一般過去時(shí)態(tài)之我見

趙鳳敏

學(xué)習(xí)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)先要復(fù)習(xí)動詞的過去式，動詞過去式通過重溫過去的事情/件展開，然后總結(jié)動詞過去式的特點(diǎn)。本次我們通過過去的事件南京大屠殺來重溫動詞過去式，首先展示追悼遇難者Never forget?。D片，then，students answer question：what happened on Dec.13th ，1937？學(xué)生回答后引入Nanjing Massacre！，領(lǐng)讀Nanjing Massacre，then explain，On Dec.13th 1937， Japanese army killed 300，000 Chinese.邊講述邊展示圖片They burned our Chinese.They throwed our Chinese into the river.They practiced their skills by killing Chinese.They buried Chinese who are still alive.Mother cried because their children died.Japanese planned to kill as many Chinese as possible.They robbed our treasure.They cut down their heads and took photos.Our Chinese were hungry because they had no food.Children went to street to beg.最后總結(jié)This is Nanjing Massacre.展示圖片We will never forget “Nanjing Massacre”。

復(fù)習(xí)動詞過去式的規(guī)律特點(diǎn)

（一）On Dec.13th 1937， Japanese army killed 300，000 Chinese；They burned our Chinese；They throwed our Chinese into the river.特點(diǎn)直接加ed.

（二）They practiced their skills by killing Chinese.特點(diǎn)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾，直接加d。

（三）They buried Chinese who are still alive；Mother cried because their children died.特點(diǎn)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i加ed.

（四）Japanese planned to kill as many Chinese as possible.They robbed our treasure.特點(diǎn)重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫末尾字母加ed.

（五）They cut down their heads and took photos；Our Chinese were hungry because they had no food；Children went to street to beg.特點(diǎn)不規(guī)則變化。

復(fù)習(xí)完動詞過去式特點(diǎn)，接下來講授語法一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。是表示過去經(jīng)?；蚺既话l(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài).用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。

一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的知識結(jié)構(gòu)從三個(gè)方面來講：構(gòu)成、用法、常用時(shí)間。

（一）構(gòu)成：一般過去時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)語境由動詞的過去式構(gòu)成。

（二）用法：1.表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；2.表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。

（三）常用時(shí)間：yesterday；last night；in 1990；two days ago等。

下面結(jié)合時(shí)代特征對一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和動詞過去式練習(xí)。

2.Practice （ pay attention to the darker words.）

1. On Sept 3rd， 2015， We China （hold） a parade marking the “Victory Day of Chinese peoples war of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.”

2. It（be） sunny. Many people （arrive） at Tiananmen Square early. We（invite）many foreign leaders，too.

3. They（wait） some time for the parade. When Chairman Xi（start） giving a speech， we（be） all very excited.

Step3. 一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的“三變化”

（觀察）1.He wasn't at home yesterday.

2.Did you show her around your school at that time？

3.What did you do last weekend？

（發(fā)現(xiàn)）一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň浠蛞蓡柧鋾r(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下三種變化：

一變―肯定句變否定句：

1.句中有系動詞（was，were），情態(tài)動詞（could，must，should）或助動詞（would，have）等時(shí)，只需要在它的后面加上否定詞not.

2.句中出現(xiàn)feel，seem，look等另類系動詞或?qū)嵙x動詞時(shí)，需要在該動詞之前加上didn't，該動詞還需要還原為動詞原形。

二變―可定句變一般疑問句：

1.句中有系動詞（was，were），情態(tài)動詞（could，should）或助動詞（would，had）等時(shí)，只需要將該詞提前至句首并大寫首字母。

2.句中出現(xiàn)feel，seem，look等另類系動詞或?qū)嵙x動詞時(shí)，需要將助動詞Did放在句首，該動詞還需要還原為動詞原形。

三變―可定句變特殊疑問句：

此時(shí)，只需要在二變的基礎(chǔ)上，在一般疑問句的句首加上相應(yīng)的特殊疑問詞即可。即應(yīng)采用以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.疑問詞+系動詞（was/were）+主語+其他？

2.疑問詞+情態(tài)動詞（could/should）/助動詞（would/had/did）+主語+動詞原形+其他？

（應(yīng)用）根據(jù)要求完成句子。

1.I stayed there for 3 days.（變?yōu)榉穸ň洌?/p>

I there for 3 days.

2.He bought something special yesterday.（變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洌?/p>

he special yesterday？

3.Mary could swim when she was four years old.（變?yōu)榉穸ň洌?/p>

Mary when she was four year old.

Step4.Summary

1.總結(jié)動詞過去式特點(diǎn)及一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的三變化.

2.Remember our mission！

Remember our happy life is from the hard work of our pioneer. We must remember the national shame that happened in 1937， remember that the Japanese army had killed more than 300，000 people in Nanjing at that time！

But just remembering these is not enough， we must put something into practice. We need to know that the young is the future of the country. If the young are weak， disabled ，the country will be over. Like Liang Qichao said：“If the young are rich， so will be the coutry； If the young are strong， so will be the country！” Because of this， we must build a great and beautiful dream， and then study hard， learn a lot to improve ourselves at every second！

Remember our mission！