趙紅偉 岳月紅 康 薇.河北省人民醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,河北石家莊05005;.河北省人民醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,河北石家莊05005;.河北省新樂市醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,河北新樂050700
銀杏葉提取物對腸炎小鼠腸黏膜通透性的影響
趙紅偉1岳月紅2康薇3
1.河北省人民醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,河北石家莊050051;2.河北省人民醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,河北石家莊050051;3.河北省新樂市醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,河北新樂050700
目的探索銀杏葉提取物(EGB 761)對腸炎模型小鼠腸黏膜通透性的影響。方法30只C57BL/6小鼠隨機分為正常組(10只)、模型組(10只)、EGB 761組(10只),建立急性結(jié)腸炎小鼠模型。觀察小鼠一般情況及結(jié)腸病理變化;應(yīng)用偶氮基質(zhì)顯色法測定血清中脂多糖(LPS)的含量;采用異硫氰酸熒光素(FITC-D)標(biāo)記的右旋葡聚糖法以及細菌移位來檢測腸黏膜通透性;免疫熒光染色及組織化學(xué)測定結(jié)腸組織中occludin、Claudin-1蛋白的變化。結(jié)果經(jīng)EGB 761治療后模型小鼠的一般情況及結(jié)腸組織病理學(xué)表現(xiàn)均有明顯改善,EGB 761組小鼠血清中LPS的含量(0.14±0.04)與模型組(0.20±0.06)比較明顯降低(P<0.01);EGB 761組FITC-D的滲透率與模型組(4200.80±326.60)比較明顯降低(P<0.01);EGB 761組細菌移位率(40%)與模型組(80%)比較也明顯降低(P<0.01)。免疫熒光染色及組織化學(xué)染色結(jié)果顯示,EGB 761組可增加Claudin-1、occludin蛋白陽性細胞染色。結(jié)論EGB 76可降低腸炎模型小鼠腸黏膜的通透性。
EGB 761;急性腸炎;動物模型;腸黏膜通透性
[Abstract]objective To investigate the effects of Gingko Biloba extract on the intestinal mucosal permeability in the colitis.Methods Thirty of C57BL/6 mice were randomly grouped as follows:control group(10 mice),model group(10 mice),EGB 761 group(10 mice).Models of acute colitis were established,general condition and colon pathological changes were observed,the serum of LPS was detected by Azo matrix chromogenic method;intestinal mucosal permeability were detected by FITC-D and bacterial translocation,the expressions of occludin and Claudin-1 proteins were detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.Results General condition and colon pathological were changed in the EGB 761 group compared with that of the model group;serum levels of the LPS in the EGB 761 group(0.14±0.04)was obviously decreased compared with those of the model group(0.20±0.06)(P<0.01);the level of the FITC-D in EGB 761 group was decreased obviously(1266.40±222.90)compared with that of the model group(4200.80±326.60)(P<0.01);Bacterial translocation was significantly decreased in the EGB 761 group(40%)compared with the model group(80%)(P<0.01);the results of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining showed that the expressions of the Claudin-1 and occludin proteins in colonic tissues increased in EGB 761 group.Conclusion The administration of EGB 761 may be adjusted the intestinal mucosal permeability in the acute experimental colitis.
