對(duì)不同獻(xiàn)血次數(shù)的無償獻(xiàn)血者進(jìn)行中醫(yī)體質(zhì)調(diào)查，分析無償獻(xiàn)血者的中醫(yī)體質(zhì)狀況，從中醫(yī)角度探索無償獻(xiàn)血是否有益于健康，以期為無償獻(xiàn)血事業(yè)的發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)。

作者貢獻(xiàn)：史會(huì)梅、朱燕波進(jìn)行文章的構(gòu)思與設(shè)計(jì)；史會(huì)梅、朱燕波、張笑梅、王鴻捷、張偉東、虞曉含進(jìn)行研究的實(shí)施與可行性分析；史會(huì)梅、張笑梅、虞曉含、鹿佳、索艷風(fēng)、李桐、李彥妮、嚴(yán)輝、王樂融、史穆然進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集；史會(huì)梅、朱燕波、張笑梅、虞曉含、鹿佳、索艷風(fēng)、李桐、李彥妮、嚴(yán)輝進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)整理；史會(huì)梅、朱燕波、張笑梅、虞曉含進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理、結(jié)果的分析與解釋、負(fù)責(zé)文章的質(zhì)量控制及審校；史會(huì)梅撰寫論文；史會(huì)梅、朱燕波、虞曉含、鹿佳、索艷風(fēng)、李桐、李彥妮、嚴(yán)輝、王樂融、史穆然進(jìn)行論文修訂；朱燕波對(duì)文章整理負(fù)責(zé)，監(jiān)督管理。

本文無利益沖突。

[1]?；奂?王慶周,馮慶功,等.80名無償獻(xiàn)血者獻(xiàn)血前后觀察分析[J].福建中醫(yī)藥,2008,39(5):7-9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-338X.2008.05.004. NIU H J,WANG Q Z,FENG Q G,et al.TCM analysis on 80 voluntary blood donors before and after blood donation[J].Fujian Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2008,39(5):7-9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-338X.2008.05.004.

[2]FINCH C A,COOK J D,LABBE R F,et al.Effect of blood donation on iron stores as evaluated by serum ferritin[J].Blood,1977,50(3):441-447.

[3]MEYERS D G,STRICKLAND D,MALOLEY P A,et al.Possible association of a reduction in cardiovascular events with blood donation[J].Heart,1997,78(2):188-193.

[4]馬莎,郭義.中國(guó)不同民族刺絡(luò)放血療法的比較研究[J].天津中醫(yī)藥,2004,21(1):35-37.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1519.2004.01.014. MA S,GUO Y.The comparative study of meridian-pricking and blood-letting therapy of different nations in China[J].Tianjin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2004,21(1):35-37.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1519.2004.01.014.

[5]?；奂?王慶周,馮慶功,等.祖國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)論證獻(xiàn)血有益健康的研究[J].職業(yè)與健康,2009,25(1):94-95. NIU H J,WANG Q Z,FENG Q G,et al.Chinese medical proof of blood donation benefit for health[J].Occupation and Health,2009,25(1):94-95.

[6]馮曉東,馮紅霞.耳穴放血結(jié)合康復(fù)訓(xùn)練治療腦卒中后認(rèn)知障礙療效觀察[J].中醫(yī)臨床研究,2015,7(14):49-50.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7860.2015.14.025. FENG X D,FENG H X.Effective observation of ear acupoint bloodletting combined with rehabilitation training on cognitive impairment after stroke[J].Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine,2015,7(14):49-50.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7860.2015.14.025.

[7]周策,張福蓉,王栩芮,等.刺絡(luò)放血療法聯(lián)合消風(fēng)散治療血虛風(fēng)燥型慢性蕁麻疹的臨床觀察[J].中華中醫(yī)藥雜志,2016,31(4):1496-1499. ZHOU C,ZHANG F R,WANG X R,et al.Clinical observation on treating chronic urticaria with syndrome of wind and dryness due to blood deficiency with combination of blood-letting therapy and Xiaofeng Powder[J].China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy,2016,31(4):1496-1499.

[8]朱燕波.生命質(zhì)量(QOL)測(cè)量與評(píng)價(jià)[M].北京:人民軍醫(yī)出版社，2010:203-205. ZHU Y B.Measurement and evaluation of quality of life[M].Beijing:People′s Military Medical Press，2010:203-205.

[9]中醫(yī)體質(zhì)分類與判定(ZYYXH/T157-2009)[J].世界中西醫(yī)結(jié)合雜志,2009,4(4):303-304. Classification and determination of constitution of traditional Chinese medicine (ZYYXH/T157-2009)[J].World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine,2009,4(4):303-304.

[10]王琦,朱燕波.中國(guó)一般人群中醫(yī)體質(zhì)流行病學(xué)調(diào)查——基于全國(guó)9省市21948例流行病學(xué)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)[J].中華中醫(yī)藥雜志,2009,24(1):7-12. WANG Q,ZHU Y B.Epidemiological investigation of constitutional types of Chinese medicine in general population:base on 21,948 epidemiological investigation data of nine provinces in China[J].China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy,2009,24(1):7-12.

