復(fù)述法高效備考雅思口語考試

中國考生在備考雅思考試時存在一個普遍問題：習(xí)慣花時間做聽力和閱讀真題，卻很難堅(jiān)持張嘴練習(xí)口語，最終由于缺乏練習(xí)無法拿到理想的口語分?jǐn)?shù)。有些考生抱怨說，沒有語言環(huán)境和練習(xí)伙伴，所以沒有動力練口語。其實(shí)這不應(yīng)成為借口。很多口語好的人都沒出過國，也沒有很多外國朋友，而是靠自己堅(jiān)持練習(xí)，問題的關(guān)鍵在于練習(xí)方法。本文筆者給考生介紹的就是一種高效的口語練習(xí)方法——復(fù)述。所謂復(fù)述，是指用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述讀到或聽到的材料，以鞏固記憶。它不需要練習(xí)伙伴，也不用考生自己想語料，適合考生自學(xué)用。那么在備考雅思口語的過程中，應(yīng)該怎樣運(yùn)用復(fù)述這種復(fù)習(xí)方法呢？下面筆者為考生進(jìn)行具體講解。

如何復(fù)述網(wǎng)上的資料

雅思口語考試分為三個部分，第一和第三部分要求考生回答考官的問題，第二部分要求考生針對話題卡內(nèi)容進(jìn)行1～2分鐘即興陳述。不管是對哪個部分、哪個話題進(jìn)行練習(xí)，考生如果不知道從何說起，都可以先上網(wǎng)查閱與題目主題相關(guān)的資料，找到合適的語料，之后再進(jìn)行復(fù)述練習(xí)。首先，考生可登錄Yahoo Answers、Quora、China Daily、Time、Wikipedia等網(wǎng)站搜索所需資料，也可以用谷歌直接搜索主題詞。對于在谷歌檢索到的結(jié)果，考生最好選擇出自英語國家網(wǎng)站或中國正規(guī)英語網(wǎng)站的文章，避免用不地道的英語資料。之后，考生可將資料復(fù)制下來，并把文中的關(guān)鍵詞和地道表達(dá)一一劃出，然后進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。此時劃出的關(guān)鍵詞可能比較凌亂，考生可以稍微將其整理一下，使之變成一個有邏輯的提綱。如果有必要，考生也可以在提綱中加入自己的想法，比如填上幾個關(guān)鍵詞，以幫助自己復(fù)述用。最后，考生對照提綱，用自己的話把資料復(fù)述一遍。下面筆者用具體實(shí)例來詳細(xì)說明。

雅思口語第二部分有一個讓很多考生不知從何說起的話題——衣服。關(guān)于這個話題，歷年曾考過介紹a piece of clothing、a traditional Chinese dress、a piece of clothing you wear on a special occasion等。針對這樣的考題，考生首先需要準(zhǔn)備一段關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)服飾的素材，比如代表中國女性特色的旗袍就可以用在以上關(guān)于衣服的所有話題中?？忌梢栽诠雀枭现苯铀阉鱭ipao，可以找到下面這個網(wǎng)站鏈接：http：//www.chinavista.com/experience/qipao/qipao.html。該網(wǎng)站上關(guān)于旗袍的介紹如下。

The cheongsam is a female dress with distinctive Chinese features and enjoys a growing popularity in the international world of high fashion.

The name “cheongsam，” meaning simply “l(fā)ong dress，” entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of Chinas Guangdong Province （Cantonese）. In other parts of the country including Beijing， however， it is known as qipao and has a history behind it.

When the early Manchu rulers came to China proper， they organized certain people， mainly Manchus， into “banners” （qi） and called them “banner people” （qiren）， who then became loosely known as the Manchus. The Manchu women wore normally a one-piece dress which， likewise， came to be called a qipao or “banner dress.” Although the 1911 Revolution toppled the rule of the Qing （Manchu） Dynasty， the female dress survived the political change and， with later improvements， has become the traditional dress for Chinese women.

