肖炳全
摘要:初中英語主謂一致是英語學習的重點,同時也是歷年中考英語的重要考點。對主謂一致考點進行歸納梳理,有利……
關鍵詞:主謂一致;歸納;梳理
初中英語主謂一致是英語學習的重點,同時也是歷年中考英語的重要考點。在英語中,句子的主語和謂語動詞要保持數(shù)上的一致關系,叫主謂一致。
一、語法一致原則
語法一致原則即句子的主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式;主語是復數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如: The table has four legs. My parents are teachers.
(1)動詞不定式、動名詞、不可數(shù)名詞做主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如: Climbing hills is of great help to health .
(2) 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything , nobody, no one, nothing等,代詞either, neither, another, the other等做主語時,以及限定詞each , every等后接名詞做主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如: Lucy , someone is waiting for you at the gate . Is everyone here?
(3)由some (of), plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most (of), the rest (of), all (of), half (of), “分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of+名詞”等短語做主語時,謂語動詞要與后面的名詞保持一致。如果所修飾的是可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù),則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式;如果是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如: Most of her time is spent in exercising. About 5 percent of the students are absent today.
(4) “a number of +名詞復數(shù)” 做主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式; “the number of +名詞復數(shù)” 做主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如: (2010 深圳) ——The number of the students in our class is fifty-six.——How many of them are girls.
(5) 用one, every one, each one, either, neither等+of+名詞復數(shù)做主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如: (2011 衢州) One of my friends has moved to America. I miss her so much.
(6) none 做主語指代不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;指代可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞可用單數(shù)或復數(shù)形式。如: —— Is there any tea in cup? —— No, there is none.
(7) 名詞性物主代詞mine,yours,his,hers,its, ours,theirs等做主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于該動詞后面名詞的數(shù),動詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;動詞后面名詞為復數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如: His is a new bike. Ours are old bikes.
二、意義一致原則
意義一致原則即謂語動詞該用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)取決于主語所表達的內(nèi)容在含義是單數(shù)意義還是復數(shù)意義。如: The Chinese are hard-working.
(1) 表示時間、距離、價格、重量、數(shù)目、數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語做主語時,表示整體概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如: Three years is short time.
(2) 由and ,both…and…連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語時,謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式。但是如果and所連接的并列主語指同一個人或事物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如: The painter and the writer have come to our school. The painter and writer has come to our school .
(3)“the+形容詞”表示一類人時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式,表示抽象概念或事物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如: The old are looked after well in our country.
(4) people, police, youth 等集體名詞做主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。但family, class, group, team, 等集體名詞做主語時,若指一個整體時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;若指具體成員時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如: My family all like watching TV.
(5) 有些以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復數(shù)意義,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式,如news, physics, politics 等。如: (2011 德陽) ——Physics is more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? ——Yes, I think so.
三、就遠原則
就遠原則即謂語動詞數(shù)由前面的主語決定。當主語部分含有with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but, like 等介詞或介詞短語時,謂語動詞數(shù)由前面的主語決定。如: The student with his parents is at home.
四、就近原則
就近原則即連接兩個并列的主語時,謂語動詞跟它靠近的主語一致。在there be…句型中以及由neither…nor… , either …or… , not only…but also… , not …but…等連詞連接兩個并列的主語時,謂語動詞跟它靠近的主語一致。如: Neither you nor she likes watching TV. There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.
直擊中考
選擇題
1. (2008 瀘州中考) My nameLucy. May I know your name?
A. am B. is C. are
【解析】選B。my name做主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。
2. (2008 漳州中考)——Whats on the table?
——some bread on it.
A. There isB. There are C. We are D. They are
【解析】選A??疾閠here be——結(jié)構的主謂一致。題中的some bread是不可數(shù)名詞,做主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故選A。
3. (2009 河北中考) The news very interesting! Tell me more!
A. is B. are C. wereD. was
【解析】選A。news意為“新聞”,是不可數(shù)名詞,做主語時謂語動詞要單數(shù)形式,先排除B、C二項;另結(jié)合后句“Tell me more!”可知這里要用一般現(xiàn)在時,故舍D選A。
4. (2009 德州中考) Either Eve or Herb been invited by Lucys parents already.
A. have B. has C. was D. were
【解析】選B。either … or …連接主語時,謂語動詞與or后面的名詞或代詞保持一致。由關鍵詞Herb可知用謂語動詞單數(shù)形式,先排除A、D二項;另由been invited可知這里是現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),故舍D選B。
5. (2009 深圳中考) -Which would you like, tea or coffee?
-Either OK, but I prefer coffee milk.
A. is; has B. are; withC. is; with D. are; has
【解析】選C。either是不定代詞,做主語時謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式,先排除B、D;另結(jié)合題中的謂語動詞prefer可舍A選C。
6. (2009 宿遷中考) –What the number of the students in your school?
–About two thousand. A number of them from England.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; isD. are; are
【解析】選A。the number of…意為“……的數(shù)量”, 做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;而a number of意為“許多”,作主語時謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。由關鍵信息the number of和a number of可知第一個空用單數(shù),第二個空用復數(shù),故正確答案為A。
7. (2009 廣東中考) Everyone except Tom and John seen the film.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
【解析】選B。everyone在句中做主語,而except Tom and John是介詞短語,作everyone的后置定語,所以謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式,先排除C、D二項;另結(jié)合關鍵詞seen可知這里是現(xiàn)在完成時,故舍A選B。
8. (2010 甘肅) I think of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam easy.
A. three fourths; is B. third four; are C. three fourths; are D. third four; are
【解析】選C。使用分數(shù)時, 分子用基數(shù)詞, 分母用序數(shù)詞,分子大于一,分母加s,同時謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于前面的主語。故選C。
9. (2010 廣東) Robert with his two kids to the beach for vacation every year.
A. goB. goes C. went D. are going
【解析】選B。主語部分有with his two kids 謂語動詞的數(shù)由前面的主語決定(即就遠原則)。故選B。
10. (2012 綿羊) I began watching here an hour ago, but now nothing yet.
A. happens B. will happen C. happened D. has happened
【解析】選D。從yet看出用完成時, nothing做主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選D。
總之,我們平時要善于將學過的知識點、考點進行分類歸納梳理,對學好英語有好大幫助。
參考文獻:
[1]新課標中考寶典:廣東專用版. 英語/《新課標中考寶典》編寫組編.主編:余祖正—— 廣州:世界圖書出版廣東有限公司,2012.10
[2]廣東中考全程總復習. 英語/魏春紅,謝燕玫主編.—— 西安:陜西師范大學出版總社有限公司,2012.9(粵考王)