[11]王琦,朱燕波,折笠秀樹,等.中醫(yī)痰濕體質(zhì)相關(guān)影響因素的研究[J].北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2008,31(1):10-13.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1006-2157.2008.01.003. WANG Q,ZHU Y B,ORIGASA H,et al.Study on related influencing factors of phlegm-wetness constitution in Chinese medicine[J].Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2008,31(1):10-13.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1006-2157.2008.01.003.

[12]陳承益.固定無償獻(xiàn)血志愿者庫(kù)的建立及招募體系的研究[J].中國(guó)輸血雜志,2014,27(11):1246-1248.DOI:10.13303/j.cjbt.issn.1004-549x.2014.11.063. CHEN C Y.Study on the fixed establishment of an archive on volunteers of voluntary blood donation and an recruitment system[J].Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion,2014,27(11):1246-1248.DOI:10.13303/j.cjbt.issn.1004-549x.2014.11.063.

[13]盧亮,張艷艷,藍(lán)欲曉,等.深圳地區(qū)無償獻(xiàn)血宣傳招募新趨勢(shì)——品牌捐血活動(dòng)“紅色行動(dòng)”給我們的啟示[J].中國(guó)輸血雜志,2014,27(11):1202-1204.DOI:10.13303/j.cjbt.issn.1004-549x.2014.11.046. LU L,ZHANG Y Y,LAN Y X,et al.New trends in advertising and recruitment for voluntary non-remunerated blood donation(VNRBD) in Shenzhen——inspired by blood donation activity "Red Action"[J].Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion,2014,27(11):1202-1204.DOI:10.13303/j.cjbt.issn.1004-549x.2014.11.046.

[14]李蓓,李繼明,王明民.無償獻(xiàn)血志愿隊(duì)宣傳招募工作新模式的建立與運(yùn)營(yíng)[J].中國(guó)輸血雜志,2015,28(4):354-356.DOI:10.13303/j.cjbt.issn.1004-549x.2015.04.002. LI B,LI J M,WANG M M.The role of unique volunteer team building in the work of voluntary blood donation[J].Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion,2015,28(4):354-356.DOI:10.13303/j.cjbt.issn.1004-549x.2015.04.002.

[15]張桂英,李長(zhǎng)榮,金永香.反復(fù)獻(xiàn)血對(duì)預(yù)防心腦血管疾病的研究[J].醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)與臨床,2006,17(4):75-77.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5013.2006.04.034. ZHANG G Y,LI C R,JIN Y X.Repeated blood donation on the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases[J].Medical Laboratory Science and Clinics,2006,17(4):75-77.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5013.2006.04.034.

[16]曾鳳芹,齊村生,吳緒華,等.獻(xiàn)血后血液流變學(xué)的變化與腦血管病的預(yù)防[J].中國(guó)血液流變學(xué)雜志,2007,17(3):483-484.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-881X.2007.03.055. ZENG F Q,QI C S,WU X H,et al.Changes of hemorrheology and the prevention of cerebrovascular disease after blood donation[J].Chinese Journal of Hemorheology,2007,17(3):483-484.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-881X.2007.03.055.

[17]谷麗,夏兵.1233名街頭無償獻(xiàn)血者初篩情況分析[J].中國(guó)冶金工業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2015,32(1):59-60. GU L,XIA B.Blood screening result of 1 233 voluntary blood donors[J].Chinese Medical Journal of Metallurgical Industry,2015,32(1):59-60.

[18]王倩,李建華,肖鯤.洛陽市2005～2014年無償獻(xiàn)血者的分布狀況[J].臨床輸血與檢驗(yàn),2015,17(6):524-526.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2015.06.017. WANG Q,LI J H,XIAO K.Structural investigation on voluntary blood donors in Luoyang from 2005 to 2014[J].Journal of Clinical Transfusion and Laboratory Medicine,2015,17(6):524-526.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2015.06.017.

[19]曾四海,李錦城,張晉昕,等.廣州市無償獻(xiàn)血10年情況分析(1998-2009年)[J].熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2011,11(7):830-833. ZENG S H,LI J C,ZHANG J X,et al.Investigation on voluntary blood donation in Guangzhou(1998-2009)[J].Journal of Tropical Medicine,2011,11(7):830-833.

[20]陶小玲.獻(xiàn)血不會(huì)傷“元?dú)狻?對(duì)身體健康有益[J].中國(guó)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管理,2014,5(1)：88-90. TAO X L.Blood donation is good for health[J].China Health Standard Management,2014,5(1):88-90.