Easy to slip on and comfortable to wear， the cheongsam fits well the female Chinese figure. Its neck is high and closed， and its sleeves may be either short， medium or full length， depending on season and taste. The dress is buttoned on the right side， with a loose chest， a fitted waist， and slits up from the sides， all of which combine to set off the beauty of the female shape.

Another beauty of the cheongsam is that， made of different materials and to varying lengths， it can be worn either on casual or formal occasions. In either case， it creates an impression of simple and quiet charm， elegance and neatness. No wonder it is so much liked by women not only of China but of other countries as well.

這篇文章對旗袍的介紹清晰簡練，考生很容易就能劃出其中可用于考題的內(nèi)容（如下劃線所示），例如a fitted waist （收腰）、set off the beauty of the female shape （顯身材）、sleeves （袖子）等。但考生如果不查資料的話，光靠自己想是無法表達(dá)得如此地道和準(zhǔn)確的。不過，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的這段介紹畢竟是書面語，文章長度和結(jié)構(gòu)都不是基于雅思口語考題的，所以考生需要根據(jù)雅思口語考試的要求對這篇文章稍作整理。具體整理步驟如下。

第一步：還原考題

Describe an item of clothing.

You should say：

what the item is

what it looks like

on what occasions people wear it

and explain why it is so important.

第二步：整理提綱

1 是什么

① qipao， traditional female dress with distinctive Chinese features； ② cheongsam， Cantonese， long dress； ③ Qing Dynasty， Manchu rulers

2 外觀如何

① fits well the female Chinese figure； ② fitted waist， sets off the beauty of the female shape； ③ different materials

3 什么場合穿

① casual or formal occasions； ② celebrations and weddings

4 為何受歡迎

simple and quiet charm， elegance and neatness

雅思口語第二部分只需要1～2分鐘的陳述，因此不需要太長的提綱，考生只要選出自己覺得最方便記憶的幾個點(diǎn)就行，比如像旗袍的歷史發(fā)展和細(xì)節(jié)特征考生就不必過多贅述。在整理過程中，考生也可以加入一些自己的想法，比如人們現(xiàn)在主要在慶典和婚禮（celebrations and weddings）的時候穿旗袍。下面就是對照整理的提綱組織的口語表達(dá)。

Id like to tell you something about the qipao， which is a kind of traditional female dress with distinctive Chinese features. It is also known as the cheongsam， which means “l(fā)ong dress” in Cantonese. It became popular in the Qing Dynasty when the Manchu rulers came to China proper.

The biggest feature of the qipao is that it fits well the female Chinese figure. For example， it usually has a fitted waist， which sets off the beauty of the female shape. As far as I know， many different kinds of material can be used for qipaos， such as silk or cotton.

The qipao can be worn either on casual or formal occasions. Nowadays， it is more commonly seen on important occasions like celebrations and weddings. During a wedding， the bride usually wears a qipao to mark the most important day of her life.

I think that the main reason why people are so fond of the qipao is that it creates an impression of simple and quiet charm， elegance and neatness. It is now becoming more and more popular in the international world of high fashion.

以上這段表達(dá)在結(jié)合材料的同時加入了考生自己的想法，可謂邏輯清晰、句型連貫、詞匯貼切，最重要的是語言表達(dá)自然流暢?？忌ㄟ^查資料，不僅節(jié)約了絞盡腦汁想語料的時間，而且使自己的語言表達(dá)更準(zhǔn)確、地道。

除了網(wǎng)上的資料以外，考生也可以用雅思相關(guān)參考書上的范例來作為復(fù)述材料。判斷參考書上的范例能否為己所用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看其內(nèi)容是否容易記住。下面筆者就以《雅思口語》（新東方教育科技集團(tuán)雅思研究院著）中的一篇口語表達(dá)為例來講解如何復(fù)述參考書上的范例。這篇范例的主題是智能手機(jī)，主要介紹了作者喜歡智能手機(jī)的理由，具體如下。

