李 輝,陳 碧,鄒 輝,舒 玲,曹建國(guó),張堅(jiān)松
(1.郴州市第一人民醫(yī)院藥學(xué)部,郴州423000;2.湖南師范大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院,長(zhǎng)沙 410013)
蔓荊子總黃酮抑制肝細(xì)胞癌球形成與激活A(yù)MPK抑制AKT相關(guān)
李輝*1,陳碧*1,鄒輝2,舒玲2,曹建國(guó)2,張堅(jiān)松2
(1.郴州市第一人民醫(yī)院藥學(xué)部,郴州423000;2.湖南師范大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院,長(zhǎng)沙410013)
【摘要】目的:研究蔓荊子總黃酮(FVTF)抑制人肝細(xì)胞癌自我更新作用及其機(jī)制是否涉及AMPK/Akt信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)。方法:腫瘤球形成法測(cè)定FVTF對(duì)肝細(xì)胞癌SMMC-7721和MHCC97H細(xì)胞系球形成率的影響。Westernblot分析FVTF處理SMMC-7721細(xì)胞AMPK和Akt磷酸化水平。結(jié)果:FVTF顯著降低SMMC-7721和MHCC97H細(xì)胞系球形成率,呈濃度依賴性。不同濃度FVTF(1.0、2.0、4.0μg/mL)處理SMMC-7721細(xì)胞24h,AMPK磷酸化水平增高;Akt磷酸化水平下降。結(jié)論:FVTF抑制肝細(xì)胞癌自我更新作用與其激活A(yù)MPK抑制Akt活性相關(guān)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】蔓荊子總黃酮;肝細(xì)胞癌;自我更新;AMPK;Akt
1997年Bonnet等首次從急性髓系白血病患者骨髓中分離并證實(shí)腫瘤干細(xì)胞(cancerstemcells,CSCs)的存在以來(lái),越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明腫瘤中存在一小群具有干細(xì)胞特征的細(xì)胞,表現(xiàn)出自我更新、多向分化和高致瘤性的特性,是維持腫瘤發(fā)生、生長(zhǎng)和腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移、復(fù)發(fā)的根源[1,2]。蔓荊子為馬鞭草科植物單葉蔓荊VitextrifoliaL.v.ar1simplicifoliaCham.或蔓荊Vitextrifolia L.的干燥成熟果實(shí),是載入中國(guó)藥典的一種傳統(tǒng)中藥,具有消熱解表、利濕解毒、止咳祛痰、緩解支氣管痙攣等癥狀的作用[3]。蔓荊子總黃酮(FructusViticisTotal Flavonoids,F(xiàn)VTF)是自主創(chuàng)制的一種具有靶向抑制腫瘤干細(xì)胞作用的蔓荊子有效部位(國(guó)家發(fā)明專利號(hào):ZL201210591146.9)。本文的研究目的是檢測(cè)FVTF抑制人肝細(xì)胞癌自我更新作用并探討其機(jī)制是否涉及AMPK/Akt信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)。
1.1試劑和細(xì)胞系蔓荊子總黃酮(FVTF)根據(jù)專利說(shuō)明書(國(guó)家發(fā)明專利號(hào):ZL201210591146.9)從蔓荊子中提取和制備。FVTF的性狀為棕褐色粉末。FVTF按干燥品計(jì)算,總黃酮量以蘆丁計(jì)等于53%。高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)基、DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基、胎牛血清、0.25%胰蛋白酶(含EDTA)和磷酸緩沖液(PBS)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Hyclone公司??笰MPK、p-AMPK、Akt和p-Akt抗體均系美國(guó)Cell signaling公司產(chǎn)品。抗β-actin抗體來(lái)自美國(guó)Sigma Aldrich公司。人肝細(xì)胞癌SMMC-7721細(xì)胞系和MHCC97H細(xì)胞系分別購(gòu)自中國(guó)科學(xué)院細(xì)胞庫(kù)(中國(guó)上海市)和上海復(fù)祥生物科技有限公司(中國(guó)上海市)。細(xì)胞在含10%胎牛血清、100IU/mL青霉素G和100μg/mL鏈霉素的高葡萄糖DMEM細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基中,置37°C、飽和濕度的5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中單層貼壁生長(zhǎng)。
1.2球形成率測(cè)定按照先前文獻(xiàn)[4,5]描述的方法測(cè)定不同濃度FVTF(1.0、2.0、4.0μg/mL)處理48h的球形成率。
1.3Westernblot按照先前發(fā)表文獻(xiàn)[5]的方法進(jìn)行westernblot分析。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析各組實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)錄入Spss15.0for windowsevaluation軟件建立數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),數(shù)據(jù)用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(Mean±SD)表示。采用OneWayANOVA方差分析;首先進(jìn)行方差齊性檢驗(yàn),在方差齊性時(shí),多組均數(shù)比較采用LSD法;在方差不齊時(shí),多組均數(shù)間比較采用Tukey's檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05認(rèn)為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1FVTF對(duì)肝細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞自我更新能力的影響球形成率測(cè)定結(jié)果顯示,F(xiàn)VTF以濃度依賴方式降低人肝細(xì)胞癌SMMC-7721細(xì)胞(圖1A)和MHCC97H細(xì)胞(圖1B)的腫瘤球形成率(P<0.05)。
圖1 FVTF抑制肝細(xì)胞癌腫瘤球形成(Mean±SD,n=3)A:肝細(xì)胞癌SMMC-7721細(xì)胞;B:肝細(xì)胞癌MHCC97H細(xì)胞。與溶媒對(duì)照組比較,*P<0.05;與1.0 μg/mL FVTF處理組比較,#P<0.05。
2.2FVTF對(duì)肝細(xì)胞癌SMMC-7721細(xì)胞AMPK磷酸化的影響免疫印跡分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),F(xiàn)VTF增高人肝細(xì)胞癌SMMC-7721細(xì)胞AMPK蛋白磷酸化水平。
圖2 FVTF增高SMMC-7721細(xì)胞AMPK蛋白磷酸化水平
2.3FVTF對(duì)肝細(xì)胞癌SMMC-7721細(xì)胞Akt蛋白磷酸化水平的影響免疫印跡分析結(jié)果證明,F(xiàn)VTF降低人肝細(xì)胞癌SMMC-7721細(xì)胞Akt蛋白磷酸化水平。
圖3 FVTF降低SMMC-7721細(xì)胞Akt蛋白磷酸化水平
