守爾慈主持修建重慶第一條鐵路的丹麥人

□ 文/本刊記者 李靜 圖/丹麥駐重慶總領事館提供

守爾慈主持修建重慶第一條鐵路的丹麥人

□ 文/本刊記者 李靜 圖/丹麥駐重慶總領事館提供

而這個人，是重慶第一條鐵路的設計者，被譽為“重慶詹天佑”，他的名字叫守爾慈，是地地道道的丹麥人，被譽為“在重慶的第一位丹麥人”。

守爾慈和北川鐵路改變了重慶

說起重慶的第一條鐵路，不少人的第一反應是成渝鐵路。其實，成渝鐵路只是新中國成立后建成的第一條鐵路。1934年建成通車的北川鐵路，才是重慶歷史上第一條鐵路。更讓人想不到的是：主持修建北川鐵路的工程師，竟是來自遙遠的北歐丹麥。

1928年，中國航運業(yè)先驅盧作孚要修建一條鐵路來運輸天府煤礦的煤炭。當時重慶沒有鐵路，單靠中國工程師也無法完成精確的勘查、設計。最終，盧作孚在上海找到了原膠濟鐵路總工程師守爾慈，當年已63歲高齡的他帶著日本妻子一起來到了重慶，親自出任北川鐵路總工程師。

守爾慈在渝事跡展

這條鐵路全長16.5公里，起點站位于四川天府煤礦，終點站位于重慶嘉陵江邊的白廟子水碼頭。據(jù)了解，北川鐵路分為三期建設，按照建成一段通車一段的原則進行施工。項目于1928年11月破土動工，到1929年，北川鐵路一期工程水嵐埡至土地埡段8.7公里的鐵路建成，并購置了兩臺26千瓦蒸汽機車，11月正式通車營運。

1930年秋，開工二期工程，鐵路向兩頭延伸修建，到1931年5月，修成從白廟子碼頭至大田坎的北川鐵路，后來施工方又分別購置81千瓦和55千瓦蒸汽機車各一臺，全線貫通并投入營運。

1933年6月，第三期工程開工，著手修建重力絞車下煤軌道等配套設施，購置55千瓦蒸汽機車一臺及自動卸煤車20輛。到1934年3月31日，整個北川鐵路工程完工。工程總投資75萬元，形成了完整的運輸系統(tǒng)，日運煤量可達千余噸。在抗戰(zhàn)期間，這條鐵路供應了重慶近一半的用煤量。

“川渝兩地多山地，這條鐵路修建的難度較大?！北R作孚的后人盧曉鐘先生說，最令人震撼的是，由于缺少機械設備，開山辟石全靠人工，當時筑路工就有近千人。雖然困難程度令人難以想象，最終在各方的努力下，戴家溝至大田坎全長4.1公里段建成通車。自此，南起嘉陵江北岸的白廟子，北止大田坎，全長16.8公里的北川鐵路實現(xiàn)了全線通車，重慶有了第一條鐵路。除了運煤，線路也供沿線居民乘坐。

傳承重慶和丹麥的世紀友誼

北川鐵路建成后，守爾慈還參與了北碚老城區(qū)的規(guī)劃工作，以及對北碚農村城鎮(zhèn)模式的布局和古代四川都江堰灌溉系統(tǒng)的科學測量等。完成這些艱苦的工作后，守爾慈最終全家定居在了四川。

NT-proBNP與BNP同屬于鈉尿肽家族，是心肌細胞受牽拉后心室反應性分泌的一種神經(jīng)激素。兩者均來自腦利鈉肽前體，釋放入血后具有拮抗腎素-醛固酮-血管緊張素系統(tǒng)、利尿利鈉、調節(jié)體內電解質酸堿平衡及抑制交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)等多種生物學作用[8-9]。此外，有研究[10-11]提示NT-proBNP較BNP性質更加穩(wěn)定，具有半衰期長、特異性強、敏感性高、不受運動和體位影響等特點，在心力衰竭的診斷、鑒別診斷和預后分析等方面具有更顯著的優(yōu)勢。

1943年，為了躲避日軍空襲，78歲的守爾慈坐上了前往豐都的輪船。航行途中，因心臟病發(fā)作，守爾慈在豐都去世。但令人扼腕的是，事后人們雖然找到了當時由豐都地方醫(yī)院院長開具的死亡證明，但至今仍無法確定守爾慈具體的埋葬地點。

回顧歷史，我們不得不對這位為重慶發(fā)展作出巨大貢獻的丹麥人肅然起敬。此次事跡展，用多幅圖片和傳記來展示守爾慈在重慶的生活，許多照片都是首次向公眾展出。他們真實地再現(xiàn)了上世紀30年代的重慶，以及守爾慈在重慶的生活點滴。所有展品均由丹麥Hejls-Hejsminde歷史檔案館以及民生實業(yè)集團有限公司提供。

