氣動作用下高速列車響應(yīng)特性研究

黃晨光

摘 要：該研究的總體研究目標(biāo)是弄清楚在氣動作用下高速列車整車與關(guān)鍵零部件的動力學(xué)響應(yīng)特征以及對運行速度提升后出現(xiàn)的新現(xiàn)象的規(guī)律分析與總結(jié)。前期主要研究工作是針對氣動-輪軌聯(lián)合作用條件下高速列車動力學(xué)響應(yīng)分析建立分析方法與仿真模型，分析、整理與總結(jié)實車實測數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)律，發(fā)現(xiàn)新現(xiàn)象，為計算分析模型提供相關(guān)的驗證數(shù)據(jù)與條件。后期研究主要是對分析方法與計算模型的改進、完善與檢驗，對出現(xiàn)的新現(xiàn)象規(guī)律進行總結(jié)。后期的4項研究內(nèi)容為：（1）考慮流固耦合的列車剛體動力學(xué)分析模型研究；（2）考慮流固耦合的列車剛?cè)狍w動力學(xué)分析模型研究；（3）氣動載荷作用下高速列車車體振動行為及動態(tài)響應(yīng)研究；（4）關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞可靠性分析。該研究主要闡述2013年度取得的主要研究進展與階段性成果。針對上述研究內(nèi)容，主要研究成果包括：建立了高速列車流固耦合、剛?cè)狁詈戏抡婺Ｐ?；建立考慮一系懸掛質(zhì)量效應(yīng)與車體彈性的動態(tài)響應(yīng)仿真模型；提出了增量諧波平衡法與線性頻響函數(shù)法相結(jié)合求解高速列車系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)態(tài)解的方法及軌道動態(tài)不平順模擬方法；分析了考慮軌道不平順作用下，氣動載荷對高速列車直線與曲線通過時的動力學(xué)響應(yīng)的影響；獲得了高速列車車體振動響應(yīng)隨運行速度的變化特征；對高速列車系統(tǒng)中的內(nèi)共振現(xiàn)象進行解釋與分析；研究了高速列車側(cè)窗受交會壓力波作用下的動態(tài)響應(yīng)；分析了高速列車裙板結(jié)構(gòu)在氣動載荷作用下的動態(tài)響應(yīng)及顫振行為。

關(guān)鍵詞：高速列車 流固耦合 剛?cè)狁詈?響應(yīng)特性 交會壓力波

Reseach on the Chracteristic of the Response of High Speed Vehicle Under Aerodynamic Loads

Huang Chenguang

（Institute of Mechanics， Chinese Academy of Sciences）

Abstract： The overall research objective of this topics is to figure out the chracteristic of the response of high speed vehicle and the key components under aerodynamic loads and to analysis the objective law of the new phenomen appeared with the increase of the running speed. The main research work done before is to establish the simulation method and model of the vehicle for the analysis of the dynamic response of the high speed vehicle system and to analyz， sort and summary the measured data of the real vehicle. Later research is mainly on the improvement and the inspection of the simulating methods and models and the summary of the law of new phenomena. The later research content are： （1）research on the analysis of the dynamic response of the high speed vehicle system adtopting rigid body model and considering the fluid solid coupling effects； （2） research on analysis of the dynamic response of the high speed vehicle system considering the rigid-flexibility and the fluid solid coupling effects； （3）research on the vibration behavior and the dynamic response of the car body of high-speed train under aerodynamic loading； （4）fatigue reliability analysis of the key structure. This report mainly describes the major progress and achievements on above research contents in the 2013. The main research achievements include： Considering fluid solid coupling， rigid-flexibility coupling， the model for the analysis of the dynamic response of the high speed vehicle system are established. The numerical model of high speed vehicle system taking into consideration the carbody flexibility and the dynamic effects of the primary suspension have been presented. An approximate harmonic approach formed by incorporating the Incremental Harmonic Balance method with frequency response function for solving the dynamic steady response of railway vehicles is presented. The track dynamic irregularity simulation method is also put forward； Considering the effect of aerodynamic loads and track irregularities， the dynamic responses of high-speed railway train in straight and curve track are analyzed. The characteristics of the car body vibration with the increasing of running speed are obtained. The internal resonance phenomenon on high speed train system is analyzed. The dynamic response of the side window of the car body under crossing pressure wave are investigated. The dynamic bahavior and the flutter phenomenon on the apron board structure of high speed train are studied.

Key Words： Fluid solid coupling； Rigid-flexibility coupling； Stationarity； Internal resonance； Crossing pressure wave； Apron board； Futigue

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