Okay， I would really love to own a smartphone. I think they are amazing， because they are so tiny and they can do so many things！ I really like the way they look—so slim and light. But the incredible thing is what they can do. A smartphone is kind of three things in one—a phone， an iPod and a computer. So it is really useful， because you can do all the things you normally do with a phone， like texting and calling people， but you can also listen to your favorite music： mostly when Im on the bus or walking somewhere， like to school. And I would use it to share music with my friends. I think I could even use it to download films and music videos. You can also use them to store your photos and other stuff. Actually， you can use it to take your own photos as well. There is no keyboard， so you just touch the screen to type and send text messages. I really want to get one because all my friends have them and I think they are so useful. But I probably have to wait until my parents buy me one. I love new technology—Im always interested in the latest things.

看完這篇范文后，考生可以整理出以下提綱：

1 是什么

smartphone

2 外觀如何

tiny， slim and light

3 有何功能（此處可以加些自己上網(wǎng)的活動）

① listen to favourite music， share music with friends；

② download films and videos； ③ store photos and other stuff

4 為什么喜歡

① touch the screen to type； ② new technology （談?wù)搶π录夹g(shù)的喜愛）

整理完提綱后，考生就可以對照提綱來組織自己的口語表達(dá)了。因?yàn)榘婷嬗邢?，筆者在此就不再提供復(fù)述后的例文了。

考生在運(yùn)用復(fù)述的方法備考雅思口語的過程中需要注意以下四個問題。

1 如果復(fù)述材料有配套音頻，考生可以邊聽邊記筆記。這樣能同時練習(xí)聽力和單詞拼寫。

2 有條件的話，考生最好錄下自己的復(fù)述。復(fù)述完之后聽錄音，糾正復(fù)述中的語法錯誤，改掉不符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣的“嗯”“哼”“呃”等口頭語，并檢查句型還有什么能改進(jìn)的地方。

3 復(fù)述至少兩到三遍，復(fù)述最后一遍時考生要注意語音語調(diào)的抑揚(yáng)頓挫，適當(dāng)配合肢體語言，完全模擬考場情境，就像對面坐著考官一樣。

4 考生在考前應(yīng)該練習(xí)復(fù)述最近?？嫉目谡Z機(jī)經(jīng)題，每天練兩個題，直到能流利表達(dá)為止。第二天考生給自己一分鐘時間，看能否快速回憶起昨天練過的題目，在紙上寫下幾個要點(diǎn)，然后再講述一遍。

雅思口語考試是非常實(shí)用的交流能力的測試，不是光靠背模板句就能應(yīng)對的。考生只有從根本上提升英語交流能力才能拿高分。大多數(shù)參加雅思考試的考生都是準(zhǔn)備出國留學(xué)的，所以雅思的備考其實(shí)不光只是為了一個分?jǐn)?shù)，更是為了在海外更好地生存和學(xué)習(xí)。其實(shí)，在國外學(xué)習(xí)得是否吃力，能否交到朋友、積極生活，很大程度上是由英語的聽、說、讀、寫能力決定的。因此，即使在通過雅思考試后，考生也要堅(jiān)持日常聽說練習(xí)，每天只需用半小時的時間?？忌梢园凑找韵虏襟E進(jìn)行練習(xí)：①選擇材料：國外電臺節(jié)目或《新概念英語2》《新概念英語3》的課文，選擇材料時以能聽懂60%以上的內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)；②聽一遍材料，不用記筆記；③一句話口頭總結(jié)材料的內(nèi)容，比如誰在什么時間什么地方做了什么；④精聽材料，記下關(guān)鍵詞，聽不懂的地方多聽幾遍，并嘗試自己拼寫出來；⑤比較記錄的信息和原文是否匹配，并復(fù)述原文，至少兩遍；⑥大聲朗讀原文，并注意模仿錄音中的語音語調(diào)。