書面表達(dá)是考察學(xué)生英語綜合能力的一種題型,它要求考生根據(jù)所給情境,用英語寫一篇不少于100詞的短文。情境包括目的、對象、 時間、地點、內(nèi)容等;情境提供方式為圖畫、圖表、提綱等。短文要求文體規(guī)范、語句通順、意義連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這篇簡潔的英語小短文 是基礎(chǔ)知識的運用和升華。只要掌握基礎(chǔ)點,書面表達(dá)便可以做倒句型結(jié)構(gòu)和語言表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性,而基礎(chǔ)知識的應(yīng)用,是容易指導(dǎo)與學(xué)習(xí)到位的。另一方面,英語試卷的書面表達(dá)分五檔分?jǐn)?shù),不同質(zhì)量的短文,得分檔次差距很大,參差不齊。所以,提高書面表達(dá)的能力與技巧是沖刺高考的關(guān)鍵。
對于書面表達(dá)的專題訓(xùn)練,我們必須做到常抓不懈,給予高度重視。練習(xí)中要涉及到不同的話題及體裁。在寫作之前,給學(xué)生進(jìn)行一些指導(dǎo),并給學(xué)生呈現(xiàn)此類文章的模板,讓學(xué)生熟記并達(dá)到背誦,再集中時間進(jìn)行寫作訓(xùn)練。集中訓(xùn)練后,再給學(xué)生布置2篇同類體裁或話題的作文,加以鞏固,達(dá)到熟能生巧。
1、下面以一篇文章為例來說明具體的操作方法
隨著社會的發(fā)展,電視在我們的生活、工作和學(xué)習(xí)過程中起著越來越重要的作用。對此學(xué)校開展了題為“Views on watching TV”的討論。請你根據(jù)下表中的提示,客觀介紹討論情況,并簡單陳述你的看法。開頭已給出。
Recently, we students had a discussion about “Views on watching TV”.
題目分析: 議論文,題目首先交代話題背景,列出喜歡和不喜歡兩種觀點,并各列舉3條理由,最后需要簡單陳述個人看法。文章可以按這個結(jié)構(gòu)分為4部分,也可以分為3部分,將介紹討論結(jié)果部分作為詳寫。
2、呈現(xiàn)寫作模板,熟記并背誦
Recently, we had a discussion about _________ (主題). There are two opposite opinions about it. Those who favor the idea think/ some people hold their view for the reasons/ some agree to the point that ______(支持的理由一) . what’s more, __________ (理由二). Moreover, __________ (理由三).
On the other hand, the majority of people believe that / those who are against the idea think / others prefer to do … Firstly,__________(理由一).Secondly (Besides ), __________ (理由二). Thirdly, ______ (理由三).
Personally /From my point of view/I think ________ (我的觀點). The reason is that __________ (原因).
3、可能用到的連接詞語
1)表起始的連接成分有 first of all, to begin with, in my opinion, according to, as far as ,as you know等。
2).表遞進(jìn)的連接成分有besides, what’s more , moreover, what’s worse= to make things worse=worse still, further more, in addition to, still, 等。
3) 表并列的連接成分有also, as well as ,or, either…or, neither…nor, not only… but also, and, and then, both…and等。
4).表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊倪B接成分有 but, yet, however, while, otherwise, on the other hand, on the contrary, in spite of, after all, in fact, as a matter of fact等。
5) 表示因果的連接成分有so, thus, therefore, for, since, now that, suppose, thanks to, as a result of 等。
6)表示條件的連接成分有if, as/so long as, on condition that, provide that, unless, incase, in this case
7)表示讓步的連接成分有as, even if/though, although, though, while, no matter, whether…or 等。
8)表示總結(jié)的連接成分有:in short, in a word, in conclusion, in general, in brief, generally speaking, on the whole, in all等。
4、獨立完成,認(rèn)真批改
要求學(xué)生在20-25分鐘內(nèi)獨立完成寫作任務(wù),學(xué)生使用統(tǒng)一的書寫紙,要求書寫規(guī)范并及時上交。之后由教師進(jìn)行批改,并集中歸納共性錯誤、較復(fù)雜句型的表達(dá),并選擇一篇優(yōu)秀作文作為講評課素材。
5、課上講評
1).呈現(xiàn)共性錯誤,共同修改
將學(xué)生作文中的典型錯誤呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生,讓學(xué)生反思自己習(xí)作中的錯誤并加以修改:
Someone thinks that …—— some think that ——
The reasons as follows —— the reasons are as follows
However, others against it.——others are against it
2)展示學(xué)生習(xí)作亮點,體會高級句式的使用
In a word, TV programs have both advantages and disadvantages. So long as we make full use of it, we can enjoy the pleasure of watching TV.
3)欣賞佳作
Recently students of our school had a discussion about “Views on watching TV”.
75% of the people enjoy watching TV because it can not only offer a wide variety of information, but also vivid/ beautiful/ live pictures to help us have a better understanding of the world on all sides. In addition, many educational programs make it easy for people of different levels to learn more on all subjects. So all of can benefit from watching TV.
However, 25% of the people think there are so many advertisements on TV, which waste people lots of time. Besides, some teenagers are addicted to some programs which have bad effect on them.
In my opinion, TV has played an important role in modern life. Only when we make full use of all kinds of TV programs can we have a colorful/ better life.欣賞佳作之后,要求學(xué)生討論文章并找出文章亮點,使學(xué)生有所收獲。
6、針對性作業(yè)
選擇2篇此類文章,讓學(xué)生對此類文章結(jié)構(gòu)加以熟悉鞏固。提醒學(xué)生注意模板和較復(fù)雜句型的正確使用。此處選取一例:
近年來,禽流感頻發(fā),一些國家在疫區(qū)捕殺所有鳥類。對此,你班開展了主題班會,討論結(jié)果如下:
注意:1.參考詞匯:禽流感 bird flu;家禽poultry;病毒virus;疫苗vaccine在此環(huán)節(jié),批改方式也要多樣化,如自評、互評和教師評,充分調(diào)動了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性,也培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生互幫互助的合作精神。
最后,為了提高學(xué)生規(guī)范表達(dá)的習(xí)慣,要求學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備一本子,把平時的習(xí)作、優(yōu)美的范文、寫作常用的詞匯、句型和過渡語,閱讀當(dāng)中遇到的優(yōu)美表達(dá)集中起來,加以整合和歸類并把它們當(dāng)做日常學(xué)習(xí)中朗讀、背誦、抄寫、復(fù)習(xí)、仿寫、欣賞的素材,從而逐步提高自己的書面表達(dá)水平。
總之,書面表達(dá)隨著近幾年高考評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的提高,對學(xué)生的表達(dá)能力提出了更新更高的要求。若平時注重訓(xùn)練中存在的問題,不斷改進(jìn)教法與學(xué)法,學(xué)生一定能寫出出色的妙語佳篇來。