[Key words]EGB 761;Acute colitis;Animal model;Intestinal mucosal permeability
潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)是一種慢性反復(fù)發(fā)作的腸道炎癥性病變,目前多數(shù)人認為該病是在一定環(huán)境下使腸道黏膜屏障的作用削弱,腸黏膜的通透性增高,致使腸道的致病菌群容易穿過其屏障,從而導(dǎo)致炎癥反復(fù)發(fā)生[1-5],可見腸道黏膜通透性的增高與UC的發(fā)生有著緊密的聯(lián)系[6-12]。有研究表明,銀杏葉提取物761(Ginkgo Biloba extract 761,GBE 761)對該病有治療作用,但是否對腸黏膜屏障的通透性有調(diào)節(jié)作用仍需進一步研究。
1.1試劑與造模方法
右旋葡聚糖硫酸鈉(DSS)(Sigma公司,美國);銀杏葉提取物(EGB 761,金納多注射液,德國威瑪舒培藥廠,批號:7320400);異硫氰酸熒光素(FITC)-Dextrans Sigma顯色基質(zhì)鱟試劑盒(上海榕柏生物技術(shù)有限公司);鼠抗閉合蛋白(occludin)、Claudin-1抗體(美國Santa Cruz公司)。急性期造模及EGB 761干預(yù):30只雄性C57BL/6小鼠購于北京維通利華實驗動物技術(shù)有限公司[合格證號:SCXK(京)2006-0009],體重19~24 g;9~13周。按隨機數(shù)字表隨機分為正常組(10只)、模型組(10只)、EGB 761組(10只)。模型組動物自由飲用2%DSS,持續(xù)1周,正常組及EGB 761組動物飲用蒸餾水,持續(xù)1周。EGB 761組小鼠從實驗開始至結(jié)束,每天予EGB 761(200 mg/kg)1 mL灌腸;正常組和模型組予PBS灌腸作對照,時間均為1周,第8天處死所有動物。
1.2小鼠一般情況及結(jié)腸病理組織染色
觀察動物的體重、毛發(fā)光澤度、精神狀態(tài)、大便性狀、活動情況、食欲等。造模后處死小鼠,取部分結(jié)腸組織置于多聚甲醛內(nèi)固定、包埋、切片,HE染色,行組織病理學(xué)觀察。
1.3脂多糖(LPS)含量的測定
實驗結(jié)束后,應(yīng)用注射器行心臟穿刺取血,取血后以3000 r/min離心15 min,取出血清,按試劑盒說明書應(yīng)用偶氮基質(zhì)顯色法測定LPS含量。
1.4結(jié)腸黏膜的通透性的檢測
實驗結(jié)束前4 h動物禁食水,應(yīng)用FITC-D灌胃,(60 mg FITC-D/100 g),然后采取血清,應(yīng)用熒光分光光度計檢測每個樣本的熒光密度,計算出每只小鼠血清中FITC-D的濃度。
1.5腸系膜淋巴結(jié)細菌移位率的檢測
實驗結(jié)束后,用無菌剪刀剪取小鼠的全部腸系膜淋巴結(jié)(Mesenteric lymph nodes,MLN),稱重后并勻漿,將勻漿組織各0.1 mL分別涂在普通瓊脂培養(yǎng)基上37℃孵箱中培養(yǎng)24 h。計算細菌移位率,細菌移位率=(陽性的只數(shù)/培養(yǎng)的總只數(shù))×100%。
1.6結(jié)腸黏膜免疫組織化學(xué)及熒光染色
實驗結(jié)束后,截取結(jié)腸組織行冰凍切片,嚴格按照實驗步驟,一抗Claudin-1、occludin蛋白在37℃孵育2 h,洗滌,二抗37℃孵育30 min,結(jié)束后在光鏡下觀察Claudin-1、occludin蛋白的表達。免疫熒光染色:其他步驟同上,二抗滴加標(biāo)記紅色熒光的抗小鼠Cy3,室溫1 h,紅色的亮光為陽性表達。在陰性對照組中應(yīng)用PBS替代一抗,其他的方法同上。
1.7統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗;多組間比較采用單因素方差分析;計數(shù)資料用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1小鼠的一般情況
正常組的小鼠大便、飲食、精神狀態(tài)正常、體重增加、毛發(fā)光澤;模型組小鼠第1天一般狀況較正常;第3天開始出現(xiàn)食欲、體重下降,精神萎靡,懶于活動,毛發(fā)無光澤,拉稀便或黏液血便;第5天上述各種癥狀明顯加重,糞便潛血試驗呈強陽性;第7天小鼠體重減輕明顯,肛周可見肉眼血便。EGB 761組第5~7天后,稀便,未見膿血便,狀態(tài)接近正常,但體重仍明顯減輕。
2.2 EGB 761對小鼠結(jié)腸組織病理學(xué)表現(xiàn)的影響
正常組小鼠結(jié)腸黏膜光滑,無水腫、充血等表現(xiàn);模型組結(jié)腸黏膜缺損,可見黏膜、黏膜下層大量炎癥細胞浸潤,隱窩增生;EGB 761組可見炎癥細胞浸潤少,炎癥程度較模型組明顯減輕。見圖1。
