英語閱讀“七選五”與課文語篇教學淺探

丁凝

廣東新高考英語閱讀“七選五”主要考查的是學生的篇章能力，具體考查學生對文章的理解能力、語境領(lǐng)悟能力，對前后文句意的掌握水平，對整個語篇或語段的連貫性、一致性和邏輯關(guān)系的理解能力。而這些能力的考查又是和課文語篇教學的內(nèi)容相吻合的。這就要求老師們在平時的教學過程中，應(yīng)把語篇教學方法納入閱讀課文的教學中來。

一、改革閱讀課課文講授方法，改編課本教材練習

很多老師包括筆者自己，這兩年在教閱讀課時，仍然采用pre-reading， while-reading， post-reading公式化的三階段閱讀教學模式。這種方法嚴重割裂了文章的段落與段落、句子與句子之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，也使語篇中的重要詞匯、語言等無法圍繞主線、有機串聯(lián)。筆者針對第二課時課文閱讀教學的講授做了大膽改造和創(chuàng)新，以人教版高中新課標必修3 Unit 1“Festivals around the world”為例。

Step 1 Leading-in

（1）Help the students learn about festivals and their cultures.

（2）Help the students learn about peoples feelings， opinions and wishes.

Step 2 Skimming

Skim the reading passage and fill in the chart on P3.

（1）Scanning

T： Open your books and turn to page one. Id like you to do the scanning. Read the text quickly and accurately to get the main idea and answer the 5 questions on Page3.

（2）Intensive reading

（3）Reading and discussion

T： Read the text a third time and then work in pairs to do Exercise 3&4 on Page 3.

Step 3 Explanation

T： Now I will discuss some important sentences and phrases in the passage.

a. Some festivals are held to honor the dead or satisfy the ancestors， who might return either to help or to do harm.

b. In memory of

c. India has a national festival on October 2 to honor Mahatma Gandhi， the leader who helped gain Indias independence from Britain.

d. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over .

e. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.

f. The country， covered with cherry flowers， looks as though it is covered with pink snow.

Step 4 Reading exercise

請不要看書，根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，從文后選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather， planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find， especially during the cold winter months.

1 .

Festivals of the dead

Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors， who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon， people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico， people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. 2 .They offer food， flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. 3 .If the neighbours do not give any sweets， the children might play a trick on them.

Festivals to Honour People

Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet， Qu Yuan. In the USA， Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi， the leader who helped gain Indias independence from Britain.

Harvest Festivals

Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. 4 . Some people might win awards for their farm produce， like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes.

Spring Festivals

The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China， people eat dumplings， fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. 5 . Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals， which take place forty days before Easter， usually in February. These carnivals might include parades， dancing in the streets day and night， loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japans Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country， covered with cherry tree flowers， looks as though it is covered with pink snow.

People love to get together to eat， drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life， be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.

A. It is now a childrens festival， when they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets.

B. The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by the Chinese people all over

the world.

C. Todays festivals have many origins， some religious， some seasonal， and some for special people or events.

D. In European countries， people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit， and will get together to have meals.

E. There are dragon dances and carnivals， and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together.

F. There is a special food for the festival. It is called zongzi.

G. On this important feast day， people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with“bones”on them.

Answers： 1.→C 2.→G 3.→A 4.→D 5.→E

二、加強必要的閱讀技巧和方法的指導

結(jié)合2011年全國高考題英語（課標卷）原題和閱讀理解的解題技巧，可歸納出廣東新高考英語閱讀“七選五”的一些具體解題方法。

Money Matters

Parents should help their children understand money. 1 So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things， candy or toys， for example.

1. The basic function of money

Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy， give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier（收銀員）. 2 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money， you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.

2. Money lessons

Approach money lessons with openness and honey. 3 If you must say no to a childs request to spend money， explain， “You have enough toy trucks for now.”O(jiān)r， if the request is for many different things， say， “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”

3. 4

Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product—a name-brands butter and a generic（無商標產(chǎn)品），for example. You can show your child how to make choice between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 5 If he chooses the cheaper brand， allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later， you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.

A. Wise decision

B. The value of money

C. Permit the child to choose between them.

D. Tell your child why he can—or cannot—have certain things.

E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.

F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.

G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.

Answers： 1.→G 2.→F 3.→D 4.→A 5.→C

具體技巧有：

略讀概括主旨、理清脈絡(luò)、體會段落之間內(nèi)在聯(lián)系?？焖贋g覽文章的標題和各個小標題，以及首尾段和每段首尾句，抓住文章和各段的大意；同時把握作者思路，梳理文脈，摸清結(jié)構(gòu)。此法專門針對閱讀“七選五”中的主旨大意題目。

讀懂前后句。在做題時最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項中選出正確答案。如本卷的第3、5小題。

尋找線索詞。詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn)是語義銜接的重要手段，因此，在空白前后句中與選項中尋找原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，是答題的好方法。這種方法在不能完全讀懂句子意思的情況下，特別管用。如本卷的第1小題。

留意關(guān)聯(lián)詞。這些詞主要有表示并列或遞進關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折或讓步關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，表示時間或因果關(guān)系的詞，表示例證關(guān)系的詞，表示順序的first， second， finally等詞。如本卷的第2小題。

選擇小標題。如果是要求選擇小標題，可以根據(jù)另外標題的特征來判斷本標題的特征，如其他標題是名詞，就選名詞，其他標題是祈使句，就選祈使句，這樣可以大大縮小選擇范圍，做好主旨歸納。如本卷的第4小題。

責任編輯 魏文琦