開幕儀式當天，守爾慈的曾表侄Jens Schott Knudsen以及民生實業(yè)集團有限公司總裁、盧作孚先生的后人盧曉鐘也來到現(xiàn)場，共同分享了他們的故事。而守爾慈的孫女，Ingrid Sundy Wang女士也特地從菲律賓馬尼拉來到重慶參加此次活動，實現(xiàn)了中丹跨三代后的再次握手。

兩個國家，一座城市。盧作孚先生和守爾慈先生的合作，為重慶的建設以及丹麥重慶兩地的交流合作做出了卓越的貢獻，也見證了重慶和丹麥的世紀友誼。

On November 1， 2015， in Baixiang Street，Yuzhong district， on the occasion of 65th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relationship of Sino-Denmark and 10 years anniversary of the establishment of the Danish Consulate General in Chongqing， the “Exhibition of Shultz Story in Chongqing" was held for free in public for a month in Chongqing. The Picturesbiography presents a story of a foreign engineer who used to work and live in Chongqing.

And this man， who happens to be the designer of the first railway in Chongqing， known as the“Zhan Tianyou of Chongqing "， his name is Jesper J. Shultz， who is also known as "the f rst Danish in Chongqing".

Shultz and Beichuan Railway that Change Chongqing

Speak of the first railway in Chongqing， the Chengdu-Chongqing railway came up to many people's mind.In fact， it was the first railway that was built after the founding of new China. In 1934 the Beichuan railway was the first railway in Chongqing's history. What's more surprising，the engineer who built Beichuan railway was from Denmark.

In 1928， the pioneer of Chinese shipping industry，Mr. Lu Zuofu was going to build a railway to transport Tianfu coal mines. There was no railway in Chongqing then， not by the Chinese engineers. Eventually， Lu Zuofu had found the Chief Engineer of original Jiaoji railway in Shanghai， who was 63 years old； he came to Chongqing with his Japanese wife， and personally served as the chief engineer of Beichuan railway.

The railway was 16.5-kilometre long， starting at Tianfu coal mine in Sichuan Province； the Terminal is located in Baimiaozi pier of the Jialing River in Chongqing. It is understood that Beichuan railway was divided into three stages project， it was built according to the principle of opening one by one. The project started in November， 1928， and the f rst stage project， the 8.7-km railway from Shuilanya to Tudiya was done， with the purchase of two 26-kilowatt steam locomotive， had off cially startedoperation in November， 1929.

In fall of 1930， the second phase of the project had started.In June of 1933， the third phase of the project started， focused on building gravity winch of coal tracks and other facilities， purchase of 55-kilowatt steam locomotives and 20 automatic unloading trucks. On March 31， 1934， the whole Beichuan railway project was accomplished. It cost a total investment of 750，000 Yuan， which had formed a complete transport system with thousands tons of daily coal transport capacity. During the war，this railway had supplied nearly half of the amount of coal used in Chongqing.

"Sichuan and Chongqing are very mountainous， the railway construction was more difficult than we thought.” said by Lu Zuofu's posterity， Mr. Lu Xiaozhong， the most shocking thing was that due to the lack of machinery and equipments， mountains was all by hands， there were thousands of people building the road. Difficulties were unimaginable. Besides carrying coalmines， the f rst railway in Chongqing was also provided ride for residents.

lnheritance of Century Friendship Between Chongqing and Denmark

After Beichuan railway was completed， Jesper J. Shultz also participated in the planning work of Beibei District， as well as the layout of rural urbanization of Beibei and scientif c measurements of the ancient Dujiangyan irrigation system. After completing the hard work， Shultz and his family eventually settled in Sichuan.

In 1943， in order to avoid Japanese air raids，the 78 year old Shultz got on the ship to Fengdu. Unfortunately he died from a heart attack on his way to Fengdu. But it is lamentable that after people found the death certif cate issued by the director of local hospital in Fengdu County， they still couldn't conf rm the burial site

In retrospect， we have to respect this Danish friend who had made such a great contribution for the development of Chongqing. The Exhibition showed Shultz's life in Chongqing by these picture and biography， many of which are showing to the public for the first time. They truly reproduced Chongqing back in the 30's of the last century， and his life in Chongqing. All exhibits were provided by Denmark Hejls-Hejsminde historical archives， as well as Minsheng shipping company.

On the day of the opening ceremony， Shultz's great great grand nephew， Mr.Jens Schott Knudsen and the President of Minsheng industry group， Lu zuofu's descendant， Mr. Lu Xiaozhong also showed up at the ceremony， and shared their stories. Shultz's granddaughter， Mrs. Ingrid Sundy Wang also came to Chongqing from Manila， Philippines to attend this event， which has realized the dream of shaking hands across three generations again.

Two countries， one city. The cooperation between Mr. Lu Zuofu and Mr. Shultz has made outstanding contributions to Chongqing's construction， exchanges and cooperation between the two places， which has also witnessed the century friendship between Chongqing and Denmark.

Jesper J. Shultz A Danish Man Who Presides Over the Construction of the First Railway in Chongqing

□ Written by Li Jing