圖1 各組小鼠結(jié)腸黏膜組織病理學(xué)表現(xiàn)(HE染色,200×)
2.3 EGB 761對血清LPS、細菌移位率及FITC-D滲透率的影響
與模型組比較,正常組及EGB 761組血清中LPS的含量、結(jié)腸黏膜FITC-D滲透率、細菌移位率明顯降低(P<0.01)。見表1。
表1 各組小鼠腸黏膜通透性檢測結(jié)果比較(x±s)
2.4免疫組織化學(xué)染色法檢測Claudin-1、occludin蛋白定位分布
通過光鏡觀察正常組Claudin-1、occludin蛋白,陽性細胞主要呈棕黃色或褐色,分布于結(jié)腸組織上皮細胞的邊緣以及細胞膜的頂端,均勻連續(xù)分布;模型組的蛋白分布不均染色變淡,線條模糊,邊緣粗糙有刺狀突起;EGB 761組Claudin-1、occludin蛋白在結(jié)腸黏膜上皮層中分布均勻,線條清晰。見圖2~3。
圖2 各組小鼠結(jié)腸組織4Claudin-1蛋白的表達(免疫組織化學(xué)染色,200×)
圖3 各組小鼠結(jié)腸組織中occludin蛋白的表達(免疫組織化學(xué)染色,200×)
2.5免疫熒光染色檢測結(jié)腸黏膜occludin和Claudin-1蛋白的定位分布
在激光共聚焦的顯微鏡下看到的Claudin-1和occludin蛋白均呈紅色光亮,在正常組中Claudin-1、occludin蛋白染色可見紅色的亮光沿細胞的胞膜分布,呈強光,細胞的胞膜邊緣較光滑;在模型組中可見看到,紅色的光亮沿細胞胞膜散在分布,熒光強度減弱;EGB 761組熒光仍沿胞膜分布,強度較強于模型組。見圖4~5(封三)。
UC是一種病因不明的、高復(fù)發(fā)的腸道炎癥性疾病,研究顯示UC在各種微生物抗原刺激下,腸黏膜屏障通透性增高,使腸道致病菌群穿過黏膜屏障,激活體內(nèi)免疫系統(tǒng)被激活,各種炎癥細胞活化,腸黏膜組織產(chǎn)生炎性反應(yīng),而腸黏膜通透性,居于中心地位,可能是UC發(fā)病的始動因素,所以提高腸道黏膜屏障,降低其通透性可能為該病提供一個新思路。在正常的情況下,腸道有完整的黏膜屏障,可以阻止有毒物質(zhì)通過[13-16],UC發(fā)病時,腸黏膜屏障通透性增高[17-18]。
GBE 761廣泛用于治療呼吸系統(tǒng)、心腦血管系統(tǒng)等疾病,有調(diào)節(jié)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)、改善血液循環(huán)、保護組織等作用。GBE 761可通過抑制炎癥細胞因子的表達,如腫瘤壞死因子-α、NF-κBp65、白介素-6,從而對大鼠實驗性結(jié)腸炎具有保護作用,同時GBE 76灌腸也能抑制大鼠結(jié)腸炎的炎癥細胞因子的分泌,減輕腸道炎性反應(yīng),減少腸黏膜的損傷[19-20]。
實驗結(jié)果顯示,GBE 761干預(yù)有促進動物食欲效果導(dǎo)致動物體重迅速增加;減少腸道出血和炎癥細胞的浸潤,正常組FITC-D含量、細菌移位率及LPS的含量降低。GBE 761干預(yù)使緊密連接蛋白分布于細胞邊緣,沿細胞膜分布,加強了緊密連接,降低了黏膜的通透性;由此可見,GBE 761可降低腸黏膜通透性、降低腸道炎性反應(yīng),減輕腸黏膜病理反應(yīng),對UC的治療有一定作用。
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Effects of Gingko Biloba extract on the intestinal mucosal permeability in the colitis
ZHAO Hongwei1YUE Yuehong2KANG Wei3
1.Department of Gastroenterology,Hebei General Hospital,Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang050051,China;2.Department of Neurology,Hebei General Hospital,Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang050051,China;3.Department of Gastroenterology,Xinle Hospitel,Hebei Province,Xinle050700,China
R574
A
1674-4721(2016)09(a)-0008-04
2016-06-06本文編輯:任念)
河北省中醫(yī)藥管理局科研計劃項目(2016180)。
趙紅偉(1979-),女,博士,研究方向:消化病。