FVTF是我們創(chuàng)制的一種具有靶向抑制腫瘤干細(xì)胞作用的蔓荊子有效部位(國(guó)家發(fā)明專利號(hào):ZL201210591146.9)。為了驗(yàn)證FVTF是否具有抑制人肝細(xì)胞癌干細(xì)胞樣細(xì)胞特性作用,在本研究中,我們采用球形成率測(cè)定法檢測(cè)不同濃度FVTF(1.0、2.0、4.0μg/ mL)對(duì)人肝細(xì)胞癌SMMC-7721和MHCC97H細(xì)胞系細(xì)胞腫瘤球形成的影響。結(jié)果證實(shí):FVTF以濃度依賴方式降低上述兩種細(xì)胞系球形成率。從而說(shuō)明FVTF具有抑制體外培養(yǎng)肝細(xì)胞癌自我更新作用。
鑒于FVTF中的有效成分紫花牡荊素能通過(guò)促進(jìn)多種腫瘤細(xì)胞活性氧生成誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡[6-8],我們推測(cè)FVTF可能通過(guò)變動(dòng)肝細(xì)胞癌干細(xì)胞特有的有氧糖酵解代謝性質(zhì)發(fā)揮抑制肝細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞自我更新作用。最近的研究表明,靶向腫瘤細(xì)胞代謝是一種可供選擇的腫瘤治療方法。AMPK是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵性的能量傳感器,調(diào)控正常細(xì)胞和腫瘤細(xì)胞的新陳代謝[9,10]。據(jù)此,我們尋求檢測(cè)FVTF是否通過(guò)激活A(yù)MPK抑制肝細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞自我更新作用。本文的Westernblot分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),F(xiàn)VTF能有效增高AMPK蛋白磷酸化水平。這些結(jié)果建議FVTF抑制體外培養(yǎng)肝細(xì)胞癌腫瘤球形成至少部分是由于其增強(qiáng)AMPK活性所致。
有研究報(bào)道AMPK是調(diào)節(jié)二甲雙胍抗腫瘤作用的關(guān)鍵分子,并認(rèn)為AMPK介導(dǎo)抑制Akt起關(guān)鍵作用[11,12]。在本研究中,我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果還證實(shí),不同濃度FVTF(1.0、2.0、4.0μg/mL)處理,在增高AMPK蛋白磷酸化水平的同時(shí),伴隨著Akt蛋白磷酸化水平的逐漸下降。這些結(jié)果首次表明AMPK/Akt信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)級(jí)聯(lián)在FVTF抑制肝細(xì)胞癌球形成中的作用?,F(xiàn)在仍不明確AMPK/Akt信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)級(jí)聯(lián)是否僅在FVTF抗肝細(xì)胞癌或肝癌干細(xì)胞中起作用,要明確這一點(diǎn)需要進(jìn)一步研究,并描述該信號(hào)級(jí)聯(lián)在其他人腫瘤干樣細(xì)胞和非干樣細(xì)胞中是否起作用。
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【中圖分類號(hào)】R734.2
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
【文章編號(hào)】1673-016X(2016)03-0005-03
收稿日期:2016-01-10
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)青年基金項(xiàng)目(No.30760248);湖南省科技廳社發(fā)領(lǐng)域科技重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(2015SK2066);郴州市科技局科學(xué)技術(shù)研究計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(No.cz2015007)
通訊作者:張堅(jiān)松,E-mail:jwc_zjs@126.com
Inhibition of sphere-forming rate of hepatocellular carcinoma cellsby FructusViticis Total Flavonoids is associated with activation of AMPK and suppression of Akt
Li Hui1, Chen Bi1, Zou Hui2, Shu Ling2, Cao Jian-guo2, Zhang Jian-song2
(1. Department of pharmacy, The First People Hospital of Chenzhou, Changsha 432000, China;2. Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China)
[Abstract]Objective To investigate FructusViticis Total Flavonoids(FVTF) inhibits self-renewal capability of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the mechanism by which is involved in regulation of AMPK/Akt signaling. Methods Tumorsphere formation assay was used to determine the effects of FVTF on sphere forming rate of hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 and MHCC97H cell lines. Western blot was emploied to analyze the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and Akt proteins of SMMC-7721 cells treated with FVTF. Results FVTF significantly lowered the sphere forming rates of SMMC-7721 and MHCC97H cell lines, in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with various concentrations of FVTF(1.0、2.0 、4.0 μg/mL) for 24 h, the phosphorylation level of AMPK was elevated and the phosphorylation level of Akt was reduced in SMMC-7721 cells. Conclusion FVTF inhibits self-renewal capability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells is associated with activation of AMPK and suppression of Akt.
[Key words]fructus viticis total flavonoids; hepatocellular carcinoma; self-renewal; AMPK; Akt