輪軌動力學(xué)與安全特性階段研究報告

王悅明++董孝卿++任尊松++曾曉輝++劉玉標(biāo)

摘 要：該研究將任務(wù)分解4個部分進行研究，分別由4個研究小組完成。研究小組1開展高速列車輪軌關(guān)系和運行安全性試驗研究，通過對比國內(nèi)外高速列車輪軌動力學(xué)試驗方法和研究成果，驗證了中國高速列車試驗方法可以滿足高速列車運行安全的評估要求。并通過高速列車試驗，獲得時速最高達420 km/h的16輛編組高速列車輪軌作用力數(shù)據(jù)，獲得時速最高達420 km/h的16輛編組高速列車振動頻譜特。研究小組2開展高速列車-軌道系統(tǒng)高頻振動動力學(xué)仿真研究。采用有限元法，在建立道岔區(qū)轍叉模型和車輪模型基礎(chǔ)上，研究了車輪通過道岔轍叉區(qū)時的輪軌接觸狀態(tài)、車輪重心變化以及輪軌動力等動態(tài)特征，分析了輪對橫移量對輪/岔接觸影響因素。在建立車輛-板式軌道耦合系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)模型基礎(chǔ)上，研究了京津線路隨機不平順和42號高速道岔激擾下輪軌振動特性和軌道板的疲勞壽命。研究小組3開展氣流擾動下的列車穩(wěn)定性分析方法研究，主要研究考慮氣動載荷作用下，高速列車蛇行運動穩(wěn)定性的分析方法，分別建立了針對直線和曲線軌道的分析方法和計算程序。進而，針對氣動載荷對高速列車蛇行運動穩(wěn)定性的影響進行了詳細分析。研究小組4開展高速列車多體系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)仿真研究。通過數(shù)值模擬研究不同行駛速度下，高速列車在明線運行和明線橫風(fēng)兩種場景下的行駛安全性。為今后研制側(cè)風(fēng)預(yù)警系統(tǒng)合理設(shè)定側(cè)風(fēng)環(huán)境下運行速度限值提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究成果部分已應(yīng)用于中國高速列車的聯(lián)調(diào)聯(lián)試試驗，對我國高速鐵路線路和車輛的優(yōu)化設(shè)計、高速鐵路的安全運營和維護有重要的理論指導(dǎo)意義。

關(guān)鍵詞：輪軌動力學(xué)試驗 車-軌耦合系統(tǒng) 氣流擾動 多體動力學(xué) 高速列車

The Stage Report for the High-speed EMU Wheel-rail Dynamics and Safety Characterics Research

Wang Yueming1 Dong Xiaoqing1 Ren Zunsong2 Zeng Xiaohui3 Liu Yubiao3

（1.China Academy of Railway Sciences； 2.BeiJing Jiaotong University； 3.Institute of Mechanics， Chinese Academy of Sciences）

Abstract：The project research tasks include 4 parts， which were completed by four research groups. The first group carried out a high-speed train wheel -rail dynamics and safety research. By comparing the domestic and foreign high-speed train wheel-rail dynamics test methods and research results， it is confirmed that Chinese high-speed trains running test methods can meet the high-speed train safety assessment requirements. Through the high-speed train test， they have got wheel-rails force data for different speeds of up to 420 km/h of 16 high-speed trains， and the vibration spectrum. The second group two carried out high frequency vibration dynamics simulation research of train - track system. Using the finite element method， establishing turnout area frog model and wheel model，the research of the wheel through the turnout frog zone and of wheel-rail contact state ， wheels and wheel-rail power center of gravity changes and other dynamic characteristics have been carried out， and the wheel traverse position on wheel/turnout exposure factors have been analyzed. In the establishment of the vehicle - coupled slab track system dynamics model， studies of the Beijing-Tianjin line 42 random irregularity and the next round of high-speed rail turnouts Excitation orbital plate vibration characteristics and fatigue life have completed. The third research group developed the airflow disturbance stability analysis method. Mainly considering aerodynamic loads， high speed train Hunting Stability analysis methods were established for straight and curved track analytical ways and calculation procedures. Furthermore， a detailed analysis of the Hunting Stability for the high-speed train were carried out considering the aerodynamic loads.

Key Words：Wheel-rail dynamics test； Vehicle-rail systems； Air disturbance； Multi-body dynamics； High-speed train