孟祥林
摘 要:京津冀一體化是多年來學(xué)界討論的話題,專家們都在為京津冀的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展進言獻策,在區(qū)劃融合、產(chǎn)業(yè)對接、空間演化、擴大合作、存在問題等很多方面提出了觀點。京津冀在歷史上屬于同一行政區(qū)劃,新中國成立以后,天津和北京先后獨立為直轄市,自此京津與河北省在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展狀況上就逐漸出現(xiàn)了較大的發(fā)展差距,環(huán)京津區(qū)域出現(xiàn)了一個“環(huán)京津貧困帶”。在快速城市化進程中,京津與河北省都看到了京津冀一體化發(fā)展的重要性,京津冀一體化開始從理論走向?qū)嵺`。京津周邊的保定、唐山、承德和張家口也都提出了“對接京津”的發(fā)展思路。由于河北省在南北方向呈長條狀,所以在一體化進程中需要采取“分步走”的發(fā)展措施,通過以點帶面、由小到大逐步發(fā)展的方式,推動全面一體化進程。
關(guān)鍵詞:京津冀一體化;環(huán)京津貧困帶;雙三角;軟區(qū)劃;發(fā)展對策
Abstract:Integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(IBTH) region is academic discussion topic for years, experts put forward advices on the aspect of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic development, many aspects concerning districts fusion, industry docking, space evolution, cooperation expansion, problems existence in views are put forward. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei belongs to the same administrative divisions in history, after the founding of new China, Tianjin and Beijing successively are independent for municipalities directly under the central government, since then, the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province in the economic development gradually appeared larger development gap, “Poverty belt circling Beijing-Tianjin” appears gradually in the region round Beijing-Tianjin. In the process of rapid urbanization, the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province saw the importance of the development of integration, IBTH is starting from theory to practice. Baoding, Tangshan, Zhangjiakou and Chengde, all the region around Beijing and Tianjin, constructed "the Beijing and Tianjin docking" development thought. Because of Hebei province in the north and south direction appears as long strips, so in the process of integration needs to adopt the “step-by-step” development measures, from point to surface, from small to large, in this way, comprehensive integration will be realized.
Key words: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration;poverty belt circling Beijing-Tianjin;double triangles;soft districts;development countermeasures
中圖分類號:C912 文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1674-4144(2014)-05-04(8)
改革開放以后,區(qū)域經(jīng)濟逐漸成為了一門學(xué)科,人們開始從綜合的角度對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展問題進行探索。京津冀、滬寧杭和珠三角是備受關(guān)注的三個區(qū)域。京津冀依托京津兩個大城市,與河北省范圍內(nèi)的保定、唐山、廊坊、承德、張家口、石家莊、秦皇島等很多中等城市一起,構(gòu)成京津冀城市群,這些城市在空間上相互依托,以北京、唐山、保定和唐山等城市在京津冀地區(qū)形成“雙核+雙子”的發(fā)展局面,在環(huán)渤海地區(qū)形成“大都市—中等城市—小城市”的多層次城市體系。在城市化進程中,由于京津冀城市群依托京津兩個直轄市,所以備受學(xué)者關(guān)注。人們在對京津冀的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然京津冀的整體實力在提高,但京津與河北省之間存在著較大的發(fā)展落差。從世界大都市與其腹地的發(fā)展關(guān)系看,發(fā)達的京津與其周邊的“環(huán)京津貧困帶”同時存在的局面,讓很多學(xué)者感到很迷惑,因為這種發(fā)展格局不符合區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的一般規(guī)則。在歷史上京津冀本來屬于同一個行政區(qū)劃,省政府所在地設(shè)在保定。在北京和天津從中獨立為直轄市后,河北省的行政區(qū)劃就出現(xiàn)了“省中有省”的局面,從行政區(qū)劃上看,河北省從一個“握緊的拳頭”演變成為了“空心拳頭”。河北省的發(fā)展受到了影響?!笆≈杏惺 钡木置?,讓專家學(xué)者考慮,只有將京津冀作為一個整體考慮,才能夠?qū)⒑颖笔〉馁Y源優(yōu)勢與京津的大都市影響力整合在一起,激發(fā)京津冀的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展效率。京津冀區(qū)域迫切需要突破現(xiàn)有行政區(qū)劃的阻隔,在現(xiàn)有行政區(qū)劃的基礎(chǔ)上通過“軟區(qū)劃”的方式,在京津冀地區(qū)實現(xiàn)政策對接,而行政層面對話不是一個純粹的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟理論問題,“軟區(qū)劃”是京津冀經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的平臺,只有這個平臺建立起來后,專家學(xué)者才能夠進一步討論京津冀區(qū)域整合的問題,京津冀逐漸成為人們關(guān)注的熱點話題,此間人們也提出了很多富有見地的發(fā)展思路。