[21]李雙,謝毓濱.2012—2013年長(zhǎng)沙市無償獻(xiàn)血者結(jié)構(gòu)與血液檢測(cè)結(jié)果分析[J].實(shí)用預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué),2016,23(1):75-78. LI S,XIE Y B.Structural investigation on voluntary blood donors and result of their blood screening in Changsha from 2012 to 2013[J].Practical Preventive Medicine,2016,23(1):75-78.

[22]周軍兵,姜蓓蓓,耿雪芹.2005～2013年鹽城地區(qū)無償獻(xiàn)血者HBsAg陽性率的調(diào)查[J].臨床輸血與檢驗(yàn),2015,17(6):546-547.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2015.06.025. ZHOU J B,JIANG B B,GENG X Q.The positive rate of HBsAg of voluntary blood donors in Yancheng from 2005 to 2013[J].Journal of Clinical Transfusion and Laboratory Medicine,2015,17(6):546-547.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2587.2015.06.025.

(本文編輯：賈萌萌)

Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution of Unpaid Blood Donation Population

SHIHui-mei1,ZHUYan-bo2*,ZHANGXiao-mei2,WANGHong-jie3,ZHANGWei-dong3,YUXiao-han1,LUJia2,SUOYan-feng2,LITong2,LIYan-ni2,YANHui2,WANGLe-rong2,SHIMu-ran2

1.SchoolofBasicMedicalScience,BeijingUniversityofChineseMedicine,Beijing100029,China2.SchoolofManagement,BeijingUniversityofChineseMedicine,Beijing100029,China3.BeijingRedCrossBloodCenter,Beijing100088,China

*Correspondingauthor:ZHUYan-bo,Professor,Doctoralsupervisor;E-mail:yanbo0722@sina.com

Objective To explore the effect of unpaid blood donation on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution.Methods The unpaid blood donors and their companions in the blood donation house and vehicle of Beijing Red Cross Blood Center from July to November 2015 were selected by convenient sampling method.Their general information and blood donation information were investigated,and the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire was used to investigate their constitution of Chinese medicine.Results A total of 749 questionnaires were sent out,725 were acquired and 681 were valid.The effective response rate was 90.92%.There were 167 non-blood donors,and 514 blood donors,of which 296 had a blood donation of 1 to 4 times,102 had a blood donation of 5 to 9 times,and 116 had a blood donation ≥10 times.There were significant differences in the scores of gentleness constitution,and qi-deficiency constitution,yang-deficiency constitution,blood-stasis constitution,and qi-depression constitution among blood donors of different donating times(P<0.05);the scores of qi-deficiency constitution among blood donors with a donation of 1 to 4 times was lower than that of non-blood donors;the scores of gentleness constitution among blood donors with a donation of 5 to 9 times and ≥10 times was higher than that of non-blood donors,while their scores of qi-deficiency constitution and yang-deficiency constitution were lower than that of non-blood donors;the scores of blood-stasis constitution,qi-depression constitution of blood donors with a donation ≥10 times were lower than that of non-blood donors and the blood donors with a donation of 1 to 4 times (P<0.05).The scores of qi-depression constitution were significantly different in males of different donating times,and among them,the scores of qi-depression constitution of blood donors with a donation ≥10 times was lower than that of non-blood donors(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the scores of gentleness constitution,qi-deficiency constitution,yang-deficiency constitution,phlegm-dampness constitution,dampness-heat constitution,blood-stasis constitution,and qi-depression constitution among females of different donating times (P<0.05);among them,the scores of gentleness constitution of blood donors with a donation of 5 to 9 times was higher than that of non-blood donors and blood donors with a donation of 1 to 4 times,their scores of qi-deficiency constitution,yang-deficiency constitution,dampness-heat constitution,and blood-stasis constitution were all lower than those of non-blood donors and blood donors with a donation of 1 to 4 times,and their scores of qi-depression constitution was lower than that of non-blood donors(P<0.05).The score of gentleness constitution of blood donors with a donation ≥10 times was higher than that of non-blood donors,their scores of qi-deficiency constitution,yang-deficiency constitution,phlegm-dampness constitution,dampness-heat constitution,and qi-depression constitution were lower than that of non-blood donors,and their scores of phlegm-dampness constitution and qi-depression constitution were lower than that of blood donors with a donation of 1 to 4 times(P<0.05).Conclusion The constitution status of blood donors is better than that of non-blood donors,and the more donating times they have,the better constitution they are in.Especially the donors who donated more times.In addition,with an increasing number of blood donation,the constitution of females will be better than that of the males.

Unpaid blood donation;Constitution in Chinese medicine questionnaire;Gentleness constitution;Qi-deficiency constitution

科技部基礎(chǔ)性工作專項(xiàng)(2013FY114400-5)

R 19

A

10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.14.016

2016-12-29；

2017-03-03)

1.100029北京市，北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)中醫(yī)學(xué)院

2.100029北京市，北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)管理學(xué)院

3.100088北京市紅十字血液中心

*通信作者：朱燕波，教授，博士生導(dǎo)師；E-mail：yanbo0722@sina.com