Franz Strasser
“Its a 14 minute walk to the train station”,這樣的指路牌源自美國羅利市一個(gè)“Walk Raleigh”的自發(fā)性活動(dòng),旨在推動(dòng)“讓城市更適宜步行”的市政規(guī)劃。這個(gè)一度趕超華盛頓、西雅圖成為“美國生活質(zhì)量最高城市”的地方,正極力促進(jìn)美國成為新一代的“棄”車大國。 Matt: Hello. My names Matt Tomasulo, and I installed 27 way-finding signs at three different locations in downtown Raleigh, North Carolina.
馬特:你好,我叫馬特·托馬蘇洛,這里是北卡羅來納州的羅利市,我在這兒的市中心三處不同的地方設(shè)置了27個(gè)指路牌。
這些指路牌會(huì)告訴人們從此處到某處步行需要多少分鐘,而不是告訴人們駕車要多久、有多少公里。這是一個(gè)自發(fā)的活動(dòng),并沒經(jīng)過相關(guān)部門的批準(zhǔn),我們趁著夜色完成的。這些指路牌都是一個(gè)月前弄的,到現(xiàn)在也沒被拆除。城市的總規(guī)劃師就在——他的辦公室就在那——所以我認(rèn)為這……這挺說明問題的……就是他們知道我們做的事,并默許了這種做法。
米切爾·西爾弗(羅利市規(guī)劃局主任):除去沒有獲得有關(guān)部門的許可之外,我覺得他們做的這件事棒極了。一些比較古老的城市,比方說紐約,城市的各種系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)都是規(guī)劃好的。而新一點(diǎn)的城市,像是二十世紀(jì)后期,甚至二十一世紀(jì)初期的城市則不是那樣建的。我們的城市是在一個(gè)細(xì)分化的時(shí)代被建立起來的,當(dāng)時(shí)人們認(rèn)為單個(gè)家庭的獨(dú)棟樓是完美的生活模式,所以新城市面臨的挑戰(zhàn)就是如何對城區(qū)進(jìn)行改造和在一個(gè)個(gè)1600平方英尺(148.6平方米)的街區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)出步道。
米西·科林(母嬰健身課,羅利市中心):有很多媽媽來到這里都愛上了我們的課,她們買了慢跑嬰兒推車,但除了來上課之外,在其他時(shí)候她們根本沒有用上它。
Woman A: You know, when we lived in the city it was just sort of a “Oh Ill stop by the grocery store, get a couple things, whatever I can carry, and go home”versus “I need to go once and I need to have 20 bags and I need to lower the back of my car…”
Woman B: We moved here six months ago from Chicago, and it was a lot easier to get around there because everything is[sic] so close, its right there. And living here in Raleigh, things are close, but theres also plenty of parking.
Amy Ruetz (lives in the suburbs): With everything you want, theres something that you have to give up, and the one main thing that we gave up moving here would be the access of walking places.
So this is just a prime example of the sidewalk ending right here. Theres a 6)strip mall with restaurants and a grocery store not even a quarter mile away, and you just have no access to get to it, cause there is no 7)shoulder, no sidewalk, theres nowhere to walk to.
Mitchell: To encourage walking you need the infrastructure, but because a lot of our infrastructure was built without sidewalks, people just adapted to that lifestyle, and theyll drive to a shopping centre. But we now see a generation that prefers that we want sidewalks, we want to walk, we want healthy living, so that is changing the market entirely.
女士甲:你知道的,城市里的生活基本就是“噢,我得去雜貨店買點(diǎn)東西,能拿多少就買多少回家”或者是“我得開車去,一次性購備一大批東西,把后備箱裝得滿當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
女士乙:六個(gè)月前我們從芝加哥搬到這兒,在芝加哥時(shí)出去走走還是挺方便的,附近什么都有,走著去就行了。住在羅利這也挺方便的,但你還是能看到遍地的停車位。
埃米·魯茨(住在市郊):生活中不可能事事都如愿,總得放棄點(diǎn)什么。而我們搬到這里來就失去了走路的便利。
這兒就有一個(gè)典型的例子。你看,人行道到那就沒有了。離這里不到四分之一英里(約402.3米)的地方有一個(gè)包括了餐館和雜貨店的路邊商業(yè)區(qū),但你沒法走過去。因?yàn)檫@一段路沒有路肩、沒有人行道,根本走不過去。
米切爾:要鼓勵(lì)人們走路,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施就得跟上。因?yàn)樵S多基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施在建設(shè)之初就沒有設(shè)計(jì)人行道,所以人們只能去適應(yīng)這種生活方式——駕車去購物中心。而如今我們看到這一代人更想要人行道、想要走路、想要健康的生活方式,而這正在改變整個(gè)市場。