王選玲
英語中大多數(shù)介詞后面接的都是名詞和動詞的ing形式,而with這個介詞比較特殊,其后還可接動名詞之外的結(jié)構(gòu)。我們一起看一下With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。所謂with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),就是with后面接名詞或者代詞做賓語,再加上形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或者過去分詞在句中做狀語。①With the door open, he went out.②With the light on.I fell asleep.③With a book in his hand,the teacher came in.④With a lot of work to do, I had to stay up.⑤With the work finished,I can sleep now.⑥With him helping me. I passed the exam.
那么,復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中不同的動詞形式有什么區(qū)別呢?動詞不定式包括兩種to do和to be done。兩者表示的都是將要發(fā)生的動作,區(qū)別在于:用to do形式動作的發(fā)出者在句中能找到,而to be done形式的動作的發(fā)出者在句中找不到。例如:With an exam to take, I have to prepare. With an exam to be held, I have to prepare.兩個句子的共同點(diǎn)在于考試這件事還沒發(fā)生,因此確定用to do或者to be done形式。區(qū)別不在于不定式和exam是主動還是被動關(guān)系,而是看take和hold的動作發(fā)出者能否在句中找到。第一個例子I我能發(fā)出take an exam參加考試這個動作。第二例子中hold an exam舉行考試這個動作的發(fā)出者在整個句中找不到,因此用to be done形式。現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示分詞和其前面的名詞構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,并且動作正進(jìn)行或者發(fā)生過。例如:With LiLei leading the way, I found the station easily.
過去分詞表示賓語補(bǔ)足語和賓語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。例如:With his work finished, he went swimming.要熟練掌握“With”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),關(guān)鍵是多練。以下是幾道練習(xí)題。
①John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work( ), he gladly accepted it. A.finished、B.finishing、C.having finished、D.was finished
②I couldnt do my homework with all that noise( ).A.going on、B.goes on、 C.went on、D.to go on
③( )our food ( ), we had to walk to a village for help. A.Since,runs out;B.Because,run out;C.With,running out;D.For,running out
④With a lot of work( ), I couldnt go to see the doctor. A.to do、B.doing、C.done、D.has done
答案:A、A、C、A.
(遼寧省普蘭店三十八中學(xué))