看圖作文要求考生按照所給圖畫,通過合理的聯(lián)想將一組畫面的內容正確地表達出來??磮D作文與其他類型作文的不同之處在于,它除了要求考生有英語語言表達能力,還要求考生有觀察能力、分析能力和想象能力。
看圖作文的“圖”,主要有圖表、畫圖和漫畫三種,出現在中考作文題中的,主要是漫畫。
做中考看圖作文,具體的操作程序是讀題、析圖、立意、擬題、構思、修改、定稿?!芭c眾不同”的關鍵之處是要仔細觀察畫面和準確理解畫“意”,先抓好讀題和析圖兩步,然后才構思成文。
一、讀題
讀看圖作文的題目,主要是了解文題中所提出的要求,明確所規(guī)定的體裁,以便有目的、有重點地去看圖。
二、聯(lián)系題目析圖
做看圖作文要學會讀圖。當圖映入你的眼簾,你應該馬上有這樣的意識:這一幅圖是一個故事;這一幅圖是一篇說明文;這一幅圖是一篇寓言;這一幅圖是一個比喻……于是,你便可以像材料作文、命題作文、自由命題作文一樣開始寫作。
在看圖作文中,析圖是關鍵的一環(huán),就像“析材”是材料作文的關鍵性環(huán)節(jié)一樣。因此,我們應該學會從如下角度去“析圖”:
1.看“情節(jié)發(fā)展”
這適用于對多幅有內在聯(lián)系的組合漫畫的審讀。
2.看事物變化
適用于畫面中立體事物變化鮮明的漫畫材料。
3.看人物對比
適用于閱讀以多個人物活動為主的漫畫。
4.看背景映襯
適用于人物活動中環(huán)境設計鮮明的漫畫的閱讀理解。畫中的景,畫中的物,往往
有不可忽視的烘托、反襯的作用。
5.看比喻手法
適用于整體構思有明顯而強烈的寓意漫畫的審讀。
6.看整體意念
適用于理解含蓄的令人回味的漫畫,作者在這樣的漫畫中往往運用比擬、象征的方法表現主題。
析圖并理解其含義是看圖寫議論文的重要關隘,考生要掌握一定的方法才能順利通過。因此考生要盡可能多地掌握“析圖”的方法。除上面所介紹的以外,還有類比聯(lián)想法、喻義探求法、比較排除法、對號入座法、寓言點題法等都可以運用。
中考看圖作文,在看懂畫面之后,第二關便是構思、寫作了。就寫作的過程講,看圖作文與其他形式的作文一樣,離不開立意、構思、表達的程序。另外說明一下,看圖作文有一個重要的過渡性環(huán)節(jié),就是必須對圖進行一番說明、介紹或描繪??磮D作文的特殊性表現為材料中所給的單幅漫畫、多幅組合漫畫,以及用來說明、評論對象的攝影作品、美術作品、科學圖畫等,不可能作為材料直接引進文章。它們需要一次“再處理”,由作者在觀察、理解、提煉的基礎之上,用文字敘述出來。這些敘述文字,如果放在記敘文的開頭,就成了一種解說性的鋪陳;如果放在議論文中,這種開頭就往往于解說中順勢帶出作者的觀點。
2013年中考典題精選
1.(2013年四川宜賓中考)最近媒體對“中國式過馬路”這一現象進行了尖銳的批評,請你以一個中學生的角色,寫一篇短文,對“中國式過馬路”這一現象加以評述。
注意:①文中不能出現自己的姓名和學校名稱。
②開頭已給出,不計入總詞數。字數:80詞左右,不可逐字翻譯。
③參考詞語:紅綠燈traffic lights,缺乏交通安全意識lack traffic safety awareness,遵守交通規(guī)則obey the traffic rules.
Chinese Styles of Crossing Streets Chinese styles of crossing streets has been a hot topic on the Internet recently.
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答案:One possible version:
Chinese style of crossing streets has been a hot topic on the Internet recently.
Nowadays, many people cross streets without looking at the traffic lights. Why? I think there are two main reasons. Some people lack traffic safety awareness. Besides, some people are so hurry that they don’t want to wait for the green lights.
However, it has brought danger to themselves as well as to others. So I hope something must be done to avoid traffic accidents. For example, whoever breaks the traffic rules should be punished.
As middle school students, we should obey the traffic rules. What’s more, I will try my best to advise people to obey the rules. Only in this way can we cross streets safely.
2.(2013年山東濟南中考)根據所給圖畫,用英語寫一篇約80詞的短文。要求完整敘述圖畫內容。
參考詞匯:blind adj.盲的,瞎的; stick n.拐杖
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答案:Last weekend Xiaoming went to the park with his mother and sister. It was sunny and there were some people and traffics in it. They played very happily. When they wanted to have taken photos, Xiaoming saw an old blind man far from them, he was walking with a sick alone. He thought it was very dangers for the old man. So Xiaoming ran quickly to the man and help the man walk on by catching the stick. When the blind man’s daughter found him, she thanked Xiaoming and praised him. At this moment, the photographer took the precious photo.
3.(2013年湖北宜昌中考)假如這副漫畫表現的是你所經歷的事情,請根據所給提示描述事情經過并談談你的看法。
提示詞:jaywalk vi.亂穿馬路;run the red light闖紅燈
注意:文中不能出現真實姓名和學校名。詞數80—100。
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答案:Last Friday afternoon, when I was on my way home from school, I saw a group of people jaywalking at the crossing. A volunteer tried to stop them, but no one listened to him. Instead, they ran the red light quickly. Just then, a bus came. One of them was nearly hit by the running bus.
In my opinion, jaywalking is a bad habit. It puts not only yourself but also other people in danger. I hope all of us should keep the traffic rules and stop running the red light. Look both sides / ways when you cross the road.
(作者單位:山東省棗莊二中)